A Study on Improvement and Degradation of Si/SiO₂ Interface Property for Gate Oxide with TiN Metal Gate

Lee, Byung-Hyun,Kim, Yong-Il,Kim, Bong-Soo,Woo, Dong-Soo,Park, Yong-Jik,Park, Dong-Gun,Lee, Si-Hyung,Rho, Yong-Han The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1

In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state $(N_{it})$ respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of $N_{it}$ for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and $SiO_2$.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

혈액 투석 환자에서 중심정맥 협착에 대한 스텐트 삽입술 : Wallstent Placement

임대승,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이정우,강정아,김정희,이민수,정준용,최시완,정진옥,성인환,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2002 충남의대잡지 Vol.29 No.1

Stenosis of central vein is a common complication arising after percutaneous subclavian vein catheter insertion performed for temporary vascular access in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. There are several treatment methods for the condition like percutaneous angioplasty(PTA), stent insertion, and surgery, but recent trend is toward PTA and stents. Among the patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure from March 1993 to May 2002 and undergoing hemodialysis through AV fistula, the 14 Patients in whom central vein stenosis arose were selected for the study. A total of 28 percutaneous interventions(5 PTA and 23 stent placement) were performed, and restenosis rate and the time taken till the restenosis in de novo lesions and instant lesions were compared. All 28 cases were operated successfully. The 14 cases that received both anigioplasty and stent placement initially. (de novo lesion : 14 cases), Among the 10 cases with de novo lesion that followed up more than 1 year, 3 cases are currently undergoing hemodialysis without restenosis, and the remaining 7 cases have recurred stenosis with the mean time to restenosis of 10.9 months. In the 7 cases in whom stenosis recurred, 11 interventions were done(instent lesion: 11 cases). 4 of these were using only ballon angioplasty with 100% restenosis rate and the mean time of 3 months until restenosis. The remaining 7 cases were using both balloon angioplasty and stent placement, also with 100% restenosis rate but with the mean time of 12 months until restenosis, which was later than the group receiving only balloon angioplasty. In treating the patients with central vein stenosis, stent placement seems to be more advantageous over PTA in terms of restenosis rate and the mean duration of patency. In the case of instent lesion, inserting the stent for the second time after stenosis recurred lengthened the duration of patency compared to performing balloon angioplasty alone.

A Study on Improvement and Degradation of Si/SiO2 Interface Property for Gate Oxide with TiN Metal Gate

이병현,Yong-Il Kim,Bong-Soo Kim,Dong-Soo Woo,Yong-Jik Park,Dong-Gun Park,Si-Hyung Lee,Yonghan Rho 한국전기전자재료학회 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1

In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve Si/SiO₂ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state (Nit) respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of Nit for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of Si/SiO₂ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and SiO₂.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

블록2D FFT를 이용한 지문 특이점 추출

이연우,김혜경,남시병 삼척대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2001 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.1

In this paper, we propose a minutiae extraction algorithm using the block 2D FFT from the binarization fingerprint images. At first, binary fingerprint images carry out the histogram equalization and block binarization processing. For extract fingerprint minutiae, we executed the 2D FFT to block that divided into the 32×32 blocks from binarization image. Next step is removing the pseudo minutiae from the block for the minutiae extraction. Removing Pseudo minutiae processes executed the removing horizontal, vertical direction elements and diagonal lines. So that it extracts the core and delta points remained which include the blocks. In the end, we extract the minutiae by removing the block part of the delta point. Also, we gained efficient throughput 88% extraction rate of minutiae to the number of 50 fingerprint image.

저자장 측정을 위한 자기 센서

이철우,김시헌,남태철 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

This paper describes the highly-sensitive magnetic sensor which can measure the weak magnetic field. Generally, the most important parameters in Hall device which degrade the ability of magnetic detection are the variation of offset according to the variation of temperature and the noises of Hall device and the amplifiers. In this paper, we use a Hall element and compensating circuits to reduce the offset and to make operation of Hall device independent on temperature. The Hall element itself has showed the value of 0.857mV of offset voltage. But we have lowered the offset voltage to 14.34 μV with the compensating circuits. In practice, we have realized the highly-sensitive magnetic sensor for low magnetic field. As a result, the constructed magnetic sensor has showed the magnetic sensitivity of the value of 100 mV/G. The minimum detectable magnetic field of this system with highly-sensitive magnetic sensor is as possible as 0.1 mG.

신체적 긴장후에 유발되고 애성이 동반된 대동맥 박리 1예

이기현,박시훈,신길자,이우형 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1995 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.18 No.4

본 저자들은 고혈압이나 지지조직의 병변, 선천성 심장질환등의 유발 인자 없이 지내던 환자가 갑작스런 신체적긴장으로 흉통이 유발된 후 진행성 애성이 발생하여 애성의 원인 진단 및 치료를 목적으로 내원한 후 대동맥 박리를 진단받은 사례를 경험하였기에 이에 보고하는 바이다 Aortic dissection is caused by a circumferential or transverse tear of the intima by a discrepancy between the strength of the aortic wall and the intraluminal pressure. Arterial hypertension seems clearly to be a factor in the genesis of aortic dissection. An elevated blood pressure or evidence of its existence can be found in 70-80 percent of patients. Other factors predisposing to aortic dissection are congenital disorder of connective tissue, vasculitis, etc. But trauma or physical strain is unusual cause of classic dissection. Diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography, aortography or echocardiography. A 62-year-old man without a history of hypertension, emphysema or congestive heart failure visited our hospital because of hoarseness which developed suddenly during the physical strain. A contrast material-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan was performed at an other hospital due to hoarseness, mild fever and general weakness. Then he visited to our ENT department and performed laryngeal CT due to hoarseness. The CT shows somewhat mass-like soft tissue, so he was transferred to our internal medical department. The chest CT scan and simple chest PA was done and we found a dissecting aneurysm. This case developed by Physical strain and diagnosed by hoarseness is unusual and rare.

칠성무당벌레의 진딧물 捕食能力 및 人工飼育에 關한 基礎的 硏究

李時雨,崔承允 서울大學校 農科大學 1983 서울대농학연구지 Vol.8 No.2

Some experiments were conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the aphidivorous activity of coccinelied beetles(Coccinella septempunctata brucki Mulsant) and the development of the beetles fed on aphids, and the feeding preference and larval survivorship of the insects fed on the pollen and dry powders of silkworm larvae, silkworm pupae and egg yolks for the preliminary study of artificial mass-rearing of the beetles. The aphidivorous activity greatly differed with the developmental stages of the beetles and was also greatly influenced by temperatures. The adults of Coccinella. when provided with an abundant number of aphids (Aphis sasakii), consumed ca. 62.0 aphids per day. The larvae in the alter instars of Coccinella species consumed more aphids (Aphis glycines) than those in the early instars did. The larvae in the last instar preyed more number of aphids per day than the adults; average number of aphids consumed by the last instar larva and the adult was 91.1 and 83.8, respectively. Aphidivorous activity of the larvae in the first instars greatly increased with a rise in temperature. Average number of eggs per egg-mass of Coccinella fed on aphids was 30.6±10.2. The hatchability of the eggs obtained in the laboratory was relatively low and the aberage percent hatchability was 83.1%. The larval and pupal development of Coccinella was more rapid at 30。C than at 25。C, but the rates of pupation and emergence was reater greatly higher at 25。C than 30。C. AT 15。C, all the larvae could not develop into the pupal stage, and at 20。C to 30。C relatively large number of larvae could develop into pupal and adult stage. The average period in days required for development of Coccinella at 25。C was 2 for the 1st larval instar, 2 for the 2nd larval instar, 2.4 for the 3rd larval instar, 3.6 for the 4th larval instar, and 6 for the pupal stage. The adult beetles of Coccinella werw much more attracted for feeding by the pollen than by the dry powders of silkworm pupae and of egg-yolk. Most young larvaes of Coccinella survived for several days on the pollen and dry powders of silkworm pupae and of egg-yolk without sugar in them.

Vitamin-C 유도체의 合成과 항산화제에 대한 效果

李愚鵬,김시호 慶北大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

High yields(85%) of 6-fatty acid esters of L-ascorbic acid were obtained by reacting L-ascorbic acid(16mmol) in 98% sulfuric acid for 72hr at 20℃ with 36% excess fatty acid. In concentrated sulfuric acid, L-ascorbic acid was rapidly sulfated to produce mainly L-ascorbyl 6-sulfate, which slowly reacted with fatty acid to produce L-ascorbyl 6-acylate. A simple, rapid, precise, and reporduciable method and an adaptable apparatus for polarographic measurement of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity is described. This method measures antioxidant activity within a few min. This antioxidants effects are increased if the carbon number is increase.