정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

壁境界層에서 亂流擴散火焰의 解析에 關한 硏究

盧秉俊 全北大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

During the past years there has been a large number of studies carried out on free turbulent jets such as a round jet. an impinging jet, a parallel jet, and etc. But many interests on diffusion flame have been diffusion flames in the boundary layer have been studied experimentally. In this study, a wall turbulent diffusion flame has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally, and their experimental data such as mean velocities, Reynolds stress, temperature distributions, and kinetic energies were analyzed and compared with some numerical calculations. The law of the wall in the boundary layer shows a quite different distribution because of the second jet. Most of the distributions of the characteristic components of the diffusion flame showed a good agreement with the calculations but some differences were shown significantly in kinetic energy distributions.

Cylinder 內 交又噴射의 亂流混合流動에 對한 實驗的 考察

盧秉俊,趙元日 全北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

A turbulent mixing flow of the constant 45˚ cross jet in the cylinder was experimentally exaimed. For the effectuation of the experiment, a cross jet kit with two circular nozzle(exit dia. ø20) manufactured and mounted at the subsonic wind tunnel. The cross point of the centerline of two nozzles was calculated as 120.7mm and the developing turbulent mixing region could be imagined to exist beyond the region of 120.7mm, where the experiments were effectuated. The mean velocities ??, ?? and ?? obtained in the cylinder were a little higher than those obtained from the free cross jet. The intensities of turbulence in the X and Z directions were largely distributed at 0≤Y/b≤1.0 and their distribution of the Y direction was different and they decrease according to the increasment of Y/b. But they keep constant values at 2.0≤Y/b. The turbulent shear stresses, correlation coefficients, were measured and their distribution was analyzed. From the turbulence data, turbulent kinetic energy was calculated and plotted. Every distribution profiles show that their most of the higher values exist at 0≤Y/b≤1.0 and they decrease at the region of 1.0≤Y≤2.1 and keep constant values beyond Y/b=2.1.

45˚ 自由衝突噴射의 亂流混合流動에 關한 實驗的 硏究

盧秉俊,金張權 全北大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

Turbulent jet flow has been studied in many ways: a plane jet, a rectangular jet, an annular jet, a round jet, a wall jet, a parallel jet, a valve jet, a cross jet, a slit jet and etc. In this report, a 45˚ cross jet flow was tried with two same dimensioned nozzles(dia, ø20)which were set up at the exit of the subsonic wind tunnel. Each jet flows to the direction of 22.5˚ to the axis of downstream of the mixed turbulent flow. The centerline of each jet meets at the distance of 217.3mm and their mixing flow could be imagined to exist beyond that distance. For the experimental investigation, the measurement was effectuated at X/X_0=1.2~1.5. The section of the mixed flow shows a elliptic circle which is formed by the inertia forces of the 22.5˚ inclined flows to the X direction. This experimental study aimed at the investigation of the turbulent mixing process of two jets; the mean velocities, the turbulent shear stresses, the correlation coefficients, and the momentum flux were respectively measured in the three directions. The histograms of the turbulent velocities were plotted for the statistical analysis of turbulence. The mean velocity distribution profiles of the downstream component measured in the Y direction coincide well with the empirical equation of Go¨rtler and those measured in the Z direction agree with the equation of H. Schilchting. Other mean velocities ?? and ?? components were randomly distributed. The higher values with same order of the intensity of turbulence were largely distributed at the central part of the flow section. The momentum flux was decreased up to 70% by the shock losses and the development of intense turbulences, but it kept its value constantly beyond X/d=14. Two channel hot-wire anemometer systems(model 1050 series), a dynamic spectral analyzer(model SD 375), a computer (model HP 9845B), and a plotter(model HP 9872C) were used for the calculation and plotting. The X-type hot-wire made of tungsten(dia. ø5㎛, long 3mm, model 0252 T5) was used for the measurements of the mean and turbulent components and the pressures were measured by a electric micro manometer with the precision of 1㎛ of water column. The probe was moved to each direction by a automatic probe traversing system(model SD-100C) with the precision of 1/100mm.

多目的 實驗을 爲한 亞音速 Wind Tunnel의 Modification 과 그의 實驗的 性能 考察

李鍾純,盧秉俊,吳永澤 全北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

This stuudy is aimed at the modification of the wind tunnel for its multi-purpose experimental Use. The theoretical design and modified sections of the wind tunnel; the diffuser, the tranquility chamber, the convergent would be experimentally examined. The diffusion angle was calculated 7˚ to prevent the kinetic energy of the air flow fromthe friction loss, for the uniform flow, a tranquility chamber with a honey-comb plate and six grids plates and to accelerate the velocity, a convergent with the curvature calculated by the equation derived from the Bernoulli's one were modified. For their performance test, a nozzle and a vane were equipped respectively at the outlet of the wind tunnel, where one has measured the velocities and analysed them theoretically and graphically.

요관추벽

이종태,안병수,노준,박도영,장대수 조선대학교 1994 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.19 No.1

The ureteral folds are full-thickness inward projections of the ureteral wall. They are believed to represent persistence of normal fetal tortuosities of the ureter. The frequency of a "corkscrew" ureter was highest in the new born(75%) and decreased in frequency to an 11% incidence at 2 years of age. They have no postnatal clinical significance until 2 years of age. We have experienced one case of ureteral fold. The patient was a 4-year-old boy and his chief complaints were fever and scrotal pain. To determine the proper diagnosis, we carried out intravenous pyelography. We have noted multiple, thin, well defined, transverse radioluciencies project into the lumen of the ureter. We report this case with the review of literatures.

신손상 환자의 치료에 따른 임상적 고찰

윤종선,소영석,안병수,노준,박도영 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

On the Mixing Flow Structure of a Turbulent Cross Jet

Byung Joon Rho,Je Ha Oh,Dae Ok Lee 대한기계학회 1995 KSME International Journal Vol.9 No.1

An Experimental Study of a Turbulent Cross Jet in a Cylindrical Chamber

Byung Joon Rho,Yung Kyu Kang 대한기계학회 1988 KSME/JSME THERMAL and FLUID Engineering Conference Vol.2 No.1

Investigation on the Distribution of the Velocity and the Turbulent Intensity of a Valve Jet in the Jet Direction

Rho, Byung-Joon 全北大學校 1979 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

Diesel 機關의 吸入 Valve의 周圍에 分布되는 Gas의 速度分布와 亂流强度를 考察하기 위하여, 本實驗에서는, 大型 船舶 Engine의 實際 크기의 Valve와 Valve Seat를 Wind Tunnel에 裝置하였다. 本 裝置로서 Valve Jet를 試圖하였으며, 그 結果 Reynolds Number 160,000까지의 Jet速度를 얻을 수가 있었다. 本 Valve Jet에서, 空氣의 噴射角度(30˚)를 實驗的으로 正確히 究明하므로서, 噴射方向에서의 速度와 亂流强度를 測定하였다. 測定器具로서는 DISA Hot Wire Anemometer裝置와 直徑 5 micron의 白金Sensor가 使用되었다. 또한 速度損失을 分析 考察하기 爲하여, Valve의 開度에 따라 半徑方向의 距離를 變更해 가며 各距離에서의 最大速度를 測定하였다. 그리하여, 測定 圖示한 實驗結果와, 假定을 通하여 下記와 같은 有用한 對數方程式을 ?하였다. (r/b)=-12.313 log(Vm/Vo)+B 그리고, Jet의 外部로부터 Jet에 依하여 流入되는 空氣로 因해서, Jet의 外部空氣와 內部空氣의 混合層에서는 아주 甚한 亂流現象을 볼 수가 있다. 本 Valve Jet에서는, 亂流强度가 最大 80%까지 到達하였으며, 平均的으로 約 60%에 이르렀다. 實驗結果의 正確한 處理를 爲하여 Computer에 依한 分析을 하였으며, 모든 圖表는 自動電子 Tracer에 依해 圖示하였다. This article is part of a research project which actually goes on in the Institute of Fluid Mech anics of Strasbourg in France. In order to investigate the velocity distribution and the intensity of the gases around an intake valve of the diesel engine, in this study a model valve and a valve seat were assembled with a wind tunnel. With this experimental establishement, we have tried a valve jet and obtained. Reynolds number 160,000 with which a sufficiently distributed turbulent air flow was possible. By verification of the jet angle (30˚) in this valve jet, we have measured the velocity distribution and the intensity of turbulence in the jet direction. The measurement system used was DISA hot wire anemometer and a platinum sensor (dia. 5 micron). For the analysis of the velocity deficit one has examined the maxima velocities by changing the radial distances depending on the valve opening. With experimental data and with some assumptions we could define a useful logarithmic law: (r/b)=-12.3131 log(Vm/Vo)+B Because ofthe entrained air by the jet from outer sides, in the mixing layer region around the jet, the tubulent fluctuations are very intense. In this valve jet, the maximum intensity of turbulence was 80% and the randomly calculated mean value was 60%. For the exact calculation and the plotting of the experimental data, we have used a computer and an automatic electronic tracer.