여자 대학생의 저출산에 대한 인식 : 서울 지역 중심으로

김연주,김주예,김혜,민지유,박현영,이송,이혜심,주연진,최지희,함연화,강숙정,김부연,김윤정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2019 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.53

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of low birth rate within female college students. Methods: After obtaining approval from online community and several acquaintance, data were collected from August 10 to September 11. A total of eight students participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interview were conducted and the data subsequently analyzed. Results: This study extracted three themes: Fragmentary perception about low birth rate limited to social level problem; Avoidance about sacrifice from delivery and Lack of effectiveness in fertility incentives of present government. Conclusion: This study is meaningful that can explore the perception about low birth rates of female college students who are the subjects of future birth. They recognize low birth rates as a social problem, but do not recognize as individual problem. In addition, this study was able to identify the participants' perception of the low birth rate. It can be suggested as meaningful opinion for some follow-up study.

남녀공학과 여대에 재학 중인 여자대학생의 체형만족도와 자아존중감의 관계

김민정,김보민,김소연,김형주,서민경,박수영,전승연,한누리,함승순 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between satisfaction of body figure and self-esteem of female university students according to the school types. Method: The study sample consisted of 360 female university students who had been attending at co-educational university or women's university in Korea. Data were collected by questionnaires from July 27th to August 6th in 2010. All statistical analyses were conducted using t-test, chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient procedures with SPSS 18.0 program. The level of significance was set at .05. Results: The general characteristics, satisfaction of body figure and self-esteem were not significantly different between co-educational university and women’s university. Although 93.1 percent of female students were under or normal weight according to their BMI, 88.0 percent of female university students were not satisfied with their current body figure and 90.5 percent among them wanted to lose weight. The satisfaction of body figure was related with self-esteem (coed: r=-0.228, p=.002, women's: r= -0.264, p<.001) but there was no difference from school types. Conclusion: The result implied the importance of appropriate education and nursing intervention which would improve satisfaction of body of female university students.

CSM 액제의 경시변화에 관한 실험

함성호,김주신,김현수,이영미,김재백 圓光大學校 藥品硏究所 1988 藥品硏究所報 Vol.3 No.1

The stability of Woohwang Chungsimwon Solution was evaluated by the indication o the decomposition of conjugated bilirubin and the loss of borneol and isoborneol in Woowang Chunsimwan Solution. The results were as follows; 1. The decomposition rate of conjugated bilirubin was increased according to increasing temperature. 2. At the effect of acidty on the decomposition of conjugated bilirubin, as much as acid concentration the decomposition rate constant of conjugated bilirubin was reduced. 3. Half-life of conjugated bilirubin, Borneolum in solution is longer than that in pills.

건설중장비 IMV용 비례솔레노이드 액추에이터의 B-H 특성

윤소남(S.-N. Yun),함영복(Y.-B. Ham),정은아(E.-A. Jeong),하룬 아흐마드 칸(H. A. Khan) 한국정밀공학회 2017 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.5월

白鼠에 있어서 Hepatic Microsomal Cytochrome P-450에 대한 Diazepam, Cimetidine 및 Sulpiride의 영향

김복희,함윤애,홍영숙,성낙응 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1979 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.2 No.3

Cytochrome P-450 is a terminal oxidase of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system associated with the oxidative biotransformation of a varity of lipophilic endogenous and exogenous compounds, and generally is assayed by CO-binding spectro-photometry of dithionite-reduced samples. In well fed normal male rats with or without stress condition, the dffect of antiulcer drug; cimetidine, sulpiride and diazepam on the level of microsomal cytochrome P-450 were determined. Only stress condition produced on significant effect in cytochrome P-450 contents. Administration of cimetidine, sulpiride and diazepam in this condition caused a 44.1%~87.5% increment in cytochrome P-450, diazepam produced the most increase. After diazepam treatment of rats, the peak position of cytochrome P-450 shifted to a longer wave length of 452 nm.

산양유 쿠미스의 제조와 Candida kefir 의 젖산 생성

인영민,정석근,함준상,안영태,김현욱,김동운,김회발,김용곤 한국유가공기술과학회 2000 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.18 No.2

Goat milk consumption in Korea has been increasing nowadays due to recognition of good for health, and some goat milk producing farms get high income by processing and selling. Some chemical, physical, and nutritional characteristics of goat milk were reviewed. Development of various types of goat milk products is required for both producer and consumer, and Koumiss could be a good application. Koumiss is lactic acid-alcohol fermented milk product and is widely used for treating pulmonary tuberculosis in Russia. Koumiss making from goat milk was compared to from cow milk. L. plantarum and C. kefir isolated from Mongolian Koumiss were used as starter cultures, and mixed fermentation with L. bulgaricus showed symbiotic growth effect. The best sensory characteristics were obtained in two day fermented Koumiss. However the Koumiss making procedure was very complex because of mixed fermentation of yeast and lactic acid bacteria. To simplify this complex procedure, the yeast was developed to express 1dh gene of the lactic acid bacteria. L-1dh gene was isolated from the L. plantarum by PCR, and ligated to a commercial shuttle vector, The vector containing L-1dh was transformed to E. coli, and was purified after large scale preparation. The purified vector was transformed to C, kefir by electroporation after removal of antibiotic marker. Two kinds of colonies were obtained on YPG agar containing bromocresol purple, and the colony which shows yellow surrounding was considered to express 1dh gene. Expression conditions of the 1dh gene in the yeast need further study.

Furacin(5-Nitrofuraldehyde Semicarbazone)이 家兎實質臟器에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的硏究

金相炫,咸毅根,金春澤,朴英植,崔丙昊 中央醫學社 1962 中央醫學 Vol.3 No.1

Since the discovery of the effectiveness of the Nitrofuran derivatives on certain microorganisms, there have been many investigations on their utilization in the clinical medicine as we 1 as in the fields of industry Over hundred varieties of these derivatives have been put out among which furacin is claimed to be the most effective but the least toxic. Clinically these compounds are alleged to be effective in the treatment of diarrhea gastrointestinal upsets and urinary tract infections. Although there have been very few well-controlled studies on their effectiveness, nevertheless, they have become quite popular compounds for the combat of various infections. On the other hand, however, there have been reported evidences of various side effects of these compounds such-as allergic reactions and hemolytic anemia etc. Antiputrefactive action of these derivatives prompted their usage in canning and food industry. Since these nitro furan derivatives are both relatively new and potentially toxic and there exists a possibility of public health, problem when administered in the food, it was decided to identify the various effects of different dosage-of furacin on the parenchymal organs of an experimental animal. Materials and Methods; Healthy albino rabbits weighing from 1,650 grams to 1,800 grams were used. The animals were divided into 4 groups. The first group was fed 1.0mg.Per kg. body weight of furacin emulsified in gum arabic. This dosage is equivalent to the amount ordinarily added in the food as antiputrefactive dose. The second group of animals were fed 5.0mg.per kg. body weight of furacin. This is equivalent to a therapeutic dosage used in clinical medicine. Above two groups of animals received the same dose daily for one month via stomach tube. The third group of animal were fed 100mg. per kg. body weight of furacin. Two each of this group received the furacin for the period of 1, 3, 7, 15, and 28 days respectively. The fourth group of animals constituted the control group that were fed only gum arabic via stomach tube for one month. Autopsy was done on each animal. Gross changes of the various organs were recorded carefully and the tissues were fixed immediately into 10? neutral formalin and in Zenker's fluid. Paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were examined microscopically. Result And Conclusion; As expected, the first two groups of animals showed little or no change that were attributable to the administration of furacin. This as also true in the control animals. The third group, that received a large dose of furacin showed demonstrable changes in the kidneys and liver and in the testis and adrenals. The changes in the kidneys were characterized by degeneration and disorganization of the tubules and their epithelial cells in the medullary zone. At first there appears a precipitation of amorphous proteinous material between the tubules then there appears the hydropic degeneration and fragmentation of epithelium with accumulation of protein casts in the lumen. The degenerative features become more prominent as the days of administration added then there occurs within the lumen many red cell casts. The changes in the liver are more subtle. Slight to moderate swelling of the hepatic cells was the characteristic change. Although there were large areas of necrosis accompanied by granulomatous reaction, these were probably due to infestation of parasites in this organ. However, the changes were most profound only in this group of animals. Perhaps the degenerative features of the liver cells might have been responsible for the exaggerated reaction. A marked atrophy of seminiferous tubles of the animals in this group was also noted. From the data obtained above, it is concluded that there is no detectable pathological changes in the parenchymal organs of rabbit when furacin was given orally in the dose ordinarily added into the food or in the therapeutic dose. When larger dose are given there occurs degenerative changes in the tubular epithelium of the kidney and to liver cells and to cells of testis.

문학반응이론에 의한 보건의학기술계열 국가시험개선방안에 관한 연구

이창규,이승관,조경진,박종성,정수경,유병서,박상숙,윤효숙,황선철,문경환,김정민,함용운,김지환,임국환,김영순,윤경희,황성준 高麗大學校 倂設 保健大學 保健科學硏究所 1998 保健科學論集 Vol.24 No.1

The nationally-governed examinations for certification of allied health professions in Korea have been continued for thirty three years. During that time, there were a lot of managerial improvements in carrying out the examinations, for example, the looking-over the papers converted from manual method to computerized one. Nevertheless, the overall aspects of item management in the national examinations are still remained as obsolete style. In some developed countries they have already tried or adopted computerized system in making questions, executing item analysis, developing item banking, and in overall management of examinations, looking over papers for their national licensure examinations, and have established good reputations. Since the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board was established in 1998, now we can expect there would be a lots of improvements in the managerial systems and organizational structures associated with the national licensing examinations suggesting followings. 1. The contents and scope of the licensing examinations based on job analysis should be announced publicaly. 2. Items should be developed based on the scopes and contents of job characteristics. 3. All the developed items for the licensing examinations should be tested quantitatively prior to banking items. 4. All the parameters of the stored items should be fully estimated through item response theory. 5. All the efforts should be given in order to execute the examinations in individual residential areas on behalf of every examinee. 6. To the licensing examination system the Computerized Adaptive Testing system should be introduced in order to enhance the efficiencies. 7. Security enhancement on the stored items should be reminded in order to prevent leaking out the banking items. 8. Much more improvements should be made for the proper job evaluations. 9. Every efforts should be given to prevent cheatings encountable during the examinations. 10. Make the best of professional volunteers from the various fields in the execution of licensing examinations. 11. Consider a new system in that examinations can be executed twice or more in a year. 12. The current methods of presiding over the examinations should be replaced by a more reasonable one. 13. The results of the examinations should be announced as soon as possible in order not to prolong the examinees' unemployment periods. 14. The National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board should try to rationalize the management keeping step with the information-oriented society.

Comparison of Perioperative Renal Function Between Epidural and Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia After Living-Donor Hepatectomy: A Retrospective Study

Ham, S.Y.,Kim, E.J.,Kim, T.H.,Koo, B.-N. Elsevier 2018 Transplantation proceedings Vol.50 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Sympathetic blockade associated with epidural analgesia was reported to be a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) following liver resection. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of AKI after living-donor hepatectomies according to the type of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 316 patients after living-donor hepatectomy were retrospectively analyzed; 148 patients in the epidural PCA group and 168 patients in the intravenous (IV) PCA group were evaluated. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL, ie, 1.5-fold from the baseline, or a reduction in the urine output in the first 48 hours after surgery, based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors for AKI after living-donor hepatectomy.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except the age. Volumes of fluids and colloids administered intraoperatively were greater in the epidural PCA group (<I>P</I> < .001 and <I>P</I> = .006, respectively). The incidence of AKI did not show significant differences between the 2 groups (8.1% vs 7.1%; <I>P</I> = .747). In multivariate analysis, preoperative serum alanine transaminase level ≥50 U/L was identified as a risk factor for postoperative AKI. However, epidural PCA failed to be a risk factor for postoperative AKI.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>The type of PCA did not affect the incidence of postoperative AKI after living-donor hepatectomy. Despite significant differences in the postoperative hemodynamics, the incidence of AKI was similar between 2 groups.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sympathetic blockade associated with epidural analgesia has been reported to be a risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) following liver resection. </LI> <LI> Perioperative fluid balances, hemodynamics, and postoperative serum creatinine level showed significant differences according to the type of PCA in patients undergoing living-donor hepatectomy. </LI> <LI> Although the type of PCA might affect perioperative renal function and hemodynamics, it did not have an effect on the occurrence of AKI in patients undergoing living-donor hepatectomy. </LI> </UL> </P>

Analysis of etching mechanism and etched slope control of silicon for nanoimprinting lithography.

Ham, Y-H,Kim, Y,Baek, K-H,Do, L M,Kwon, K-H,Park, K-B American Scientific Publishers 2011 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.11 No.7

<P>In the nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process, profile control of imprint masters is a very important task. Therefore, we attempted to control the etched slope of imprint masters as a function of adding O2 to CF4 plasma. Etched profile mechanisms and relationships between the etch kinetics and plasma chemistry were explored using zero-dimensional-based modeling. O2 flow rate increased to 24 sccm, the Si etch rate increased in the range of 186-393 nm/min, while the etch rate rapidly decreased as the O2 flow rate increases beyond 24 sccm. Meanwhile, change in the etch rate of SiO2 followed a similar tendency as the etch rate of Si as a function of O2 flow rate in the CF4/O2 mixing gases. The Si and SiO2 etch rate were expected to be closely dependent on the F radical intensity in CF4/O2 mixing gases. Moreover, the results of simulated normalized lateral etch critical dimension (NLECD) are in agreement with the measured NLECD as a function of O2 flow rate in the CF4/O2 mixing gases.</P>