정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Ag_2CdI_4 thermistor의 製造 및 그 電氣的 特性

孫炳基,李德東 경북대학교 공과대학 1975 工大硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

The Ag_2CdI_4 thermistors were fabricated by sintering the mixture of AgI and CdI_2, varying the firing temperature and the sintering time. Their resistance versus temperature and current versus applied voltage characteristics were obtained. The optimum sintering temperature-time combination was inbetween 240℃-90 min and 250℃-80 min, fixing the temperature elevating rate of 20℃/min and the cooling rate of 25℃/min. The thermistor constant, temperature coefficient, heat dissipating coefficient, and thermal time constant for the sample fired at 240℃ for 60 minutes were 6.45×10 exp (3)˚K, 7.0%/deg, about 33 mW/deg, and about 7 sec respectively. The high reproducibility at the easy handling temperature and good electical properties of the Ag_2CdI_4 thermistor suggested the mass production.

Weak Isospin Model에 관한 고찰

손기수,조병하 慶北大學校 1969 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

By the observation of the decay mode satisfying ⊿S=-⊿Q which shows the relation between the changeness of Strangeness, ⊿S, and that of Charge, ⊿Q, then the generality of ⊿S=⊿Q has been robbed of. Under the assumption of the conservation of the Weak Isospin I' and its third component I'_s in the weak interaction, V. De Santis proposed the Weak Usospin Model which is related to the Charge Q and Weak Isospin I' by Q=1/2Y'+I'_3. In this note, comparing with experimental data, the decay modes which could be described and could not be described by this Isospin Model is specified and checked up.

Bi를 첨가한 BaTiO_3 자기반도체

孫炳基,丁潤夏,李萬浩 慶北大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The (Ba_(1-x)Bi_x) TiO_3 (0.05≤x≤5a/0) has been prepared by sintering the mixture of BaTiO_3 and Bi_2O_3. The measuremnts of the capacitance and resistance showed that the optimum doping level of Bi was 0.1≤x≤0.5a/0. Typically, for the sample of x=0.5a/0, thearea capacitance was 3.5nF/㎠ which gave the effective dielectric constant of 3.4×10^4. The change in capacitance and loss tangent were 0.4∼-26% in the temperature range of -50∼85℃ and 5∼-7% in the temperature range of -50∼150℃ relative to room temperature capacitance and loss tangent, respectively. The frequency characteristics of the capacitance and loss tangent for the sample of 0.5a/0 showed that this sample was suitable for a capacitor in the higher frequency region than 1 kHz. Although the loss tangent(0.1) and the insulation registance (0.02MΩ·μF) are lower than JIS values, the semiconductors in the optimum doping range are valuable to be used as a high dielectric capacitor. The x=0.5a/0 sample had shown a PTC thermistor characteristics by having the resistance anomaly index ψ=2.5 and the room temperature resistivity ρ=10^4Ω·㎝.

FET형 반도체센서 및 시스템 개발

손병기,조진호,최평,박이순,서화일,권대혁,고광락 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1996 연차보고서 Vol.1996 No.-

기존의 센서들의 난점을 극복할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 FET형 전해질(electrolyte :H^+, K^+, Ca^2+, Na^+)센서소자 및 분석 시스템의 개발을 중점적으로 추진하였으며, FET형 포도당센서 및 압력센서의 개별 FET형 센서에 관한 연구도 병행하였다. FET형 전해질센서를 이용한 휴대용 전해질 측정기와 desktop형 4채널 전해질 분석기를 제작하였다. 또한 이 시스템을 소형화하기 위한 주문형 아날로그-디지탈 변환기 내장형 CMOS 프로세서를 설계하고 검증하였다. The main object of this research is to develope a new FET type electrolyte(H^+, K^+, Ca^2+, Na^+) sensors and analysis system which can overcome the problems of the conventional sensors. Parallel researches on FET type sensors such as glucose and pressure humidity are also in progress. A portable electrolyte meter and desktop 4-channel electrolyte analysis system is fabricated. A customized CMOS processor with built-in analog-to-digital converter is designed and verified.

FET형 반도체 마이크로센서 개발(Ⅱ)

손병기,이흥락,박이순,조진호,이성필,최평,서화일,고성택,박재윤,서장수,김창수 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 연차보고서 Vol.1994 No.-

현재 의료진단, 화학공정의 모니터링이나 환경공학적 감시 및 제어 등의 분야에서 사용되고 있는 기존의 센서는 고가이며 용적이 클 뿐만 아니라 분석시간이 길고 사용하기 까다로운 것 등 여러 가지 문제점이 있다. 또한 측정환경에 영향을 주지 않을 만큼 충분히 작으며 빠른 분석시간을 가진 센서를 필요로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 센서들의 난점을 극복할 수 있는 새로운 형태의 FET형 전해질(electrolyte : H^+, K^+, Ca^2+, Na^+)분석 시스템, 용존가스(O_2, CO_2)분석 시스템의 개발을 중점적으로 추진하며, FET형 압력센서, 습도센서, 방사형 온도센서 등의 개별 FET형 센서에 관한 연구도 병행하고자 한다. Recently various kinds of sensors have been developed, being applicated to their own purpose. There are lots of difficulties to apply them to measurements in which the real-time monitoring is required without disturbing the surrounding environment. FET type semiconductor sensors, fabricated by the semiconductor integration technologies, have many advantages for their miniaturization, standardization, mass-production and in vivo/in situ monitoring. They also hold a very proper configuration for multi-functional sensors or integrated smart sensors, and wide availability by forming various kinds of physical or chemical sensing materials onto their sensing gates.

FET형 마이크로센서 개발

손병기,박이순,서화일,권대혁,고광락 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1996 연차보고서 Vol.1996 No.-

광섬유를 이용한 전류센서의 개발(Ⅲ)

손병기,이정희,김창원 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1994 연차보고서 Vol.1994 No.-

Fabry-Perot 간섭계 형성기술 및 광 신호처리기술을 기초로 하여, 독자적인 역량으로 광섬유 전류센서를 개발하였다. 또한 미소 압력변화를 감지할 수 있는 고감도 압력센서에 응용하였다. 압전체인 PZT를 이용한 Fabry-Perot 간섭형 전류센서를 제조하였으며, 제조된 전류센서는 20 A까지 선형적인 응답특성을 나타내었다. 또한 전류센서의 특성개선을 위해 주파수가 큰 클럭을 사용하여 감도를 향상시켰다. 광섬유 전류센서시스템 제작에는 Zero-crossing 기법으로 PC와 연결된 간단한 전류센서용 신호처리회로를 제작하였다. 이 시스템에서는 100여개의 데이타를 받아들여 처리할 수 있는 프로그램을 개발하여 전류센서의 신뢰도를 높였다. 신호처리가 손쉬운 optical isolator와 경제적인 면에서 매운 유리한 time division multiplexing법을 이용한 다점측정식 전류센서를 설계하였다. Micro-cavity형 간섭계의 제조 및 특성조사에는 Si_3N_4/SiO_2/Si_3N_4 유전체 다이아프레임 박막을 가지는 광섬유 Fabry-Perot 간섭계를 제조하였으며 압력센서에 응용하였다. The development of fiber optic current sensor was carried out soley at KNU on the basis of the research on the formation technology of Fabry-Perot interferometer and optical system for the third year of the project. Additionally, micro-cavity type was fabricated. The works achieved in this project are expected to contribute to development of the domestic fiber optic sensor technology. The current sensor of the Fabry-Perot interferometric type using PZT plate show good lineality in the current range of 0∼20A. Besides the characteristics of the current sensor were improved by usage of high frequency clock, and fabricated multiple current sensor using the optical isolator and time division multiplexing. In the manufacture of the fiber optic current sensor system, designed of the fiber optic current sensor system with the connection of a new and simple signal processing circuit containing a comparator and counter to PC interface card. The micro-cavity type interferometer using IC process technique have been studied. The fiber optic interferometer with stress-free NON dielectric diaphragm thin film was applied to pressure sensor.

高分子固體誘電物質과 水銀의 接觸帶電

孫炳基,文在德 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1975 硏究報告 Vol.3 No.-

Contact-electrifications of some dielectrics(lucite, PVC, and bakelite) with mercury have been investigated. It has been observed that the contact-electrified charges on dielectrics are saturated as the contact-time duration with mercury increases, and that the values of saturation-charges and these saturation time-constants decrease linearly with the humidity of atmospheric gas. The saturation time-constant of lucite, measured in air of 26℃, 1 atm and the relative humidity of 12%, was 86 seconds, and decreasing rate of charge density on lucite for the humidity was 7.5×10 exp (-8) coul/㎡·%. The contact-electrification characteristics of the lucite in nitrogen gas is similar to that in air. But increasing of the contact-time duration, the PVC is initially electrified in the negative polarity and then its polarity has been reversed. And the absolute values of generated charges for both the lucite and PVC samples in nitrogen gas are smaller than those in air, presumably, due to the effect of oxygen. These experimental results generally support the electronic theory for the contact-electrification of high-polymer dielectrics.

斷續方式靜電測定器의 製作

孫炳基,文在德 경북대학교 교육대학원 1974 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

An equipment for static-electricity measurements was constructed by employing the chopping system. Its structure has been explained and its performance characteristics investigated. It was sensitive and much more capable by using with a cathode-ray oscilloscope. An equivalent circuit for the constructed equipment has also been analyzed, and the equivalent analysis was in good agreement with the experimental results.