담배 니코틴에 의한 사람 태아 성상세포에서 종양괴사인자(TNF-α)의 발현 억제작용

손일홍,이성익,양현덕,한선정,석승한,이재규,김재현,박주영,문형인,이성수,Son, Il-Hong,Lee, Sung-Ik,Yang, Hyun-Duk,Han, Sun-Jung,Suk, Seung-Han,Lee, Jai-Kyoo,Kim, Jae-Hyun,Park, Joo-Young,Moon, Hyung-In,Lee, Sung-Soo 대한화학회 2007 대한화학회지 Vol.51 No.3

니코틴은 사람 대식세포에서 interleukin 2 (IL-2)와 종양괴사인자 (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TNF-α) 가 생성되는 것을 억제하는데, 이러한 억제작용은 cytokine 유전자 발현 중 전사단계에서 전사인자의 활성을 억제함으로써 일어난다. 이러한 니코틴의 면역반응 억제작용은 아프타성궤양 및 궤양성대장염, 알레르기성폐 포염, 건초열 등에서도 보고되고 있다. 만일 중추신경계에서도 위와 같은 니코틴의 면역억제 작용이 일어난 다면 다발성경화증과 같은 면역반응 매개질환의 치료에 새로운 전기가 마련될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서 는 중추신경계의 여러 면역반응 매개질환의 병태생리에 대한 이해를 넓히고자, 이미 알려진 니코틴의 cytokine 생성억제가 사람 중추신경계의 성상세포에서도 일어남을 확인하고 그 억제기전을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위 하여 사람 태아 성상세포에 다양한 농도의 니코틴과 IL-1β를 처리한 다음 TNF-α mRNA의 발현 정도와 NF- κB의 활성을 비교, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 사람 태아 성상세포를 0.1-20 μg/ml의 니코틴으로 처리해 본 결과 10 μg/ml 이상의 농도에서 세포독성능이 나타나기 시작하였다. 2. 사람 태아 성상세포에 IL- 1β를 처리하면 2시간만에 TNF-α mRNA가 최대로 발현되었으며 그 이후로는 점진적으로 감소하였다. 3. 사 람 태아 성상세포를 1 및 0.1 μg/ml의 니코틴으로 전처리한 후 IL-1β로 자극한 군에서는 IL-1β 단독 처리군에 비해 TNF-α mRNA의 발현이 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 1 μg/ml의 니코틴을 처리한 경우에는 8시간 이후부터 TNF-α mRNA의 발현이 현저하게 감소하여 12시간에 최대로 감소하였다. 또한 0.1 μg/ml의 니코틴을 처리한 군에서는 24시간에 가장 현저하게 감소하였다. 4. 성상세포에 IL-1β로 처리한 군에서는 강력한 NF-κB의 활성 을 확인할 수 있었으며, 니코틴을 전처리하고 IL-1β 자극한 군에서는 NF-B의 활성이 감소하였다. 결론적으로 일정농도 이상의 니코틴은 세포독성효과를 나타내나 적정한 농도와 시간 경과후 니코틴은 사람 태아 성상세포에서 IL-1β에 의해 유도되는 TNF-α의 발현 감소를 유도하며, 이는 NF-κB의 활성을 감소시킴으로써 나타난다고 생각된다. The Tumor necrosis factor-α, (TNF-α), is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and contributes to the degeneration of oligodendrocytes as well as neurons. Nicotine has been found to have immunosuppressive and inflammation-suppressing effects. Astrocytes, the major glial cells in the CNS, are capable of producing TNF-α at both the mRNA and protein levels in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) or TNF-α. Nicotine has been shown to influence glial cell functions. To order to explore the role of astrocytes in the production of TNF-α, astrocytes were pretreated with nicotine and are stimulated with IL-1β to determine their effects on TNF-α production. The results are as follows. Cytotoxic effects of nicotine on human fetal astrocytes were noted above 10 μg/ml of nicotine. The effect of IL-1β on TNF-α mRNA expression in primary cultured human fetal astrocytes was maximal at 2 h after IL- 1β(100 pg/ml) treatment. Human fetal astrocytes were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml of nicotine and then stimulated with IL-1β (100 pg/ml) for 2 h. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on expressions of TNF-α mRNA in human fetal astrocytes with pretreated 0.1 μg/ml of nicotine is first noted at 8 hr, and the inhibitory effect is maximal at 12 h. The inhibitory effect at 1 μg/ml of nicotine is inhibited maximal at 24 h. Nicotine at 0.1, 1 and 10 μg/ml concentrations significantly inhibits IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation. Collectively, this study indicates that nicotine might inhibit the expression of TNF-α in activated human fetal astrocytes.

Nicotine Suppresses TNF-${\alpha}$ Expression in Human Fetal Astrocyte through the Modulation of Nuclear Factor-${\kappa}B$ Activation

Son, Il-Hong,Park, Yong-Hoon,Yang, Hyun-Duk,Lee, Sung-Ik,Han, Sun-Jung,Lee, Jai-Kyoo,Ha, Dae-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Won,Park, Joo-Young,Lee, Sung-Soo The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2008 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.4 No.2

Parkinson's disease (PD) progresses severely by a gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Epidemiological studies showed that the incidences of PD were reduced by smoking of which the major component, nicotine might be neuroprotective. But the function of nicotine, which might suppress the incidences of PD, is still unknown. Fortunately, recently it was reported that a glial reaction and inflammatory processes might participate in a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ synthesised by astrocytes and microglia are elevated in striatum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in PD. TNF-${\alpha}$ kills the cultured dopaminergic neurons through the apoptosis mechanism. TNF-${\alpha}$ release from glial cells may mediate progression of nigral degeneration in PD. Nicotine pretreatment considerably decreases microglial activation with significant reduction of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression and TNF-${\alpha}$ release induced by lipopholysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Thus, this study was intended to explore the role of nicotine pretreatment to inhibit the expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in human fetal astrocytes (HFA) stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$. The results are as follows: HFA were pretreated with 0.1, 1, and $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine and then stimulated with IL-$1{\beta}$ (100 pg/mL) for 2h. The inhibitory effect of nicotine on expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in HFA with pretreated $0.1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was first noted at 8hr, and the inhibitory effect was maximal at 12 h. The inhibitory effect at $1{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine was inhibited maximal at 24 h. Cytotoxic effects of nicotine were noted above $10{\mu}g/mL$ of nicotine. Moreover, Nicotine at 0.1, 1 and $10{\mu}g/mL$concentrations significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced TF-${\kappa}B$ activation. Collectively, these results indicate that in activated HFA, nicotine may inhibit the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA through the pathway which suppresses the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. This study suggests that nicotine might be neuroprotective to dopaminergic neurons in the SN and reduce the incidences of PD.

골수이식 후 사이토카인과 골교체 생화학적표지자의 변화 및 상관관계

민우성,강무일,한제호,강성구,오기원,이원영,김혜수,문성대,손현식,신완식,김춘추,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.1

Background : Loss of bone mass is usually detected after BMT. The causes of bone loss are related with gonadal dysfunction and immunosuppressants. Cytokines, especially IL-6, play an important role in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the pathogenetic role of cytokines in post-BMT bone loss is unknown and data on the changes of cytokines in accordance with bone turnover markers are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of bone turnover markers and cytokines of peripheral blood and bone marrow before and after allogeneic BMT. Methods : This prospective study included two analyses. The first was a study of 46 BMT recipients, examining the relationship between bone turnover markers and cytokines of serum which were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4 week and 3 months after BMT. The second was a study of 14 BMT patients, measuring bone marrow plasma cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-? at post-BMT 3 week and bone turnover marker at the same time to assess the relationship beween two parameters. Results : Serum ICTP, bone resorption marker, increased progressively until 4 weeks (peak) after BMT and then decreased thereafter. Serum osteocalcin, bone formation marker, decreased progressively until 3 weeks after BMT and then increased thereafter. There was positive correlation between serum ICTP and bone marrow IL-6 levels at the post-BMT 3 week with a statistical significance, but the correlation between bone turnover markers and bone marrow TNF-? or peripheral blood cytokines was not found. Conclusion : Our data suggest that the progressive increase of bone resorption after BMT is related with the increase of bone marrow IL-6, which is a potent stimulator of bone resorption in vivo(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 15:85-96, 2000).

人工 初期 琺瑯質 우식유발에 關한 組織 生化學的 比較 實驗 硏究

손일수,김용기 大韓小兒齒科學會 1990 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Three chemical systems,1) Hydroxyethyl Cellulose System2) Lactate Buffer System containing MHDP 3) Lactate Buffer System withoutMHDP, to produce early enamel carious lesions were investigated in the present study. Sound premolars(n=60), extracted for orthodontic reasons, were evenly divided into three groups and demineralized for 1,4,7 days in each different caries medium. Quantitative chemical analyses of released Ca & P amounts in aliquots and histological examination of sectioned samples were conducted by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, spectrophotometry and polarizing light microscopy respectively. The release patterm of Ca & P determined showed similarity in general tgroughout experimental periods both in cumulative amount and increment. The largest increment was seen in 1-4 day-interval and sudden decrease in 4-7 day-interval. Although histological feature examined by polarizing microscope showed some variations from specimen to specimen, the lesions produced from HEC and MHDP group showed the apparently intact surface zone characterristics of the early carious lesion whereas they could not be seen in the system containing lactic acid only. Lesion depth of all groups showed linear relationship with demineralization time. Microhardness values measured at the point of 30mm away form the surface enamel layer was seen to be greatly lower then those of the inner sound enamel layer.

수종의 불소 적용법이 정상법랑질과 인공 우식법랑질의 재석회화와 불소섭취에 미치는 영향에 관한 비교연구

손일수,김용기 大韓小兒齒科學會 1994 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

The purposes of this study were to analyze the effect of fluoride in vitro on the remineralization of artificial carious enamel by several pre-determined regimen and also to compare the degree of fluoride uptake into normal and carious enamel during those processes by quantitative analysis. The results from the present study can be summarized as follows: 1. Analyses of fluoride uptake in various enamel samples after treatments were performed by enamel biopsy technique. Results showed general increase of fluoride level in all groups except group I. Evidence of greater affinity of fluoride to carious enamel over normal enamel was also shown in all three fluoride-treated groups. 2. Under polarizing light microscope, remineralization phenomena of artificial carious enamel were found in most of observed sample sections in varying degree. Samples in group ⅳ did not show any significant recovery of lesion whereas two fluoride treated groups(groupⅡandⅢ) showed remarkable evidences of remineralization with significant reduction in lesion depth and positive birefringence. Group 1 revealed mild to moderate degree og remineralization in the deeper layer of lesion body. 3. Line scan analyses through EPMA showed superior recovery of Ca/P intensity in group II and III to group I and IV, supporting the results of histological evaluation. 4. The significant increase of microhardness values over those of contro lesion could be found in depth of about 85㎛ to 135㎛ of lesion. Samples in group IV had the lowest increment in hardness, while those in group II showed the larger increment than the other groups. 5. Evidence of remineralization observed on enamel surfaces through scanning electron microscope were revealed as a general reduction in surface porosity along with some degree of surface deposits of crystal-like materials.

Cone beam CT를 이용한 안면골격형태에 따른 상기도 공간 분석

김용일,김성식,손우성,박수병 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.3

상기도 공간은 3차원 입체 구조물로서 두부규격방사선사진 등으로 분석하기에는 평가의 한계가 존재하였다. 본 연구는 최근 방사선 피폭량 등의 감소로 그 활용도가 높아진 cone beam CT (CBCT)를 이용하여 안면골격형태에 따른 상기도 공간의 면적, 전후방 폭경 및 측방 폭경을 측정하고 그 관련성을 알아보았다. 102명을 대상으로 CBCT (VCT, Vatech, Seoul, Korea)를 촬영하였으며, FH plane에 평행하면서 aa point (the most anterior point on the anterior arch of atlas), CV_(2ia), CV_(3ia) point (most infero-anterior point on the body of the second & third cervical vertebra)를 지나는 평면을 기준으로 설정하였다. 각 항목의 계측치는 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 통계처리하고 Duncan test로 사후검정하였다. 연구 결과, 안면 골격형태에 따른 측방 폭경에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. Group 2 (Class II) 집단은 aa plane, CV₂ plane, CV₃ plane에 의해 형성된 상기도 공간의 단면적이 좁았으며, 전후방 폭경도 Group 3 (Class III)에 비해 유의성 있게 좁았다. 수직 안면골격형태와 정상 안면골격 형태간의 유의성 있는 차이는 없었으나, aa plane에서 형성된 상기도 공간의 전후방 폭경은 Group 1V (Class I vertical)가 Group 1N (Class I normal)에 비해 유의성 있게 좁은 것으로 나타났다 (p < 0.05). Objective: CBCT has become popular for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning in recent times. The 3D pharyngeal airway space needs to be analysed using a 3D diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was to analyse the pharyngeal airway of different craniofacial morphology using CBCT. Methods: The sample compromised 102 subjects divided into 3 groups (Class I, II, III) and 6 subgroups according to normal or vertical craniofacial patterns. All samples had CBCT (VCT, Vatech, Seoul, Korea) taken for orthodontic treatment. The pharyngeal airway was assessed according to the reference planes: aa plane (the most anterior point on the anterior arch of atlas), CV₂ plane, and CV₃ plane (most infero-anterior point on the body of the second & third cervical vertebra). The intergroup comparison was performed with one-way ANOVA and duncan test as a second step. Results: The results showed the pharyngeal airway and anteroposterior width of group 2 (Class II) in aa plane, CV₂ plane, CV₃ plane were significant narrower than in group 3 (Class III). There was no significant difference between vertical and normal craniofacial patterns except for the anteroposterior pharyngeal width of Group 1 (Class I) in aa plane. Conclusions: Subjects with Class II patterns have a significantly narrower pharyngeal airway than those with Class III. However there was no difference in pharyngeal airway between vertical and normal craniofacial morphology.

유착치의 교정치료 : 골절단술과 치조골 신장술의 적용

김용일,김성식,손우성,박수병 대한치과교정학회 2009 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.39 No.3

치아 유착은 손상에 의해서 치조골과 상아질 또는 백악질이 유합된 상태로, 외상, 내분비 질환, 쇄골 두개 이형성증 등의 선천성 기형 또는 원인 불명의 맹출 장애 등이 원인으로 알려져 있다. 유착 치아로 인해 인접치의 경사, 공간상실 및 대합치의 정출이 나타날 수 있고, 성장기 아동에서 유착이 발생한 경우 치조골의 발육 부전을 야기할 수 있으며, 특히 상악 전치부에 이환되면 심각한 심미적 문제를 초래하게 된다. 따라서 유착이 의심되면, 병력 청취와 타진 및 방사선 사진 상의 치근막 공간 평가, 또는 가장 직접적이고 확실한 방법인 교정력을 직접 적용해 보는 방법을 통해 정확한 진단을 내려야 한다. 통상적으로 치료는 유착된 치아의 발거, 자가 치아이식, 외과적 탈구, 수술적 방법을 통한 재위치술 등을 선택하게 된다. 그 중, 수술적 방법을 통한 재위치술은 유착치의 발거 시 상당한 골소실이 예상될 때 시행할 수 있으며, 단일치아 골절단술과 치조골 신장술이 대표적이다. 본 보고에서는 이러한 수술적 방법으로 상악 전치부의 유착치를 심미적으로 치료한 증례를 소개하고자 한다. Tooth anklylosis is defined as the adhesion state of alveolar bone to dentin or cementum. Trauma, disturbed metabolic disease, and congenital disease have been given as etiologic factors. Complications of tooth ankylosis are tipping of the neighboring teeth, space loss, and supraeruption of the opposing teeth. Particularly if dental ankylosis occurs in maxillary incisors of a growing child, the ankylosed tooth can not move vertically with subsequent disturbance in vertical growth of the alveolar process. With an appropriate treatment approach, an esthetic condition must be achieved especially in the maxillary anterior region. In this report, two cases are presented which were treated by the surgical repositioning method. One is treated by alveolar bone distraction osteogenesis which used a tooth-borne type distraction device and the other by single tooth osteotomy.

天安삼거리公園基本計劃에 關한 硏究

安奉遠,李錫孫,姜喆基,林秀眞,金恩一 경희대학교 1988 造景論叢 Vol.1 No.1

The goal of this study is to propose a plan for the construction of Chonan Samgori park. Present this park is designated a neighborhood park of Chonan city. This park is located on the point of traditionally important traffic point linked to Samnam province. And, this place is where the perspective experience of history and culture, which is a unique folk related activities. The site which covers about 96,000㎡is located about 4 km from the cityhall of Chonan city. This basic idea of this plan is to reconstruct the ancient culture and traditional way of life which is rapidly disappearing, to offer the place of education of vernacular culture, to give the recreation place to be a center where city dwellers release and enjoy. Facilities of this park are divided into five groups according to function such as support facilities, folk facilities, play facilities, educational and cultural facilities, and landscape facilities. Design principles are established as follows; to provide the folk park with identity, effectively to admit the folk-related activities, to maintain a functional linkage between facilities. The frame works for final master plan are Landuse plan, Circulation plan, Planting Plan, Facility plan.

소뇌 출혈을 동반한 침입성 부비동 아스페르길루스증 1예

양현덕,박성욱,손일홍,이지용,석승한,조광호,이성수 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2003 圓光醫科學 Vol.18 No.2

참돔(Pagrus major) Interleunkin 7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα) 유전자의 분자유전학적 특성 및 발현분석

손민영(Min-Young SON),최광민(Kwang-Min CHOI),주민수(Min-Soo JOO),박찬일(Chan-Il PARK) 한국수산해양교육학회 2020 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.32 No.2