Reconsidering the Hierarchy and Translation of “Physical Education/Sports” Related Terms: Taiwan Perspective

Jeffrey Yu,Jun Lian,Ruei-Hong Li,Chen-Sin Hung,Dong-Tai Chen,Yu-Kai Chang 대한운동학회 2024 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives In the past centuries, the concept of “physical education” has changed from a more general concepts including physical activities and sports, to specifically inferring “instruction of physical activity”. Instead, “sports” has become the comprehensive concept of sports, exercise, and physical education. Given to the inconsistent terminologies and English translations of “體育 (ti-yu)” (physical education) and “運 動 (yun-dong)” (sports or exercise) in Mandarin, the purpose of this study was to investigate in the current terminology usage, hierarchy, and the English translation of “體育 (ti-yu)” and “運動 (yun-dong)” in Taiwan. Met hods Three government authorities, two sport related universities, eight top sport and exercise journals, and nighty-six college departments in Taiwan were analyzed. Results “運動 (yun-dong)” was the most widely used terminology as “體育 (ti-yu)” occupied the majority usage among government authorities, sport related universities, and title of top sport and exercise journals. Regarding English translation, despite of “department of physical education”, “sports” remained the most common terminology. Moreover, “體育 (ti-yu)” and “sports” are the highest hierarchy among government authorities, and sport related university; “體育 (ti-yu)” and “physical education” are the highest hierarchy among traditional sport and exercise journals; “運動 (yun-dong)” and “sports” are the highest hierarchy among college departments also the mainstream of current translation and hierarchy. Conclusions “體育 (ti-yu)” was the highest hierarchy in the past. However, “運動 (yun-dong)” has been the mainstream of the highest hierarchy in Mandarin according to college departments. In English, “sport(s)” is the main term in Taiwan when translating “體育 (ti-yu)” and 運動 (yun-dong)”, also being the highest hierarchy. On the other hand, “體育 (ti-yu)” and “physical education” are utilized regarding those departments focusing on educating PE teachers. This study expects the terminology, English translations, and hierarchy being align with the mainstream of current translation and hierarchy in the future.

인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 호모시스테인 농도와 만성 합병증과의 관계

이태희,정민영,이대호,정동진,이연상,김정민,조동혁,천남일,신현호 대한내과학회 2000 대한내과학회지 Vol.59 No.2

Background : Elevated plasma homocysteine is a recently-recognized independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), plasma homocysteine concentration was reported to be elevated in association with nephropathy. However, inconsistent results were reported about the association with other microvascular complications. Methods : To determine the relationship between plasma homocysteine and the development of chronic diabetic microvascular complications, fasting plasma homocysteine, glycemic control, lipid and lipoprotein levels, vitamin status, renal function test, and chronic diabetic microvascular complications were assessed in 101 patients with NIDDM in the present study. Results : There was no difference in the plasma levels of homocysteine by sex, age, status of sugar control, duration of diabetes, other cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with diabetic microangiopathy had higher plasma homocysteine concentrations than those without diabetic microangiopathy. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between amount of urinary albumin excretion and plasma homocysteine level (p=0.004, r=0.357). However, multivariate analysis showed that only serum creatinine (β=0.635) was independently associated with plasma homocysteine level in NIDDM patients. The increase in plasma homocysteine was not shown to increase the risk of diabetic microvascular complications independently on multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion : In conclusion, decrease of renal function is an independent determinant of plasma homocysteine level and higher plasma homocysteine is associated to diabetic microangiopathy. But an increase in plasma homocysteine in patients with NIDDM is not independently associated with diabetic microvascular complications considering renal function. Therefore, the renal function should be considered in study about relationship between plasma homocysteine level and the development and/or progression of chronic diabetic microvascular coplications in diabetic patients.(Korean J Med 59:174-182, 2000)

농촌 사생화 활동과 농촌 관광 발전에 대한 주민 인지 및 태도 연구: 아장고촌(峨莊古村)을 중심으로

우동명 ( Dong-ming Yu ),장푸천 ( Fu-chen Zhang ),강태호 ( Tai-ho Kang ) 대한관광경영학회 2016 觀光硏究 Vol.31 No.4

중국 산동성 중부 산간에 위치하고 있는 아장고촌은 전통 농촌마을로서 오랫동안 축적되어 온 자연과 인문환경의 특색을 잘 간직하고 있어 관광객과 예술가들이 자주 찾아가는 곳이다. 본 연구는 농촌을 대상으로 하는 사생화 활동이 관광 발전에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 수행하였다. 연구 방법은 경제, 사회, 생태, 문화 등 마을의 관광 발전에 영향을 미치는 18 가지 지표를 선정하고 현장조사와 설문조사를 통해 사생화 활동이 마을 관광 발전에 미치는 영향에 대한 마을주민들의 인지와 태도를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 마을주민의 성별, 연령, 문화 수준, 가계소득 등 인구학적 특징의 차이에 따라 사생화 활동과 관광 발전에 대한 인지와 태도가 다르게 나타났지만 전체적으로는 긍정적으로 나타나 마을주민이 예술인 및 관광객과 조화롭게 지낼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 부정적인 측면으로 나타난 마을주민의 ``냉담``, ``걱정, ``반대`` 등 소극적인 태도를 효과적으로 감소시키기 위한 정책 방향 제시에 유용한 자료가 된다. Ancient villages are attractive places to the artists and tourists for their unique natural and cultural heritage. This research investigates the ancient villages locate in E’zhuang Town, a mountainous area in middle-Shandong Province, which are the national-renowned destination for artistic sketch and rural tourism. The research adopts methods of field survey, questionnaire and interview. 18 economic, social, ecological and cultural indexes are selected for the investigation of local residents’ perceptions and attitudes towards the development of sketch base and rural tourism industry. Based on the research, the paper explores the differences in perceptions and attitudes among local residents with different demographic features such as gender, age, education level and family income etc. The results show that the common attitude is positive which means local residents are willing to contact and be in harmony with the painters and tourists. The research will do some help to promote the formulation of policies for the related decision-makers to avoid or shorten the apathy, annoyance or even antagonism Stage.

Comparison of field measurement and computer simulation on ammonia volatilized from a paddy soil applied with normal urea and coated urea

Ki-Do Park,Dong-Wook Lee,yong Li,Deli Chen,Chang-Young Park,Weon-Tai Jeon,Ui-Gum Kang,Il-Soo Son,Eul-Soo Yun,Sung-Tae Park 한국토양비료학회 2005 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2005 No.9

The infection status of anisakid larvae in marine fish and cephalopods from the Bohai Sea, China and their taxonomical consideration

Hong-Wei MA,Tai-Jing JIANG,Fu-Shi QUAN,Xiao-Guang CHEN,Hui-dong WANG,Yun-Shu ZHANG,Ming-Shan CUI,Wen-Yan ZHI,Dian-Chen JIANG 대한기생충학열대의학회 1997 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.35 No.1

Excessive mechanical strain accelerates intervertebral disc degeneration by disrupting intrinsic circadian rhythm

Ding Sheng-Long,Zhang Tai-Wei,Zhang Qi-Chen,Ding Wang,Li Ze-Fang,Han Guan-Jie,Bai Jin-Song,Li Xi-Lei,Dong Jian,Wang Hui-Ren,Jiang Li-Bo 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Night shift workers with disordered rhythmic mechanical loading are more prone to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our results showed that circadian rhythm (CR) was dampened in degenerated and aged NP cells. Long-term environmental CR disruption promoted IDD in rats. Excessive mechanical strain disrupted the CR and inhibited the expression of core clock proteins. The inhibitory effect of mechanical loading on the expression of extracellular matrix genes could be reversed by BMAL1 overexpression in NP cells. The Rho/ROCK pathway was demonstrated to mediate the effect of mechanical stimulation on CR. Prolonged mechanical loading for 12 months affected intrinsic CR genes and induced IDD in a model of upright posture in a normal environment. Unexpectedly, mechanical loading further accelerated the IDD in an Light-Dark (LD) cycle-disrupted environment. These results indicated that intrinsic CR disruption might be a mechanism involved in overloading-induced IDD and a potential drug target for night shift workers.

Bupivacaine에 의한 지주막하강 마취의 임상적 연구

김용호,김완식,김태성,유희구,이광식,황영희,정춘근,박동호,전세웅 대한마취과학회 1985 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.18 No.4

Several methods for the management of intractable pain for various conditions including malignant disorders, herpes zoster, and low back pain and/or sciatica in 80 patients were described and analyzed. Neurolytic blodks of celiac plexus were given to the patienta suffering from intra-abdominal pain from malignant origin or chronic pancreatitis. Herpes zoster was treated mainly by chemical sympathectomy via paravertebral route and occassionaly corticosteroid was administered epidurally with the local anesthetic, bupivacaine. All the patients with low back pain and/or sciatica were given epidural corticosteroid one to three times. Other peripheral verve blocks and regional corticosteroid therapy were given to the rest of the patients. Fair to excellent result was obtained in 71% of the patients but the response was poor in the remaining 28% of the patients. It seems that the earlier the patients were referred to the pain clinic, the better the results were.

Deficiency of optineurin enhances osteoclast differentiation by attenuating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response

Xue Peng,Hu Xiangxiang,Chang Emily,Wang Lufei,Chen Minghui,Wu Tai-Hsien,Lee Dong-Joon,Foster Brian L.,Tseng Henry C.,Ko Ching-Chang 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Abnormally increased resorption contributes to bone degenerative diseases such as Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) through unclear mechanisms. Recently, the optineurin (OPTN) gene has been implicated in PDB, and global OPTN knockout mice ( Optn −/− ) were shown to exhibit increased formation of osteoclasts (osteoclastogenesis). Growing evidence, including our own, has demonstrated that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) can act as signaling molecules to promote osteoclastogenesis. Here, we report that OPTN interacts with nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, defining a pathway through which RANKL-induced ROS could be regulated for osteoclastogenesis. In this study, monocytes from Optn −/− and wild-type ( Optn +/+ ) mice were utilized to differentiate into osteoclasts, and both qRT-PCR and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining showed that the Optn −/− monocytes exhibited enhanced osteoclastogenesis compared to the Optn +/+ cells. CellROX ® staining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting indicated that OPTN deficiency reduced the basal expression of Nrf2 , inhibited the expression of NRF2-responsive antioxidants, and increased basal and RANKL-induced intracellular ROS levels, leading to enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) showed direct interaction, and immunofluorescence staining showed perinuclear colocalization of the OPTN-NRF2 granular structures during differentiation. Finally, curcumin and the other NRF2 activators attenuated the hyperactive osteoclastogenesis induced by OPTN deficiency. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel OPTN-mediated mechanism for regulating the NRF2-mediated antioxidant response in osteoclasts and extend the therapeutic potential of OPTN in the aging process resulting from ROS-triggered oxidative stress, which is associated with PDB and many other degenerative diseases.

Causal Relations between Exposome and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Hong-Qi Li,Yi-Wei Feng,Yu-Xiang Yang,Xin-Yi Leng,Prof Can Zhang,Shi-Dong Chen,Kevin Kuo,Shu-Yi Huang,Xue-Qing Zhang,Yi Dong,Xiang Han,Xin Cheng,Mei Cui,Lan Tan,Qiang Dong,Jin-Tai Yu 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2

Background and Purpose To explore the causal relationships of elements of the exposome with ischemic stroke and its subtypes at the omics level and to provide evidence for stroke prevention. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization study between exposure and any ischemic stroke (AIS) and its subtypes (large-artery atherosclerotic disease [LAD], cardioembolic stroke [CE], and small vessel disease [SVD]). The exposure dataset was the UK Biobank involving 361,194 subjects, and the outcome dataset was the MEGASTROKE consortium including 52,000 participants. Results We found that higher blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP: odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.04; diastolic BP: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; pulse pressure: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.25), and diabetes (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.18) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Importantly, higher education (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.79) decreased the risk of ischemic stroke. Higher systolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10), pulse pressure (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14), diabetes (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45), and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.00) could cause LAD. Atrial fibrillation could cause CE (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.71 to 2.11). For SVD, higher systolic BP (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07), diastolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.12), and diabetes (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.36) were causal factors. Conclusions The study revealed elements of the exposome causally linked to ischemic stroke and its subtypes, including conventional causal risk factors and novel protective factors such as higher education.