Reconsidering the Hierarchy and Translation of “Physical Education/Sports” Related Terms: Taiwan Perspective

Jeffrey Yu,Jun Lian,Ruei-Hong Li,Chen-Sin Hung,Dong-Tai Chen,Yu-Kai Chang 대한운동학회 2024 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives In the past centuries, the concept of “physical education” has changed from a more general concepts including physical activities and sports, to specifically inferring “instruction of physical activity”. Instead, “sports” has become the comprehensive concept of sports, exercise, and physical education. Given to the inconsistent terminologies and English translations of “體育 (ti-yu)” (physical education) and “運 動 (yun-dong)” (sports or exercise) in Mandarin, the purpose of this study was to investigate in the current terminology usage, hierarchy, and the English translation of “體育 (ti-yu)” and “運動 (yun-dong)” in Taiwan. Met hods Three government authorities, two sport related universities, eight top sport and exercise journals, and nighty-six college departments in Taiwan were analyzed. Results “運動 (yun-dong)” was the most widely used terminology as “體育 (ti-yu)” occupied the majority usage among government authorities, sport related universities, and title of top sport and exercise journals. Regarding English translation, despite of “department of physical education”, “sports” remained the most common terminology. Moreover, “體育 (ti-yu)” and “sports” are the highest hierarchy among government authorities, and sport related university; “體育 (ti-yu)” and “physical education” are the highest hierarchy among traditional sport and exercise journals; “運動 (yun-dong)” and “sports” are the highest hierarchy among college departments also the mainstream of current translation and hierarchy. Conclusions “體育 (ti-yu)” was the highest hierarchy in the past. However, “運動 (yun-dong)” has been the mainstream of the highest hierarchy in Mandarin according to college departments. In English, “sport(s)” is the main term in Taiwan when translating “體育 (ti-yu)” and 運動 (yun-dong)”, also being the highest hierarchy. On the other hand, “體育 (ti-yu)” and “physical education” are utilized regarding those departments focusing on educating PE teachers. This study expects the terminology, English translations, and hierarchy being align with the mainstream of current translation and hierarchy in the future.

Synthesis of Porous Carbon Supported Palladium Nanoparticle Catalysts by Atomic Layer Deposition: Application for Rechargeable Lithium–O₂ Battery

Lei, Yu,Lu, Jun,Luo, Xiangyi,Wu, Tianpin,Du, Peng,Zhang, Xiaoyi,Ren, Yang,Wen, Jianguo,Miller, Dean J.,Miller, Jeffrey T.,Sun, Yang-Kook,Elam, Jeffrey W.,Amine, Khalil American Chemical Society 2013 Nano letters Vol.13 No.9

<P>In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit nanostructured palladium on porous carbon as the cathode material for Li–O<SUB>2</SUB> cells. Scanning transmission electron microscopy showed discrete crystalline nanoparticles decorating the surface of the porous carbon support, where the size could be controlled in the range of 2–8 nm and depended on the number of Pd ALD cycles performed. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Pd K-edge revealed that the carbon supported Pd existed in a mixed phase of metallic palladium and palladium oxide. The conformality of ALD allowed us to uniformly disperse the Pd catalyst onto the carbon support while preserving the initial porous structure. As a result, the charging and discharging performance of the oxygen cathode in a Li–O<SUB>2</SUB> cell was improved. Our results suggest that ALD is a promising technique for tailoring the surface composition and structure of nanoporous supports in energy storage devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2013/nalefd.2013.13.issue-9/nl401833p/production/images/medium/nl-2013-01833p_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl401833p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of eletriptan hydrobromide in healthy Korean subjects

Kim, Yu Kyong,Shin, Kwang-Hee,Alderman, Jeffrey,Yu, Kyung-Sang,Jang, In-Jin,Lee, SeungHwan Dove Medical Press 2018 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.12 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Migraine is one of the most common headache disorders that greatly affect the quality of life. Selective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists such as triptamine-based drugs called triptans are used for treatment of migraine.</P><P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and tolerability profiles of eletriptan hydrobromide (eletriptan HBr), a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (also known as serotonin) 1B/1D receptor agonist, in Koreans and compare the results to those observed in non-Koreans in a previously published study.</P><P><B>Patients and methods</B></P><P>A randomized, open-label, single, and repeated-dose study was conducted in 16 healthy Korean male subjects using a four-treatment, four-period, and four-sequence crossover design (NCT01139515). The subjects received one of the following four treatments in each period: a single dose of 20, 40, 80 mg eletriptan HBr or a repeated oral dose of 40 mg 2 h apart. Blood samples were collected before and up to 26 h after dosing for quantification of plasma eletriptan concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem–mass spectrometry. The PK parameters were estimated using noncompartmental methods. Ethnicity differences between Korean and non-Korean subjects were identified using geometric mean ratios and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of dose-normalized maximum plasma concentration (C<SUB>max</SUB>) and dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 h to the last measurable concentration (AUC<SUB>0–t</SUB>).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>After single-dose administration of eletriptan HBr to Korean subjects, the mean C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0–t</SUB> increased linearly with dose. Comparable total systemic exposures were observed in the 2 h apart 40 mg repeated and single 80 mg dose. The geometric mean ratios (90% CIs) of the dose-normalized C<SUB>max</SUB> and AUC<SUB>0–t</SUB> of Korean subjects were similar to those of non-Korean subjects reported in the literature. The adverse events observed were transient and mild in severity.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Eletriptan HBr showed linear PK and was well tolerated in Korean subjects. The PK and tolerability of eletriptan HBr did not differ between Korean and non-Korean subjects.</P>

A comparison of the neumann-kelvin and rankine source methods for wave resistance calculations

Yu, Min,Falzarano, Jeffrey Techno-Press 2017 Ocean systems engineering Vol.7 No.4

Calm water wave resistance plays a very important role in ship hull design. Numerical methods are meaningful for this reason. In this study, two prevailing methods, the Neumann-Kelvin and the Rankine source method, were implemented and compared. The Neumann-Kelvin method assumes linearized free surface boundary condition and only needs to mesh the hull surface. The Rankine source method considers nonlinear free surface boundary condition and meshes both the ship hull surface and free surface. Both methods were implemented and the wave resistance of a Wigley III and three Series 60(Cb=0.6, 0.7, 0.8) hulls were analyzed. The results were compared with experimental results and the merits of both numerical techniques were quantified. Based on the results, it is concluded that the Rankine source method is more accurate in the calculation of the wave-making resistance. Using the Neumann-Kelvin method, it is found to be easier to model the hull and can be used for slender ships to solve problems like wave current coupling calculation.

The Role of Consolidation Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jeffrey S. Chang,Yen-Feng Chiu,Jih-Chang Yu,Li-Tzong Chen,Hui-Ju Ch’ang 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.2

Purpose The role of consolidation chemoradiation (CCRT) after systemic chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) is still controversial. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of CCRT in LAPC using systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Materials and Methods Prospective clinical trials of LAPC receiving chemotherapy with or without subsequent CCRT were included in the analysis. We systematically searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary outcome of interest was 1-year survival. Secondary endpoints were median overall survival, progression-free survival, toxicity, and resection rate. Results Forty-one studies with 49 study arms were included with a total of 1,018 patients receiving CCRT after induction chemotherapy (ICT) and 954 patients receiving chemotherapy alone. CCRT after ICT did not improve 1-year survival significantly in LAPC patients compared with chemotherapy alone (58% vs. 52%). ICT lasted for at least 3 months revealed significantly improved survival of additional CCRT to LAPC patients compared to chemotherapy alone (65% vs. 52%). A marginal survival benefit of consolidation CCRT was noted in studies using maintenance chemotherapy (59% vs. 52%), and fluorouracil-based CCRT (64% vs. 52%), as well as in studies conducted after the 2010 (64% vs. 55%). Conclusion The survival benefit of ICT+CCRT over chemotherapy alone in treating LAPC was noted when ICT lasted for at least 3 months. Fluorouracil-based CCRT, and maintenance chemotherapy were associated with improved clinical outcomes.

The Relationship Analyses between High Concentration Ozone and Local Wind Circulation in Mexico City

Jang, Yu-Woon(장유운),Lee, Gangwoong(이강웅),Ghim, Young-Sung(김영성),Lee, Taehyoung(이태형),Park, Il-Soo(박일수),Jeffrey Scott Owen 한국외국어대학교 중남미연구소 2019 중남미연구 Vol.38 No.1

본 연구는 멕시코시티 지역에서 기상적 영향에 따른 오존의 시•공간 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 멕시코시티에서 고농도 오존은 습도가 가장 낮은 4월과 5월에 발생하였으며, 주로 북풍의 영향을 받았다. 연구기간 동안 도심의 시간별 평균 풍속은 아침에 1.5 m/s로 낮아서 오염물질의 정체 조건인 반면, 오후에는 3.5 m/s로 도심 외부로 오염물질의 유출이 가능하였다. 오존 농도는 멕시코시티의 도심지역에서 동남쪽 주변부로 증가하는 특성을 나타내었다. 지역 규모의 바람장에서도 북풍이 주풍향일 때 바람이 남부 지역에 수렴하게 됨으로써 고농도 오존이 발생하는 것으로 모사되었다. 기상적 영향과 함께 남부 지역에서는 오존 생성의 전구물질인 휘발성유기화합물 농도 또한 다른 지역에 비하여 높게 관측됨으로써 멕시코시티의 오존은 기상요소와 인위적 오염물질의 복합적 영향에 기인하는 것으로 평가된다. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns in ozone concentrations in Mexico City using a data set of meteorological characteristics and measured air pollutant concentrations from the RAMA (Red Automática de Monitoreo Atmosférico) for January 2011 to December 2013. The results showed that ozone in Mexico City was formed most actively from April to May when humidity is lowest. We also investigated related meteorological characteristics such as the wind direction during day and night, which were generally northerly. The mean wind speed during the study period was 1.5 m/s early in the morning which the air pollutants can be stagnated and 3.5 m/s in the late afternoon that pollutants can be transported outward the Mexico City. Ozone concentrations increased from the leeward area of central Mexico City. In the southwestern area of Mexico City, elevated ozone concentrations were also measured together with elevated VOC concentrations. In central Mexico City and most of the northern industrial complex, the weekend effect in ozone concentrations was observed except near the southwest residential area where higher ozone concentrations occurred. Based on the local scale vector field, the higher ozone concentrations were occurred during the prevailing northerly wind as the wind was converged into the suburban and southern area. The patterns identified in this study highlight the urgent need for a comprehensive approach of policies designed to reduce ozone in the southwestern residential area of Mexico.

Folic Acid in Stroke Prevention in Countries without Mandatory Folic Acid Food Fortification: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Chia-Yu Hsu,Shao-Wen Chiu,Keun-Sik Hong,Jeffrey L. Saver,Yi-Ling Wu,Jiann-Der Lee,Meng Lee,Bruce Ovbiagele 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.1

Background and Purpose Additional folic acid (FA) treatment appears to have a neutral effect on reducing vascular risk in countries that mandate FA fortification of food (e.g., USA and Canada). However, it is uncertain whether FA therapy reduces stroke risk in countries without FA food fortification. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of FA therapy on stroke prevention in countries without FA food fortification. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and clinicaltrials.gov from January 1966 to August 2016 were searched to identify relevant studies. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used as a measure of the association between FA supplementation and risk of stroke, after pooling data across trials in a random-effects model. Results The search identified 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving treatment with FA that had enrolled 65,812 participants, all of which stroke was reported as an outcome measure. After all 13 RCTs were pooled, FA therapy versus control was associated with a lower risk of any future stroke (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.95). FA alone or combination of FA and minimal cyanocobalamin (≤0.05 mg/day) was associated with a lower risk of future stroke (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.86) whereas combination of FA and cyanocobalamin (≥0.4 mg/day) was not associated with a lower risk of future stroke (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.05). Conclusions FA supplement reduced stroke in countries without mandatory FA food fortification. The benefit was found mostly in patients receiving FA alone or combination of FA and minimal cyanocobalamin.

Direct quantitative analysis of HCV RNA by atomic force microscopy without labeling or amplification

Jung, Yu Jin,Albrecht, Jeffrey A.,Kwak, Ju-Won,Park, Joon Won Oxford University Press 2012 Nucleic acids research Vol.40 No.22

<P>Force-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to detect HCV (hepatitis C virus) RNA directly and to quantitatively analyse it without the need for reverse transcription or amplification. Capture and detection DNA probes were designed. The former was spotted onto a substrate with a conventional microarrayer, and the latter was immobilized on an AFM probe. To control the spacing between the immobilized DNAs on the surface, dendron self-assembly was employed. Force–distance curves showed that the mean force of the specific unbinding events was 32 ± 5 pN, and the hydrodynamic distance of the captured RNA was 30–60 nm. Adhesion force maps were generated with criteria including the mean force value, probability of obtaining the specific curves and hydrodynamic distance. The maps for the samples whose concentrations ranged from 0.76 fM to 6.0 fM showed that cluster number has a linear relationship with RNA concentration, while the difference between the observed number and the calculated one increased at low concentrations. Because the detection limit is expected to be enhanced by a factor of 10 000 when a spot of 1 micron diameter is employed, it is believed that HCV RNA of a few copy numbers can be detected by the use of AFM.</P>

Genome evolution and adaptation in a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli

Barrick, Jeffrey E.,Yu, Dong Su,Yoon, Sung Ho,Jeong, Haeyoung,Oh, Tae Kwang,Schneider, Dominique,Lenski, Richard E.,Kim, Jihyun F. Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2009 Nature Vol.461 No.7268

The relationship between rates of genomic evolution and organismal adaptation remains uncertain, despite considerable interest. The feasibility of obtaining genome sequences from experimentally evolving populations offers the opportunity to investigate this relationship with new precision. Here we sequence genomes sampled through 40,000 generations from a laboratory population of Escherichia coli. Although adaptation decelerated sharply, genomic evolution was nearly constant for 20,000 generations. Such clock-like regularity is usually viewed as the signature of neutral evolution, but several lines of evidence indicate that almost all of these mutations were beneficial. This same population later evolved an elevated mutation rate and accumulated hundreds of additional mutations dominated by a neutral signature. Thus, the coupling between genomic and adaptive evolution is complex and can be counterintuitive even in a constant environment. In particular, beneficial substitutions were surprisingly uniform over time, whereas neutral substitutions were highly variable.

Health and Economic Burden of HPV-related Diseases in Singapore

Low, Jeffrey Jen Hui,Ko, Yu,Ilancheran, Arunachalam,Zhang, Xu Hao,Singhal, Puneet K.,Tay, Sun Kuie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.1

Objective: To assess the health and economic burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases (cervical cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1/2/3, and genital warts) in Singapore over a period of 25 years beginning in 2008. Methods: Incidence-based modeling was used to estimate the incidence cases and associated economic burden, with the assumption that age-stratified incidence rates will remain the same throughout the period of 25 years. The incidence rates in 2008 were projected based on data obtained from the National Cancer Registry for cervical cancer, and from a combination of published data and hospital registry review for CIN1/2/3 and genital warts. The population growth rate was factored into the projection of incidence cases over time. Direct cost data per cervical cancer and per CIN1/2/3 case were obtained from the financial database of large local hospitals while cost data for genital warts were obtained from the National Skin Center; these costs were multiplied by the number of incidence cases to produce an aggregate estimate of the economic burden over the 25-year period (in 2008 Singapore dollars) using a 3% discount rate. Results: The total number of incidence cases of HPV-disease over 25 years beginning in 2008 was estimated to be 60,183, including 8,078 for cervical cancer, 11,685 for CIN 2/3, 8,849 for CIN1, and 31,572 for genital warts. The estimated total direct cost was 83.2 million Singapore Dollars over 25 years: 57.6 million attributable to cervical cancer, 13.0 million to CIN2/3, 6.83 million to CIN1, and 5.70 million to genital warts. Conclusion: HPV-related diseases are expected to impose significant health and economic burden on the Singapore healthcare resources in the next 25 years.