자동 발렛 파킹을 위한 테스트 플랫폼 설계 및 주행 검증

우훈제(HoonJe Woo),손성효(SungHyo Son),문희창(HeeChang Moon),성경복(KyungBok Sung),김정하(JungHa Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

This paper introduces an automated valet parking system (AVP) which applies an autonomous driving concept into the current parking assistant system (PAS). The present commercial PAS technology is limited into vehicle. It means vehicle only senses and controls by and for itself to assist the parking. Therefore, the present PAS is restricted to simple parking events. But AVP includes wider parking events and planning because it uses infra-sensor network as well as vehicle sensor. For the realization of AVP, the commercial steering system of a compact vehicle was modified into steer-by-wire structure and various sensors like LRF (Long Range Finder) and camera were installed in a parking area. And local & global server decides where and when the vehicle can go and park in the testing area after recognized the status of environment and vehicle from those sensors. GPS solution was used to validate the AVP performance. More various parking situations, vehicles and obstacles will be considered in the next research stages based on these results. And we expect this AVP solution with more intelligent vehicles can be applied in a big parking lot like a market, an amusement park, etc.

JAUS를 따른 무인 시스템 제어를 위한 peer-to-peer 데이터 통신

문희창(Hee-Chang Moon),우훈제(Hoon-Je Woo),김정하(Jung-Ha Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2006 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.- No.-

This paper deals with the peer-to-peer (P2P) data communication to connect each of distributed levels of developed unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) according to the JAUS protocol. Each of distributed levels of the JAUS protocol divides into a system, some of subsystems, nodes, and components/instances, each of which may be independent or interdependence. Each of levels must require high performance to process data with high speed. Therefore, each of distributed independent levels send data to another level and then it has to be able to process the received data in other levels, Then, P2P communication has to control data flow of distributed levels. In this research, we explain each of levels of the JAUS and P2P structure among the levels using our developed UGV.

무인차량 시스템을 위한 범용 통신 인터페이스 개발

우훈제(Hoon-Je Woo),문희창(Hee-Chang Moon),김정하(Jung-Ha Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper shows a method of multiple communication to be connected each of distributed levels of developed unmanned vehicle system according to the JAUS. Each of distributed levels of the JAUS hierarchy divides into a system, some of subsytem, nodes, and components/instances below a system, each of which may be independet or interdependence. Each of levels must require a method of communication to porcess data with high speed. However, a device or a method of communication interface what each of distributed independent levels request and receive a data to another level is different. Thereupon, we will show a reference of using JAUS messages what it are able to communicate between distributed levels in an unmanned vehicle system, and what is the JAUS hierarchy.

무인자율주행차량의 시스템 아키텍처 및 통신 프로토콜 설계

문희창(Hee Chang Moon),우훈제(Hoon Je Woo),김정하(Jung Ha Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.14 No.9

This paper deals with the peer-to-peer data communication to connect each of distributed levels of developed unmanned system according to the JAUS. The JAUS is to support the acquisition of unmanned system by providing a mechanism for reducing system life-cycle costs. Each of distributed levels of the JAUS protocol divides into a system, some of subsystems, nodes and components/instances, each of which may be independent or interdependence. We have to distribute each of the levels because high performance is supported in order to create several sub-processor computing data in one processor with high CPU speed performance. To complement such disadvantage, we must think the concept that a distributed processing agrees with separating each of levels from the JAUS protocol. Therefore, each of distributed independent levels send data to another level and then it has to be able to process the received data in other levels. So, peer-to-peer communication has to control a data flow of distributed levels. In this research, we explain each of levels of the JAUS and peer-to-peer communication structure among the levels using our developed unmanned ground vehicle.

재조합 Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서 Inulinase의 발현과 국재성

남수완,우문희,김병문,정봉현,박영훈 한국산업미생물학회 1994 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Inulinase 유전자(INU1A)를 함유하는 재조합 효모균주를 YPD 배지에서 배양했을 때, inulinase 활성은 6.7 units/㎖의 낮은 발현양을 보이지만, 유전자 발현 inducer로 galactose가 첨가된 YPDG 배지에서는 HN18/pYI10의 경우 최종 16 units/㎖, SEY2102/pYI10의 경우 최종 45 units/㎖의 높은 inulinase 발현양을 보였다. 또한, invertase보다 S. cerevisiae inulinase에 당쇄가 적게 부가됨을 알 수 있었으며 S. cerevisiae inulinase보다 K. marxianus inulinase가 더욱 heterogeneous하게 당쇄가 부가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. Inulin이나 raffinose는 재조합 S. cerevisiae에서 구성적으로 발현된 inulinase에 의해 탄소원과 에너지원으로 유용하게 이용되지만 K. marxianus에서와 같이 inulinase 생합성의 inducer로는 작용하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 각 탄소원에 따른 inulinase의 발현은 YPDG 배지에서 가장 효율적으로 발현·분비되었으며 단위 균체당 inulinase 활성(specific activity)도 1.2 units/㎖/OD_600의 최대값을 보였다. 또한, 사용한 모든 배지에서 inulinase는 항상 98% 이상 균체외 배지로 발현·분비됨을 알 수 있었다. Inulinase of Kuyveromyces marxianus origin was produced by recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the control of GAL1 promoter, to examine the expression and localization of inulinase in a repressed(galactose-free) or derepressed(galactose-containing) medium. The inulinase gene(INU1A) was constitutively expressed at 6.7 units/㎖ in a repressed medium. When the cell started to utilize galactose in a derepressed medium, the INU1A gene began to be expressed, and the final expression level reached about 45 units/㎖. According to the nondenaturing-PAGE analysis, inulinase produced by S. cerevisiae was found to be less glycosylated than the bakers yeast invertase. In addition, its glycosylation pattern was less heterogeneous than the K. marxianus inulinase. The supplementation of inulin or raffinose into the derepressed medium increased the cell growth rate, while the expression of INU1A was repressed. Regardless of the carbon sources examined, most of inulinase activity (more than 98%) was found in the extracellular medium, indicating excellent secretion efficiency.

Yarrowia lipolytica의 Multicopy Integration Vector 개발

김정윤,우문희,Dewey D.Y. Ryu 한국산업미생물학회 1995 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Multicopy integration vector는 복제수가 많고 non-selective한 환경조건 하에서도 매우 안정되게 유지가 되기 때문에 heterologous 유전자를 발현시키는데 매우 유용한 벡터 시스템이다. Yarrowia lipolytica의 multicopy integration vector를 개발하기 위하여 Y. lipolytica로부터 P-type rDNA를 클로닝하였다. 이 클론된 rDNA의 HindIII-BglII 절편과 promoter 지역을 포함하고 있지 않은 URA3 유전자를 pGEM1 plasmid에 삽입하여 제조한 벡터를 pMIYL-1과 pMIYL-2로 명명하였다. RDNA 절편은 벡터와 chromosomal DNA 사이에 homologous recombination을 유도하기 위한 것이며, promoterless URA3는 불완전한 표지 유전자로서 multicopy integration을 유발시키기 위한 것이다. PMIYL-1은 rDNA의 HindIII-BglII 절편내에 유일한 제한효소 자리로서 KpnI을 가지고 있고, pMIYL-2는 KpnI과 EcoRI을 가지고 있다. 이 벡터들을 Y. lipolytica에 도입한 후에 형질 전환체를 선별하여 copy 수와 안정성을 검사한 결과, 벡터의 copy 수는 5개 이하로 존재하고 non-selective 배지에서도 매우 안정하게 유지가 됨을 알 수 있었다. Multicopy integration vector is a very useful vector system in that they can be integrated into chromosomal DNA in several copies and stably maintained under non-selective conditions. To develop a multicopy integration vector system in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, P-type ribosomal DNA was cloned from Y. lipolytica. A HindIII-BglII fragment of the cloned rDNA and a promoterless URA3 gene were inserted into pGEM1, generating multicopy integration vectors, pMIYL-1 and pMIYL-2. The rDNA fragment is for targeted homologous recombination between the vector and the chromosomal DNA of Y. lipolytica, and the promoterless URA3 gene is a defective selection marker for inducing multicopy integration. pMIYL-1 and pMIYL-2 have an unique restriction enzyme site, KpnI, and two unique restriction enzyme sites, KpnI and EcoRI, repectively, which can be used for targeting of the vectors into the rDNA of Y. lipolytica chromosomal DNA. After transformation of the vectors into Y. lipolytica, copy number and stability were analyzed by Southern hybridization. The vectors were found to be present in less than 5 copies per cell and were stably maintained during growth in non-selective media.

미니트램의 주행제어 시스템 개발

변윤섭,정락교,문희창,우훈제 대한전기학회 2015 전기의 세계 Vol.64 No.9

CAN 메시지 조작 방법 분석 및 대응방안

박현배,김용은,전재석,문희석,우사무엘 보안공학연구지원센터 2018 보안공학연구논문지 Vol.16 No.4

Recently, the security for communication of automotive is become an issue due to hacking.In case of CAN communication used as a control signal of a vehicle, a single twisted wire is used for communication, which makes it easy to access for hacking. Also, because of using the 'recessive' and 'dominant' logic, it is possible to attack the bus using these CAN communication characteristics. Recently, a method to manipulate a specific control field to cause a bus off Error has been reported in the paper. In this paper, we describe how fully manipulated data can be received at Receiver(ECU) and we propose a method to prevent manipulation by changing the end of frame filed. 최근 차량의 해킹으로 인해 자동차보안은 이슈가 되고 있으며 차량의 제어신호로 사용되는 CAN 통신의 경우 하나의 꼬임선을 이용하여 통신을 하기 때문에 데이터 정보를 바꾸기 용이하다. CAN 통신에서는 우성 및 열성 비트가 도선에서 만나면 우성이 이기는 방식으로 중재를 수행한다. 이를 이용하여 최근에 특정 필드을 조작하여 Error를 유발시키는 방법이 발표되었다. 기존방식은 Error를 발생해서 통신을 중단시키는 방법에 대해서 제안했으나 본 논문에서는 CRC 및 데이터 필드를 동시에 변조하여 수신 ECU 측에서 Error를 유발시키지 않고 완벽하게 데이터를 조작하는 방법에 대해 제안하고 이를 막기 위한 대처방안을 제안하였다.

CAN 메시지 조작 방법 분석 및 대응방안

박현배(Hyun Bae Park),김용은(Young Eun Kim),전재석(Jae Seok Jeon),우사무엘(Samuel Woo),문희석(Hee Seok Moon) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.6

Recently, the security for communication of automotive is become an issue due to hacking. In case of CAN communication used as a control signal of a vehicle, a single twisted wire is used for communication, which makes it easy to access for hacking. Also, because of using the ‘recessive’ and ‘dominant’ logic, it is possible to attack the bus using these CAN communication characteristics. Recently, a method to manipulate a specific control field to cause a bus off error has been reported in the paper. In this paper, we describe how fully manipulated data can be received at Receiver(ECU) and we propose a method to prevent manipulation by changing the end of frame filed.

Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Invasive and Noninvasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in Korea between 2014 and 2016

박동철,김시현,용동은,서인범,김영리,이종윤,송원근,송새암,문희원,이해경,박경운,김선주,정석훈,이재현,Joseph Jeong,김유경,이미애,조지현,김종완,신경섭,황상현,정재우,우혜인,이채훈,류남희,장철훈,김현수,김자영,신종희,김수현,이미경,이성규,장숙진,이규택,서헌석,손용학,권민정,이희주,홍기호,우광숙,박철민,신정환 대한진단검사의학회 2019 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.39 No.6

Background: Several factors contribute to differences in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype distribution. We investigated the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae isolated between 2014 and 2016 in Korea. Methods: We collected a total of 1,855 S. pneumoniae isolates from 44 hospitals between May 2014 and May 2016, and analyzed the serotypes by sequential multiplex PCR. We investigated the distribution of each serotype by patient age, source of the clinical specimen, and antimicrobial resistance pattern. Results: The most common serotypes were 11A (10.1%), followed by 19A (8.8%), 3 (8.5%), 34 (8.1%), 23A (7.3%), and 35B (6.2%). The major invasive serotypes were 3 (12.6%), 19A (7.8%), 34 (7.8%), 10A (6.8%), and 11A (6.8%). Serotypes 10A, 15B, 19A, and 12F were more common in patients ≤5 years old, while serotype 3 was more seccommon in patients ≥65 years old compared with the other age groups. The coverage rates of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)7, PCV10, PCV13, and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23 were 11.8%, 12.12%, 33.3%, and 53.6%, respectively. Of the 1,855 isolates, 857 (46.2%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), with serotypes 11A and 19A predominant among the MDR strains. The resistance rates against penicillin, cefotaxime, and levofloxacin were 22.8%, 12.5%, and 9.4%, respectively. Conclusions: There were significant changes in the major S. pneumoniae serotypes in the community. Non-PCV13 serotypes increased in patients ≤5 years old following the introduction of national immunization programs with the 10- and 13-polyvalent vaccines.