Medullary sponge kidney on retrograde pyelography

Tsung-Yi Huang,Jih-Pin Lin,Shu-Pin Huang 전남대학교 의과학연구소 2014 전남의대학술지 Vol.50 No.1

A woman aged 31 had recurrent urinary tract infection with bloody urine. A series imageof medullary sponge kidney presented by intravenous urography (IVU) was detecteddynamically by retrograde pyelography (RP). Other than ultrasonography and IVU,RP is also a reliable method to detect medullary sponge kidney.

Causal Relations between Exposome and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Hong-Qi Li,Yi-Wei Feng,Yu-Xiang Yang,Xin-Yi Leng,Prof Can Zhang,Shi-Dong Chen,Kevin Kuo,Shu-Yi Huang,Xue-Qing Zhang,Yi Dong,Xiang Han,Xin Cheng,Mei Cui,Lan Tan,Qiang Dong,Jin-Tai Yu 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.2

Background and Purpose To explore the causal relationships of elements of the exposome with ischemic stroke and its subtypes at the omics level and to provide evidence for stroke prevention. Methods We conducted a Mendelian randomization study between exposure and any ischemic stroke (AIS) and its subtypes (large-artery atherosclerotic disease [LAD], cardioembolic stroke [CE], and small vessel disease [SVD]). The exposure dataset was the UK Biobank involving 361,194 subjects, and the outcome dataset was the MEGASTROKE consortium including 52,000 participants. Results We found that higher blood pressure (BP) (systolic BP: odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.04; diastolic BP: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; pulse pressure: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.06), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.25), and diabetes (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.18) were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Importantly, higher education (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60 to 0.79) decreased the risk of ischemic stroke. Higher systolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.10), pulse pressure (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14), diabetes (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.45), and coronary artery disease (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.00) could cause LAD. Atrial fibrillation could cause CE (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.71 to 2.11). For SVD, higher systolic BP (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.07), diastolic BP (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.12), and diabetes (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.36) were causal factors. Conclusions The study revealed elements of the exposome causally linked to ischemic stroke and its subtypes, including conventional causal risk factors and novel protective factors such as higher education.

Dysregulated Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Exacerbates Colonic Adenoma Formation in ApcMin/+ Mice: Relation to Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition

Yi-Wen Huang,Chien-Wei Lin,Pan Pan,Carla Elena Echeveste,Athena Dong,Kiyoko Oshima,Martha Yearsley,Jianhua Yu,Li-Shu Wang 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.1

Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in colon cancer development. The current study investigated the effects of FFAR2 signaling on energy metabolism and gut microbiota profiling in a colorectal cancer mouse model (ApcMin/+). Ffar2 deficiency promoted colonic polyp development and enhanced fatty acid oxidation and bile acid metabolism. Gut microbiome sequencing analysis showed distinct clustering among wild-type, ApcMin/+, and ApcMin/+-Ffar2-/- mice. The relative abundance of Flavobacteriaceae and Verrucomicrobiaceae was significantly increased in the ApcMin/+-Ffar2-/- mice compared to the ApcMin/+ mice. In addition, knocking-down FFAR2 in the human colon cancer cell lines (SW480 and HT29) resulted in increased expression of several key enzymes in fatty acid oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, longchain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain, and hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase, alpha subunit. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Ffar2 deficiency significantly altered profiles of fatty acid metabolites and gut microbiome, which might promote colorectal cancer development.

Myricetin Inhibits the Release of Glutamate in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals

Yi Chang,Chia-Ying Chang,Su-Jane Wang,Shu-Kuei Huang 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Journal of medicinal food Vol.18 No.5

The excessive release of glutamate is a critical element in the neuropathology of acute and chronic brain disorders. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with a neuroprotective profile, on endogenous glutamate release in the nerve terminals (synaptosomes) of the rat cerebral cortex. The release of glutamate was evoked by the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and measured by one-line enzyme-coupled fluorometric assay. We also used a membrane potential-sensitive dye to assay the synaptosomal plasma membrane potential, and a Ca2 + indicator Fura-2 to monitor cytosolic Ca2 + concentrations ([Ca2 + ]C). Results show that myricetin inhibited 4-AP-evoked glutamate release, and this effect was prevented by chelating extracellular Ca2 + ions and the vesicular transporter inhibitor bafilomycin A1. However, the glutamate transporter inhibitor dl-threo-beta-benzyl-oxyaspartate had no effect on myricetin action. Myricetin did not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential, but decreased 4-APinduced increases in the cytosolic free Ca2 + concentration. Furthermore, the myricetin effect on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was prevented by blocking the Cav2.2 (N-type) and Cav2.1 (P/Q-type) channels, but not by blocking intracellular Ca2 + release. These results suggest that myricetin inhibits glutamate release from cerebrocortical synaptosomes by attenuating voltage-dependent Ca2 + entry. This implies that the inhibition of glutamate release is an important pharmacological activity of myricetin that may play a critical role in the apparent clinical efficacy of this compound.

Studying the Strain Effect on Silicon Atomic Wires

Shu-Tong Chang,Shu-Hui Liao,Hsiao-Chun Huang,Chee-Wee Liu,Chung-Yi Lin 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.6

The transport properties of a Si3 atomic wire system, which is formed by a Si3 cluster connected to two lithium electrodes with bias applied, is studied using the simulator Virtual NanoLab that is constructed based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) scheme. We investigated the Si3 atomic wire system under three strain conditions (tensile, compressive and shear). Different trends in the I-V characteristics are observed for the three cases at various applied biases. The transmission spectrum T(E, Vb), as a function of energy and applied biases, are analyzed. The interactions among eigenstates of the molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH) strongly affect the transport properties of the system.

Evolution of ALPPS: The Simpler, Safer and Effective One---TELPP

( Shu You Peng ),( Xu An Wang ),( Cong Yun Huang ),( You Yong Zhang ),( Jiang Tao Li ),( De Fei Hong ),( Xiu Jun Cai ),( Yi Fang Wang ),( Xiao Liang ),( Jian Wei Wang ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Aims: The characteristic of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS) carries high mortality and morbidity. There is room for improvement. We suggest Terminal Branches Portal Vein Embolization (TBPVE) as a way to compart the liver. As a result, only a single surgical operation is required.This method is termed Terminal branches portal vein Embolization Liver Partition Planned hepatectomy (TELPP). Methods: Patients with unresectable primary or metastatic liver tumor were performed with TELPP. The procedure of TELPP was that in addition to PVE, embolization agent was infused to the terminal branches of portal vein of S5,S8 or S4. CT scan was taken one or two weeks later, and standard liver volume(SLV), FLR and FLR/SLV are calculated. Two weeks later when the FLR and liver function is appropriate, open or laparoscopic hepatectomy is performed. Results: The study included 11patients including hepatocellular carcinoma: n =8, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: n = 1, hilarcholangiocarcinoma: n =1, colorectal liver metastasis: n =1. After a waiting period of 14 days, the volume of theFLR had increased from 382mlto 578ml, representing a median volume increase of 51% (range =32.5%-86.7%). Of the 11patients with hepatectomy, right hemihepatectomy (n=2), extended right hemihepatectomy (n=5), right trisecmentectomy(2), extended left hemihepatectomy (n=1) and left trisecmentectomy(1). No patient died, and no serve perioperative morbidity occurred. Conclusions: ALPPS and all modifications need two-stage operations with a high morbidity and mortality rate. It seems that TELPP is very promising. It has the merit of ALPPS as extraordinarily rapid increasement of FLRvolume, yet the morbidity and mortality is much lower, owing to the fact that unlike ALPPS, there is no two liver raw surfaces left behind in the abdominal cavity to produce bile leak, as only single surgical operation is required

Anti-colonic Inflammation by Black Raspberries through Regulating Toll-like Receptor-4 Signaling in Interlukin-10 Knockout Mice

Yi-Wen Huang,Carla Elena Echeveste,Kiyoko Oshima,Jianying Zhang,Martha Yearsley,Jianhua Yu,Li-Shu Wang 대한암예방학회 2020 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.25 No.2

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, with a steadily rising prevalence in Western and newly industrialized countries. UC patients have a cancer incidence as high as 10% after 20 years of the disease. Although the importance of fruits and vegetables in defense against UC is beginning to be appreciated, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, we reported that dietary black raspberries (BRBs) decreased colonic inflammation in the mucosa and submucosa of interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice. We then used colon, spleen, and plasma from those mice to investigate whether BRBs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by correcting dysregulated toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling to downregulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Other studies reported that spleen is the reservoir of macrophages and depletion of macrophages in IL-10 KO mice prevents the development of colitis. Our results showed that BRBs decreased the percentages of macrophages in spleens of IL-10 KO mice. Moreover, mechanistically, the BRB diet corrected dysregulated TLR-4 signaling in cells from the colon and spleen, decreased PGE2 and prostaglandin I2, and increased 15-lipoxygenase and its product, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, in plasma of IL- 10 KO mice. Therefore, we have elucidated one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BRBs, and have identified biomarkers that could be indicators of response in UC patients treated with them. Our findings with BRBs could well apply to many other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.

Development and characterization of a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against capsid protein VP1 of the chicken anemia virus

Yi-Yang Lien,Chi-Hung Huang,Fang-Chun Sun,Shyang-Chwen Sheu,Tsung-Chi Lu,Meng-Shiunn Lee,Shu-Chin Hsueh,Hsi-Jien Chen,Meng-Shiou Lee 대한수의학회 2012 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.13 No.1

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. In this study, a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against the CAV VP1 protein was developed which can precisely recognize the CAV antigen for diagnostic and virus recovery purposes. The VP1 gene of CAV encoding the N-terminus-deleted VP1 protein, VP1Nd129, was cloned into an Escherichia (E.) coli expression vector. After isopropyl-b-D-thiogalactopyronoside induction, VP1Nd129 protein was shown to be successfully expressed in the E. coli. By performing an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay using two coating antigens, purified VP1Nd129 and CAV-infected liver tissue lysate, E3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was found to have higher reactivity against VP1 protein than the other positive clones according to the result of limiting dilution method from 64 clones. Using immunohistochemistry, the presence of the VP1-specific mAb, E3, was confirmed using CAV- infected liver and thymus tissues as positive-infected samples. Additionally, CAV particle purification was also performed using an immunoaffinity column containing E3 mAb. The monoclonal E3 mAb developed in this study will not only be very useful for detecting CAV infection and performing histopathology studies of infected chickens, but may also be used to purify CAV particles in the future.

Antiviral activity of Rheum palmatum methanol extract and chrysophanol against Japanese encephalitis virus

Shu-Jen Chang,Su-Hua Huang,Ying-Ju Lin,Yi-Yun Tsou,Cheng-Wen Lin 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.9

Rheum palmatum, Chinese traditional herb,exhibits a great variety of anti-cancer and anti-virusesproperties. This study rates antiviral activity of R. palmatumextracts and its components against Japanese encephalitisvirus (JEV) in vitro. Methanol extract of R. palmatumcontained higher levels of aloe emodin, chrysophanol, rhein,emodin and physcion than water extract. Methanol extract(IC50 = 15.04 lg/ml) exhibited more potent inhibitoryeffects on JEV plaque reduction than water extract(IC50 = 51.41 lg/ml). Meanwhile, IC50 values determinedby plaque reduction assay were 15.82 lg/ml for chrysophanoland 17.39 lg/ml for aloe-emodin, respectively. Virucidalactivity of agents correlated with anti-JEV activity,while virucidal IC50 values were 7.58 lg/ml for methanolextract, 17.36 lg/ml for water extract, 0.75 lg/ml forchrysophanol and 0.46 lg/ml for aloe-emodin, respectively. In addition, 10 lg/ml of extract, chrysophanol or aloeemodin caused 90 % inhibition of JEV yields in cells andsignificantly activated gamma activated sequence-drivenpromoters. Hence, methanol extract of R. palmatum andchrysophanol with high therapeutic index might be usefulfor development of antiviral agents against JEV.

High-Level Expression of an Aspergillus niger Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase in Pichia Pastoris Through Gene Codon Optimization and Synthesis

( Shu Miao Zhao ),( Jun Huang ),( Chang Yi Zhang ),( Ling Deng ),( Nan Hu ),( Yun Xiang Liang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.3