건물의 에너지 효율을 위한 건축적 계획 방법 연구 : 자연실온과 환경 디자인 요소의 상관도 분석을 중심으로 Focused on Correlation Analysis of NART and Environmental Design Factors

장용성,이현수,서승직,박효순 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.2

This study intends to deriving the equation of non-airconditioned room temperature(hereafter referred to as NART) prediction from the correlation analysis of the influence of environmental design factors on the building. The relation between the NART and environmental design factors was analysed by using correlation coefficients. The equation of NART prediction was derived from the regression analysis by experimentation and simulation. In this study, the main results are summarized as follows: The average NART of experiment and simulation were evaluated to 22.0℃ and 22.6℃, respectively. An error of simulation was the 2.7%. The results from correlation analysis was con-elated with the daily average outdoor temperature, soil temperature, solar intensity, relative humidity, and air velocity in order. Con-elation coefficients of the daily average outdoor temperature, NART, and peak air conditioning load were over the 0.75. According to the sensitivity analysis of environmental design factors and air conditioning load in reference model, the influence of air infiltration and window surface ratio were more than outside insultion.

단독주택의 에너지효율 등급설정 및 인증기준(안) 연구

장용성,홍성희,박효순,서승직 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.12

This study aimed to make out certification criterion and establishment of the energy efficiency rating of a detached house To this end, we surveyed the energy consumption and plan type of a existing detached house And we also set a reference house throughout a investigation data and developed simple energy analysis software program for a energy performance evaluation of a detached house A energy efficiency rating of a detached house was established by a comparison and analysis of heating energy simulation result according to variation of the U-value of a window and construction, ratio of a window area, setting temperature of a room and air change of rate

壁 附着型 自然 換氣 시스템의 性能 分析

장용성,서승직,박효순 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

A mathematical model of a natural ventilation system by solar chimney effect equipped with south wall was proposed in order to predict its performance under varying climates(summer and winter). Unsteady state heat transfer equations were set up using a energy balanced equation and solved using Gauss-Seidel iteration solution procedure. The ventilation performance of the solar chimney as determined from the air gap, outlet temperature, mass flow rate, ventilation rate according to the system height and instantaneous heat collection efficiency of the solar chimney are examined. As a result, this numerical study shows that system efficiency of winter mode is better than summer mode. Satisfactory correlation was obtained with theoretical and numerical analysis data. Further experimental study is required to establish complete system.

램프 틸트에 의한 언로드 특성 분석

이용현 ( Yong Hyun Lee ),김기훈 ( Ki Hoon Kim ),김석환 ( Seok Hwan Kim ),이상직 ( Sang Jik Lee ),박노철 ( No Cheol Park ),박영필 ( Young Pil Park ),박경수 ( Kyoung Su Park ),김철순 ( Cheol Soon Kim ),유진규 ( Jin Gyu Yoo ) 정보저장시스템학회 2009 정보저장시스템학회논문집 Vol.5 No.2

알루미늄·철 산화물 동시피복모래에서 Bacillus subtilis의 부착

박성직(Seong Jik Park),이창구(Chang Gu Lee),한용운(Yong Un Han),박정안(Jeong Ann Park),김성배(Song Bae Kim) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.7

본 연구에서는 칼럼실험을 이용하여 알루미늄·철 산화물 동시피복모래에서 박테리아(Bacillus subtilis)의 부착에 산화음이온(질산염, 탄산염, 인산염)이 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험결과, 질산염의 경우 피복모래에서의 박테리아 부착은 질산염 이온의 농도변화와 무관하였다. 질산염의 농도가 변화함에 따라(0.1, 1, 10 mM) 질량회수율은 10.9±0.2 %로 일정하였다. 탄산염의 경우 농도가 0.1 mM에서 1 mM로 증가함에 따라 질량회수율이 25.6%에서 39.0%로 증가하였고, 인산염의 경우에도 동일한 농도조건에서 50.9%에서 78.9%로 증가하였다. 이러한 현상은 박테리아 부착에 대한 탄산염과 인산염 이온의 방해효과 때문이었다. 반면, 탄산염/인산염의 농도가 1 mM에서 10 mM로 증가함에 따라 질량회수율이 각각 39.0%에서 23.8%로 78.9%에서 52.6%로 감소하였다. 이러한 현상은 탄산염/인산염의 농도증가에 따라 피복모래표면에 흡착되지 않고 수용액상에 존재하는 탄산염이나 인산염 이온이 이온강도를 증가시킴으로써 일어나는 박테리아 부착에 대한 증진효과 때문이었다. 본 실험조건에서 피복모래에서의 박테리아 부착에 미치는 영향은 인산염, 탄산염, 그리고 질산염 중, 인산염이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. This study investigated the influence of oxyanions (nitrate, carbonate, phosphate) on the attachment of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) to Al-Fe bimetallic oxide-coated sand using column experiments. Results showed that bacterial attachment to the coated sand was independent of nitrate concentration. Bacterial mass recovery remained constant (10.9 0.2%) with varying nitrate concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 mM). In case of carbonate, mass recovery increased from 25.6% to 39.0% with increasing carbonate concentration from 0.1 mM to 1 mM, and mass recovery also increased from 50.9% to 78.9% at the same concentration condition in case of phosphate. This phenomenon could be attributed to the hindrance effect of carbonate and phosphate to bacterial attachment to the coated sand. Meanwhile, with increasing carbonate/phosphate concentration from 1 mM to 10 mM, mass recovery decreased from 39.0% to 23.8% and from 78.9% to 52.6%, respectively. This phenomenon could be ascribed to the enhancement effect of free carbonate/phosphate ions present in solution phase due to increasing carbonate/phosphate concentration, which increase ionic strength and thus enhance bacterial attachment to the coated sand. In our experimental conditions, the effect of phosphate to bacterial attachment to the coated sand was the greatest among phosphate, carbonate, and nitrate.

초장대 해저터널 및 대심도 복층터널 화재안전기술 개발 연구단 소개

박병직(Byoung-Jik Park),유용호(Yong-Ho Yoo),신현준(Hyun-Jun Shin),박진욱(Jin-Ouk Park),김휘성(Hwi-Seong Kim) 대한설비공학회 2017 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

보령-태안 해저터널(총연장 : 7 km)이 2018 년 완공을 목표로 건설 중이며, 한·일, 한·중 해저터널이 계획 중에 있다. 국외의 대표적인 해저터널로는 유로터널(프랑스-영국, 총연장 : 50.45 km, 1994 년 완공)이 있으며, 홍콩 해저터널(중국, 총연장 : 9 km), 보스포러스 해저터널(터키, 총연장 : 14.6 km)이 국내 기업에 의해 해외에서 추진 중에 있다. 유로터널 화재(1996) 및 몽블랑 터널 화재(1999), 고타드 터널(2001)의 대규모 터널 화재로 인하여 터널방재에 대한 많은 투자와 연구가 진행 중에 있다. ‘초장대 해저터널의 화재 및 유지관리 기술개발’ 연구단은 해저터널이 갖는 특수성을 고려하여, 기존의 일반터널 방재설계 이외에도 효율적인 환기 및 방재에 관한 연구를 하고 있다. 서울 및 수도권에서 교통 집중과 정체로 인해 약 12.5조원/년의 경제적 손실이 발생 하고, 서울에서만 약 16조원의 교통혼잡 비용이 발생 하는 것으로 예상되고 있어, 유럽 등 선진국과 같이 대심도 지하 네트워크 설계 및 시공기술의 확보가 시급한 실정이다. 국내 도심지 지상교통의 대규모 혼잡으로 발생되는 경제적인 손실을 해소하기 위해 지하 40m 이상의 대심도 지하도로가 계획되고 있으며, 안전한 장대 지하도로 구축을 위해 국내 지침에 의거하여 1등급 방재시설이 적용되어야 한다. 이에 ‘복층터널 환기 및 화재안전 기술 개발’ 연구단은 지하 네트워크의 환기 및 화재 안전에 대응하고, 복층터널 구조체의 손상평가 기술 개발을 최종목표로 정하였다.

수막형성기술을 활용한 가연성 복합패널 화재확산 방지 시스템 개발

박병직(Byoung-Jik Park),유용호(Yong-Ho Yoo),김양균(Yangkyun Kim),박진욱(Jin-Ouk Park),김휘성(Hwi-Seong Kim) 한국화재소방학회 2020 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.34 No.6

복합패널은 철판재질의 강판에 스티로폼, 그라스울, 우레탄 등을 넣고 첩착제로 일체화하여 제작한다. 시공성, 경제성, 단열성이 뛰어나기 때문에 공장 및 창고 등의 건축물 재료로 많이 사용되고 있다. 그러나 최근까지 대형화재가계속해서 발생하여 화재 안전성에 대한 문제가 계속해서 드러났다. 복합패널은 소화수가 심재에 직접 침투하기 어렵기 때문에 직접 소화가 어렵고, 심재는 불완전 연소하기 때문에 연소 시 다량의 유독가스가 방출되어 대규모 인명피해가 발생할 수 있으며, 붕괴의 우려가 있기 때문에 소화활동이 매우 어렵다. 기존 연구를 통해서 화재 발생 시 적극적인 화재 진압을 위하여 복합패널 전용 화재확산 방지 시스템을 개발하였다. 관련된 시험법을 검토하였으며 실물화재실험을 통해서 성능을 확인하였다. 개발된 시스템이 적용하지 않은 복합패널 구조물은 5 min 후에 전소되었으며,개발된 시스템이 적용된 구조물은 15 min이 넘어도 그을림만 남았다. 가상의 공장건물에 개발된 시스템을 적용하여설계하였으며, 시공 기준(안)을 검토하였다. Composite panels are designed to be fabricated by adding Styrofoam, glass wool, and urethane into steel plates beforeintegration with adhesive materials. As these panels exhibit good workability, cost efficiency, and heat insulationperformance, they are widely used as building materials for plant or storage facilities. However, fire safety still needs tobe addressed, because these panels can potentially cause large fires. As firewater cannot easily penetrate the material insidethe panel, extinguishing any fires caused is difficult. Furthermore, the imperfect combustion of the core material tends togenerate a large volume of toxic gas, resulting in serious damage to human life. In addition, the high risk of collapse makesfire-fighting activities more difficult. Flame spread prevention systems optimized for composite panels have been developedfor more effective fire suppression based on accumulative research outcomes obtained thus far. Related test methods werereviewed before successfully demonstrating the performance of the developed systems. The existing composite panelstructure—wherein the developed system was not applied-burned out after 5 min; however, when the developed system wasapplied to the composite panels, the structure was covered in soot after 15 min. The structure was designed by applyingthe developed system to a virtual factory building, and the construction standard was reviewed.

A Study on Improvement and Degradation of Si/SiO₂ Interface Property for Gate Oxide with TiN Metal Gate

Lee, Byung-Hyun,Kim, Yong-Il,Kim, Bong-Soo,Woo, Dong-Soo,Park, Yong-Jik,Park, Dong-Gun,Lee, Si-Hyung,Rho, Yong-Han The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2008 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.9 No.1

In this study, we investigated effects of hydrogen annealing (HA) and plasma nitridation (PN) applied in order to improve $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristics of TiN metal gate. In result, HA and PN showed a positive effect decreasing number of interface state $(N_{it})$ respectively. After FN stress for verifying reliability, however, we identified rapid increase of $N_{it}$ for TiN gate with HA, which is attributed to hydrogen related to a change of $Si/SiO_2$ interface characteristic. In contrast to HA, PN showed an improved Nit and gate oxide leakage characteristic due to several possible effects, such as blocking of Chlorine (Cl) diffusion and prevention of thermal reaction between TiN and $SiO_2$.

Prediction of Dispersal Directions and Ranges of Volcanic Ashes from the Possible Eruption of Mt. Baekdu

Seung-Yeon Lee,Gil-Yong Suh,Soo-Yeon Park,Yeon-Su Kim,Jong-Hyun Nam,Seung-Hyun Yu,Ji-Hoon Park,Sang-Jik Kim,Yong-Sun Kim,Sun-Yong Park,Ja-Young Yun,Yu-Jin Jang,Se-Won Min,So-Jung Noh,Sung-Chul Kim,Kyo 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.1

To predict the influence of volcano eruption on agriculture in South Korea we evaluated the dispersal ranges of the volcanic ashes toward the South Korea based on the possibilities of volcano eruption in Mt. Baekdu. The possibilities of volcano eruption in Mt. Baekdu have been still being intensified by the signals including magmatic unrest of the volcano and the frequency of volcanic earthquakes swarm, the horizontal displacement and vertical uplift around the Mt. Baekdu, the temperature rises of hot springs, high ratios of N₂/O₂ and ₃He/₄He in volcanic gases. The dispersal direction and ranges and the predicted amount of volcanic ash can be significantly influenced by Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) and the trend of seasonal wind. The prediction of volcanic ash dispersion by the model showed that the ash cloud extended to Ulleung Island and Japan within 9 hours and 24 hours by the northwestern monsoon wind in winter while the ash cloud extended to northern side by the south-east monsoon wind during June and September. However, the ash cloud may extent to Seoul and southwest coast within 9 hours and 15 hours by northern wind in winter, leading to severe ash deposits over the whole area of South Korea, although the thickness of the ash deposits generally decreases exponentially with increasing distance from a volcano. In case of VEI 7, the ash deposits of Daejeon and Gangneung are 1.31 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> g m<SUP>-2</SUP> and 1.80 × 10<SUP>5</SUP> g m<SUP>-2</SUP>, respectively. In addition, ash particles may compact close together after they fall to the ground, resulting in increase of the bulk density that can alter the soil physical and chemical properties detrimental to agricultural practices and crop growth.

Prediction of Dispersal Directions and Ranges of Volcanic Ashes from the Possible Eruption of Mt. Baekdu

Lee, Seung-Yeon,Suh, Gil-Yong,Park, Soo-Yeon,Kim, Yeon-Su,Nam, Jong-Hyun,Yu, Seung-Hyun,Park, Ji-Hoon,Kim, Sang-Jik,Kim, Yong-Sun,Park, Sun-Yong,Yun, Ja-Young,Jang, Yu-Jin,Min, Se-Won,Noh, So-Jung,Kim Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.1

To predict the influence of volcano eruption on agriculture in South Korea we evaluated the dispersal ranges of the volcanic ashes toward the South Korea based on the possibilities of volcano eruption in Mt. Baekdu. The possibilities of volcano eruption in Mt. Baekdu have been still being intensified by the signals including magmatic unrest of the volcano and the frequency of volcanic earthquakes swarm, the horizontal displacement and vertical uplift around the Mt. Baekdu, the temperature rises of hot springs, high ratios of $N_2/O_2$ and $_3He/_4He$ in volcanic gases. The dispersal direction and ranges and the predicted amount of volcanic ash can be significantly influenced by Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) and the trend of seasonal wind. The prediction of volcanic ash dispersion by the model showed that the ash cloud extended to Ulleung Island and Japan within 9 hours and 24 hours by the northwestern monsoon wind in winter while the ash cloud extended to northern side by the south-east monsoon wind during June and September. However, the ash cloud may extent to Seoul and southwest coast within 9 hours and 15 hours by northern wind in winter, leading to severe ash deposits over the whole area of South Korea, although the thickness of the ash deposits generally decreases exponentially with increasing distance from a volcano. In case of VEI 7, the ash deposits of Daejeon and Gangneung are $1.31{\times}10^4g\;m^{-2}$ and $1.80{\times}10^5g\;m^{-2}$, respectively. In addition, ash particles may compact close together after they fall to the ground, resulting in increase of the bulk density that can alter the soil physical and chemical properties detrimental to agricultural practices and crop growth.