한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

신규간호사 배치후 교육시 프리셉터쉽 적용 사례연구

김창희,김혜숙,조혜성,이순옥,함형미,박미미 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preceptorship on On the Job Training of new nurses. The research design was a retrospective survey and one group pre-rost test design. The subjects were 49 entry nurses and 49 preceptors The data were collected from Feburary 1, 1998 to December 1, 1998. One questionnair applied in this study consisted of general characteristics, the responses of new entry nurses and their preceptors and their qualities. The other questionnair consisted of job satisfaction of new entry nurses and Preceptors and their competencies. The data were analyzed for frequencies, mean score, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the study were as follows : 1) Preceptees's responses were that the nurses' affiliation of unit. cooperation of other nurses, and competencies of nursing skills improved after OJT applied preceptorship. 2) Preceptors's answers were that preceptorship had a positive effect on their continuing education. 3) While preceptees's job satisfaction scores were high in interaction, administration, and organization, they were low in autonomy and pay. 4) Pre-competency scores were the same as post-competency scores. 5) After preceptorship, preceptors responded that their nursing skill & communication competency increased, but their nursing administration competency decreased. 6) Finally, preceptorship's other effects were as follows: ① Checklists for preceptee education at the nursing unit were developed separately. ② It was proved that 'preceptor interview note' was effective on manage preceptorship. ③ We obtained duty orierlap periods, medical-surgical units-1 month. 5 ICU-2 months. operaction room-3 months ④ We prepared a preceptor program based on the study results.

MgO 버퍼층을 이용한 PZT 박막의 형성 및 특성 평가

김지미,전호승,강재경,최형봉,김철주 서울시립대학교정보기술연구소 2001 정보기술연구소 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

In this paper, we fabricated the MgO layer by sol-gel method and estimated possibility as a buffer layer for ferroelectric such as PZT. MgO(Magnesium Oxide) proposed as buffer layer of ferroelectric is already for much used as buffer layer in optic technology. There are many formation methods of MgO layer, but in this study, we selected the sol-gel method which is easy to control the content of material and possible for fabrication of uniform layer, then we formed thin layer through the composition of MgO and PZT solution, spin coating and annealing. To estimate the possibility as buffer layer about ferroelectric layer, we analyzed the physical and electrical characteristics about PZT on MgO layer.By SEM, AFM and XRD analysis, we could know facts that the surface condition of PZT on MgO was relatively smooth and the crystal orientation of PZT was enhanced by MgO layer. Due to the measurements of P-V, C-V and I-V characteristics of PZT/MgO capacitor structure, the polarization, fatigue and breakdown properties of PZT on MgO were much improved than those of PZT without MgO layer. Also, in MFIS structure, the PZT on MgO showed the stable memory property. These results could be compared to those of MgO buffer layer formed by sputtering, so, if studies about the composition of MgO solution and the formation of MgO layer are executed continuously, the fabrication process of MgO layer by sol-gel method can be applied as the process for buffer layer of ferroelectric.

서사와 여성주의 도덕교육

김형철,이미식,최용성 釜山大學校 師範大學 2001 교사교육연구 Vol.40 No.-

Comtemporary approach to moral education emphasize propositional thinking and socratestic verbal discussion of abstract moral dilemmas. In contrast, this article proposes that narratives are a central factor in moral education and feministi moral education. Support for this position comes from recent theoretical contributions of Bruner, Hoffman, Maclntyre, Gilligan and others, who have emphasized narrative thought as a major form of cognition that is qualitatively different from abstract propositional thinking. By the way, narrative has the opposing two aspects regarding gender equality, both of liberating and repressive effects on moral education. Narrative method of character education and virtue education is related to the traditional male values. In this respect, narrative becomes a repressive space for women. However, women can make narrative as a liberating space for them by promoting gender equality. It is proposed that narratives and narrative thinking are especially involved in how these processes lead to moral development and therefore that narrative should be rehabilitated as a valuable part of feministi moral education.

綠豆 雜種後期世代의 收量에 對한 經路係數 및 選拔指數

高美錫,金鎭馨,李楠烈 慶尙大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.2

綠豆 新品種 育成의 重要性에 비추어 多收系統의 效率的인 選擇을 위한 情報를 얻고자, 6個 品種을 二面交雜한 雜種 33系統을 材料로 開花日數, 成熟日數, 生育日數, 莖長, 莖直徑, 分枝數, 莢長, 株當英數, 100粒重및 粒重 等의 量的 形質들이 收量에 미치는 經路係數및 選擇指數 그리고 遺傳進展을 推定한 바, 그 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 經路係數에서 直接 果는 9個 形質 中 株當莢數, 莖直徑및 成熟日數 等이 높았고, 間接 果는 株當莢數, 莖直徑, 分枝數 等의 順으로 높아 收量에 미치는 影響이 各各 클 것으로 推定되었다. 2. 株當粒重을 收量으로 하여 본 各 形質의 選擇指數는 2~4個 形質(莖長, 莖直徑, 分枝數, 株當英數)의 組合에서는 莖直徑의 指數가 가장 높았고 그외 形質은 多少間의 差異는 있었으나 비교적 낮았다. 3. 遺傳進展과 關係效率에서 單一形質에서는 株當英數, 莖直徑,이 컸었는데, 2~4個 形質의 組合에서는 莖長, 莖直徑, 分枝數 組合의 形質이 他 形質의 組合보다 遺傳進展値의 값이 가장 높아 收量에 대한 選擇效率은 가장 클 것으로 믿어졌다. This experiment was conducted to estimate te path-coefficient of each character influencing the grain yield. selection index and genetic advance for nine agronomic characters in mungbean lines. The 33 mungbean lines selected from F6 generation were planted in a randomized block design with three replications, and the observed characters were days flowering, days from flowering to maturity, days to maturity, stem length, stem diameter, branch numbers per plant, pod length, pod numbers per plant, 100-grain weight and grain weight. The results obtained summarized as follows : 1. Three characters which are pod numbers per plant, stem diameter and days from flowering to maturity had the higher direct effects upon seed yield, and pod numbers per plant, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant showed higher indirect effects influencing each character. 2. Selection indicies based on nine characters were discussed with a conclusion that the selection index should be based on the data from stem length, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant. 3. On expected genetic advances among all characters, the highest value was the combinations among stem length, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant, and also relative efficiency were identify. For these reasons, it was realized that the parameter for selection should be calculated on the basis of the data from three agronomic characters, i, e., stem length, stem diameter and branch numbers per plant.

대추의 Blanching 조건과 자연건조중의 탈수율 및 경도변화

손미애,서지형,김광수,김순동 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1993 식품과학지 Vol.5 No.-

대추의 건조시에 blanching처리의 활용도를 높여 건대추의 품질향상을 꾀할 목적으로 blanching처리온도와 시간에 따른 탈수율의 변화를 자연건조 시키면서 살펴보았다. 그 결과 40℃와 60℃에서는 blanching효과가 없었으며, 80℃에서 3분간, 100℃에서 1분간의 처리가 건조중 탈수율과 내부의 변색정도, 껍질의 색상면에서 양호하였다. 또 경도는 수분감소에 따라 높아졌으나 수분 30%까지는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았고 열풍건조가 자연건조에 비하여 높으며, blanching처리하면 더욱 높아졌다. 껍질의 갈변정도, 조직내부의 색상, 부패율 등으로 평가한 결과 자연건조시킬 경우는 blanching의 필요성이 강조되었으며, 열풍건조시킬 경우는 blanching을 하지 않고, 온도, 건조시간 등에 유의할 필요성이 요구되었다. This study was conducted to utilize the blanching treatment for quality development of dried jujube fruit. The effect of blanching temperature and time on the hardness, decolorration and dehydration during natural and hot air drying were investigated. There was no blanching effect at 40℃ and 60℃. The degree of decoloration in internal side and skin decoloration were good under the condition of blaching at 80℃ for 3 minutes and 100℃ for 1 minute. Hardness of dried fruit became higher according to the decrease of moisture during drying but, it showed little changes until 30% of moisture in fruit. The hardness of dried fruit by hot air drying was higher than natural drying and it was much higher than the fruits of hot air drying when they were dried after blanching. It must be necessary for blanching in case of natural drying. Hot air drying was not necessary for blanching, but it was required to be careful for temperature and drying time.

소아의 위장관 이물질에 대한 임상적 고찰

이보형,이현경,김미정,최광해 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2001 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.18 No.1

Background: The accidental swallowing of foreign body is a common problem in the children. Ingested foreign bodies may be managed by endoscopy, observation, or surgery. So we analyzed the methods of removal, type, location and complications of foreign bodies. Materials and Methods: This report reviewed 37 cases of ingested foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract at the Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University Hospital between January 1997 and April 2001. Results: The age ranged from 8 months to 8 years. The most prevalent age group was between 1 year and 2 years of age(19%). The male to female ratio was 2.1:1 with 25 male and 12 female patients. The type of foreign bodies were coins in 20 cases(54%), nail in 4 cases(11%), key in 4 cases(11%), pin in 2 cases(5.5%), necklace in 2 cases(5.5%) and others. The locations of foreign bodies were upper esophagus in 12 cases(32.5%), lower esophagus in 4 cases(10.8%), stomach in 16 cases(43.2%), small bowel in 5 cases(13.5%). 4. Presenting symptoms were variable with asymptomatic(59.4%), vomiting(19.0%), epigastric pain(8.1%), dysphagia(5.4%) and others. The methods for removal of foreign bodies included 20 cases of endoscopic removal(54.0%), 3 cases of spontaneous removal(8.1%) and there was no surgical removal. 14 cases(37.9%) did not confirmed removal of foreign body because of no revisit of our hospital. Endoscopic finding of patients were normal(15 cases), ulceration(2 cases), erosion(1 case), inflammation(1 case) , mucosal scratch(1 case). Conclusion: It appears that the endoscopic approach is the preferable method for the removal of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies in the children.

전격성 제1형 당뇨병 1예

노동현,김도형,김나래,박종선,이창헌,김미경,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

전격성 제1형 당뇨병은 특발성 당뇨병환자에서 임상 경과가 짧고 진단 당시 심각한 대사 합병증을 동반하면서 췌장 효소 수치가 높고 췌도 특이 자가항체가 음성인 새로운 아형으로 알려져 있으며, 일본과 일본 외에서의 유병률에는 차이가 있는 것으로 보인다. 아직 전격성 제1형 당뇨병의 발생 기전은 명확하지 않으며 유전적 감수성이 있는 개체에서 바이러스 감염 등의 환경적인 인자와의 연관성이 가능한 병태생리로 제시되고 있으며 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다. 저자들은 케톤산증으로 내원하여 전격성 제1형 당뇨병을 진단받은 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고 하는 바이다. Some patients with idiopathic type 1 diabetes have a fulminant disorder characterized by the absence of insulitis and of diabetes-related antibodies, a remarkably abrupt onset and high serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations. This is referred to as fulminant type 1 diabetes. A 29-year-old man suffering from abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting consulted to our hospital. Laboratory findings revealed high blood glucose level and the evidence of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the serum HbA1c was normal nevertheless. The low level of plasma C-peptide indicated the loss of endogenous insulin secretion. The patient satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of fulminant type 1 diabetes. After the patient has been treated with insulin, his symptoms were improved and abnormal laboratory data were normalized. We report this case with a review of the literature

갑상선 수질암종과 유두암종의 동시 발생된 1례

고진우,김도형,김미경,김현옥,최영식 고신대학교의과대학 2007 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.22 No.2

저자들은 태생학적 기원, 면역조직화학적, 분자생물학적으로 완전히 별개의 암종인 갑상선 수질암종과 유두암종이 동시에 동일한 갑상선에 발생하는 매우 드문 사례를 경험하였고 이러한 현상이 우연한 동시 발생인지, 공통의 줄기세포 기원인지 혹은 공통의 암 유발인자에 의한 것인지는 여전히 논쟁의 여지를 남겨두고 있다. It is generally believed that the origins of medullary and papillary carcinoma of thyroid are embryologically different. So mixed medullary-papillary thyroid carcinomas are rare. The two separate tumors of the present case may be coincidental double primaries. It can be assumed that at least some of the mixed papillary and parafollicular cell carcinomas are results of collision of carcinomas derived from two embryogenetically different cell types. Recently, we experienced a case of mixed medullary-papillary thyroid carcinomas. A 50-year-old woman was found to have mixed medullary thyroid carcinoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma on the same lobe with lymph node metastases. We report a this case with literature review

새로운 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors의 합성

최순규,김형민,조승환,최학기,박유미,이용균,정대일,김인식,한정태 동아대학교 부설 기초과학연구소 2004 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.21 No.1

노인성 치매의 일종인 alzheimer's disease의 효과적인 억제제를 합성하기 위해 우리는 분자 모델링에 의한 가장 적합한 물질인 m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid를 합성하였다. 출발물질인 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate의 경우 boronic acid의 작용기인 hydroxyl group을 protecting시킴으로써 반응의 안정성을 기하였다. Quarternary ammonium salt는 과량의 methyliodide와 염기 촉매인 potassium hydrogen carbonate를 사용하여 용매인 methanol에서 반응시켜 상당히 높은 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 과량의 methyliodide와 염기촉매인 potassium hydrogen carbonate를 사용하여 용매인 methanol에서 반응시킨 결과 boronic acid의 protection없이도 안정하게 반응이 진행되어짐을 확인할 수 있었다. In order to syntheisize a effective inhibotor for alzheimer's disease, we synthesized m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid 4 which is designed by molecular modeling form. We protected the hydroxyl group of 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate 1 with ethlyne glycol to remove the reactivity if hydroxyl group. To synthesize m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid 4, we reacted 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate 1 with ezcess methyl iodide and potassium hydrogen carbonate as a base-catalyst in methanol. but On executed reaction without protection on hydroxyl group, we found out the result that the hydroxyl group of boronic acid group at 3-aminophenylboronic acid monohydrate 1 didn't react with excess methyliodide. Synthesized m-[(N,N,N-trimethylammonio)phenyl]boronic acid 4 is in progress about biological tests as a plausible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.