"노벨문학상"과 한국 문학의 자기 인식-가와바타 야스나리의 『설국』과 마르케스의 『백년 동안의 고독』을 중심으로-

정종현 ( Jeong Jong-hyun ) 반교어문학회 2016 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.43

한국사회에서는 노벨문학상의 보편성에 대한 거의 이의없는 믿음이 자리하고 있다. 노벨문학상 수상작은 곧바로 ``현대 正典``으로 승인되었으며, 독서시장에서 강력한 상품으로 유통되었다. 그 중에서도 해방 이후 한국 사회에서 큰 붐을 일으킨 것이 가와바타 야스나리의 『설국』과 마르케스의 『백년 동안의 고독』이다. 이 두 작품은 독서대중들에게 큰 반향을 불러 일으켰을 뿐만 아니라, 한국문단의 자기인식에도 중요한 영향을 끼쳤다. 박종화, 조연현 등 한국문학의 식민지 세대들에게 가와바타의 노벨상 수상은 같은 동양문화권에 속하는 한국문학의 노벨상 수상 가능성으로 변환되었다. 이들의 논의에서 가와바타의 일본적 특수성과 등가를 이루는 한국적 특수성은 서구적 보편성을 보충하는 동일한 가치를 지닌 동양적 전통으로 간주되었다. 1960년대 한국문학의 신세대들인 김치수, 염무웅 등은 가와바타 붐의 퇴영성과 그 문학의 몰역사성을 비판했다. 『백년 동안의 고독』 역시 대중적 열독과 더불어 한국문학의 자기인식에 중요한 전거로 활용되었다. 백낙청, 구중서 등은 마르케스를 고평하면서도 그의 문학적 수법과 환상성을 서구 제국의 가치가 투영된 것이자 ``민족문학``의 리얼리즘에는 미달한 결여태로 간주하였다. 이에 반해 이문열 등의 논법에서 마르케스의 문학성은 1970년대 교조적 참여론을 비판하는 거점으로 활용되기도 했다. 이처럼 노벨문학상은 한국의 독서문화장과 한국문학 엘리트들의 자기인식에서 중요한 사유의 참조점으로 작동한 세계적 제도였다. In Korean society, an almost undisputed belief in the universality of Nobel Prize for Literature is situated. Nobel literature prize winning was directly approved as ``modern Canon(正典).`` What touched off a big boom in Korean society following the liberation even out of it includes Gawabata Yasnari(川端康成)`s 『Yukiguni(雪國)』 and Marques`s 『One Hundred Years of Solitude』. These two works not only had a great resonance with the reading masses, but also had important influence even upon self-awareness of the Korean literary circle. As for the colonial generations of Korean literature like Park Jong-hwa, Jo Yeon-hyeon and others, Gawabata`s Nobel Prize was changed into the possibility of Nobel Prize in Korean literature that belongs to the same Oriental culture area. Korean-style distinctiveness, which forms equivalence to Gawabata`s Japanese-style distinctiveness in these discussions, was regarded as the Oriental tradition that has the same value of supplementing Western universality. Kim Chi-su, Yeom Mu-ung and others, who are new generations of Korean literature in the 1960s, criticized the retrogression of a boom in Gawabata and the lack of historicity in its literature. 『One Hundred Years of Solitude』 was also utilized as an important source of self-awareness in Korean literature along with the popular perusal. Baek Nak-cheong, Gu Jung-seo and others gave an excellent opinion to Marques, but regarded his literary technique and illusion as what was reflected the value of Western empire and as what falls short of realism in ``national literature.`` Contrary to this, in the logic by Lee Mun-yeol and others, Marques`s literary value was ever applied to the foothold of criticizing the dogmatic participation theory in the 1970s. In this way, the Nobel Prize for Literature was a global draft that functioned as the reference point of important reason in Korea`s reading culture ground and in Korean literary elites` self-awareness.

麻黃의 사람 비점막 섬유아세포 monocyte chemotactic protein 중 MCP - 1 , MCP - 2 , 및 MCP - 3 분비에 대한 효과

김현미,이향숙,김정선,조정제,유영천,안현종,최훈,임강현 대한본초학회 2002 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

Recent reports have proposed that Ephedrae Herba may modulate the immune response on allergy or asthma. Human nasal mucosal fibroblasts are a rich source cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and chemokines. Chemokines are important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of infection, which is essential in host defense. Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ephedrae Herba on the release of the chemokines such as monocyte chemotactic protein(MCP)-1, MCP-2, and MCP-3 in human nasal mucosal fibroblasts after stimulation with cytokines like tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF-α), interferon-γ(IFN-γ), and interleukin -1β(IL-1β).

일본제국대학(日本帝國大學)의 조선유학생(朝鮮留學生) 연구(硏究)(1) -경도제국대학(京都帝國大學) 조선유학생의 현황, 사회경제적 출신 배경, 졸업 후 경력을 중심으로

정종현 ( Jong Hyun Jeong ),( Mizuno Naoki ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2012 大東文化硏究 Vol.80 No.-

이 글은 개교(1897) 이래 1945년 8월 15일까지 교토제국대학의 조선인 유학생 졸업자 236명의 명단을 추출하고 그들의 학부별 현황, 사회경제적 배경 및 출신고 교, 졸업 이후 식민지 사회에서의 사회적 경력과 해방 이후 남북한에서의 사회적 역 할 등을 다양한 자료를 통해 정리하여 목록화하고 해제한 연구이다. 1년 동안 교토 대학 방문 연구를 통해 수행된 본 연구의 목록은 교토제국대학이 발간한 공식자료 와 당대 조선 유학생들이 생성한 자료, 해방 이후 재일조선인사회의 교토대학 출신 들이 남긴 자료, 아직 생존해 있는 교토제국대학 출신의 백종원(白宗元)(1948, 경제학부졸(經濟學部卒)), 강상균(姜祥均)(1950, 법학부졸(法學部卒)) 두 졸업생과의 인터뷰를 통해 구성한 구술자료 및 다양한 회고록과 고등문관시험 합격자의 총독부 신원조회, 조선총독부 직원록, 각종 인명사전 등을 기반으로 하여 작성되었다. 이들 자료의 분석을 통해 식민지 유력자 집단의 교육을 통한 재생산의 실상을 확인할 수 있었으며, 졸업 이후 제국대학 출신 자들의 사회적 경력이 대부분 관료로 이어지고 있는 점을 논증함으로써 식민지 권력과 제국대학 출신 지식인 집단의 밀월관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 동시에 그들의 의 식이 제국대학 출신의 특권의식과 피식민지인으로서의 분노 사이에서 균열되며 식 민지 권력과 불화하는 측면을 확인할 수 있었다. 전체적인 이력의 조사를 통해서 식 민지 및 남북한 사회의 제영역에서 그들이 사회적 중추를 형성하고 있다는 점을 논증할 수 있었다. 본 연구를 향후 여타 제국대학으로 확장하여 제국대학의 조선인 유학생 전모를 파악하는 것이 향후의 과제이다. The purpose of this study was to examine Korean students who studied at Kyoto University in Japan. A list of 236 Korean students who graduated from that university since its foundation in 1897 till August 15, 1945, was obtained, and a wide variety of materials were analyzed to investigate the state of their departments, their socioeconomic background, alma mater, social career in the colony after graduation and social roles in South or North Korea after the liberation of the nation to prepare their bibliographical notes. The bibliography was prepared by visiting the university for a year and based on the official data released by the university, data provided by contemporary Korean students studying there, and data offered after the liberation of the nation by Korean residents in Japan who graduated from that university. And additional data were utilized: oral statements of two graduates from that university, various memoirs and biographical dictionaries. Two graduates who were still alive were interviewed to obtain their oral statements. One was Baek Jong-won who graduated in 1948 from the college of economics, and the other was Kang Sang-kyun who graduated in 1950 from the college of laws. Besides, a relevant organization was asked to confirm the successful applicants for the higher civil official examination administered by the then government-general, and the staff list of the Joseon government-general was consulted as well. The analysis of these data made it possible to check how contemporary influential people continued to be produced through education in the colony, and it showed that as for the social career of the graduates of Kyoto University, most of them became bureaucrats, which indicated the honeymoon relationship between contemporary power of the colony and the intellectuals who graduated from that university. At the same time, it``s found that they were torn between the sense of privilege as graduates of Kyoto university and wrath as colonials, which implied that they were in conflicts with contemporary power. As a result of analyzing their entire career, it``s found that they were leading figures not only during the Japanese occupation but in every field of South Korea and North Korea. In the future, it``s required to examine Korean students at other Japanese universities during the Japanese occupation to offer an overview of their life and career.

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

고등학생의 태권도 교육과 정서발달의 관계

정국현,심일섭,김종욱 한국체육대학교 교양교육연구소 2002 韓國體育大學校 敎養敎育論文集 Vol.- No.7

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Taekwon-do training on high school student’s emotional development. For this purpose, 651(male=334, female=317) high school student’s were select as subjects. The questionnaire that was used Kang(1996) was also used in this study. The statistics selected in this study were descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Schefe post hoc test. As a result of the analyses of collected data, the following conclusions were obtained: firstly, there was a significant difference in high school student's emotional development by socio-demographic variables. Secondly, high school student's fear response is different according to their level of Taekwon-do training.

혈액투석 환자에게서 발생한 재생불량성 빈혈 1예

정지용,윤나라,강대웅,오종찬,장재현,선길홍,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow with the fatty infiltration. The causes of the acquired aplastic anemia were usually related to drugs and immune-related diseases. A 34-years old man was admitted due to general weakness. He has been going hemodialysis for 2 years because of end stage renal disease (ESRD) due to chronic glomerulonephritis. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 6.2 g/dL, hematocrit 18.0 %, WBC 5,710mm (neutrophil 71.8%, lymphocyte 19.1%, monocyte 5.9%), reticulocyte 1.9%, platelet 93,000/mm, Fe 12.8 ug/dL, TIBC 204 ug/dL, ferritin 941.47 ng /ml, haptoglobin 0.72 g/L, vitamin B12 508.17 pmol/L, folate 24 ng/mL, total protein 6.54 g/dL, albumin 3.76 g/dL, Alk. pohsphatase 79 IU/L, AST 30.0 IU/L, ALT 39.7 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.57 mg/dl, BUN 79.4 mg/dl and creatinine 10.18 mg/dl. Peripheral blood smear showed the normocytic normochromic anemia with anisocytosis. Anemia was diagnosed but it was irresponsive to the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and blood transfusion. In the bone marrow aspiration smear were there the hypoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors. The bone marrow biopsy section showed the hypoplasia of all components (10-20%) and the fatty infiltration. We have experienced one case of the idiopathic aplastic anemia in a patient going through hemodialysis and we just report it with documentary records. 저자들은 혈액 투석 중인 환자에서 약물, 면역계 이상등의 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 재생 불량성 빈혈이 발생한 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

받침 액막을 이용한 페놀의 분리(1)

정은영,김종현,김영일,카세게르 C. F 동서대학교부설연구소 1997 연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The pseparation phenol from the aqueous solution was carried out at 25℃ in a supported liquid membrane of batch type using benzene or dibenzo-18-crown-6 as carrier and waster or NaOH aqueous solutions as stripping side. The mass transfer phenomenon of phenol was investigated using theoretical model based on the mass transfer with or without chemical reaction in the stripping side. Overall mass transfer coefficients of phenol were measured with the pseud대 first order reaction type, from which the individual mass transfer coefficients were obtained. No significant influence of initial concentration of phenol and NaOH solutions and of agitation speed on overall mass transfer coefficient was found, but the increase of initial concentration of carrier showed a linear increase on liquid membrane mass transfer coefficient which means that carrier played an important role in this system.

남성유방에서 발생한 침윤성 선암종 1 예 : Report of a case

정유경,문현준,전호종 조선대학교 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.1

Male breast cancer is rare compared to female breast cancer, about 1% or all breast cane or. The cause of male breast cancer is as poorly understood, but several etiologic factors have been suggested in the literature. Proposed risk factors include exogenous estrogen exposure, Klinefelter’s syndrome, gynecomastia and familial clustering. All of the microscopic types identified in the female breast have been encountered in males : the most common type is infiltrating duct carcinoma. Most often, it presents as a painless lump and subareolar in origin. Comparison with female breast cancer reveals no difference with regard to incidence of positive axillary lymph nodes. However there is a sightly lower survival rate for men. The stage of disease is the only parameter that significantly affects outcome. We report a case of breast cancer arising right subareolar area in a 57 year-old male. There were no familial history, Klinefelter's syndrome and microscopic evidence of gynecomastia. Histologically, this tumor was infiltrating duct carcinoma disposed in nests sometimes glands .

뇌동맥류 수술환자의 정신신경학적 분석

정현태,박순필,김상진,도종웅 대한신경외과학회 1987 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.16 No.4

The mortality rate of aneurysmal surgery had recently been reduced remarkably due to mordern microsurgical technique and refinement of the timing of operation. Despite recovery without neurological deficits, many patients remain with emotional and psychological sequelae postoperatively. We evaluated 33 patients, operated on intracranial aneurysm for recent 2 years, about quality of life and degree of cognitive function. For proper evaluation of outcome of aneurysmal surgery, in addition to the neurological outcome, psychological aspects must be considered.

사회적 음주자에서 매운 맛 선호도가 급성 음주 반응에 대한 Naltrexone 효과에 미치는 영향

정희정,김성곤,김종현,박숙현,강철중 大韓神經精神醫學會 2007 신경정신의학 Vol.46 No.6

Capsaicin과 알코올이 각각 중추신경 아편계 활성도를 증가시킨다는 선행 연구들이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 매운맛 선호도에 따라 급성 음주 반응에 차이가 있는지와 급성 음주 반응에 naltrexone이 미치는 영향에 차이가 있는지를 조사하고자 하였다. 12명의 의과대학 남학생을 대상으로 두 군으로 나눈 후 cross-over design을 사용하여, 한 군(6명)은 naltrexone 25 mg을 실험 1일째에, 50 mg을 실험 2일러에 주었고, 다른 군(6명)은 naltrexone 25 mg을 실험 8일째에, 50mg을 실험 9일째에 주었다. 실험 2일째와 9일째에 각대상자의 Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES)로 측정한 급성 음주 반응과 음주갈망, 혈중알코을 농도 등을 음주 전, 음주(0.6 ml/kg) 후 15분, 30분, 60분에 측정하였다. 통계 분석 시 Food Preference Scale 점수에 따라 모든 대상자를 매운 맛을 선호하는 군(strong preference for hot food, SP)과 매운 맛을 덜 선호하는 군(lesser preference for hot food, LP)의 두 군으로 다시 나누어 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) Naltrexone을 투여 여부에 관계없이 알코올의 급성 흥분 효과는 매운 맛 선호도에 따른 차이가 없었다. 그리고 LP에서도 naltrexone의 투여 여부에 따른 알코올의 급성 흥분 효과의 차이가 없었다. 그러나 SP에서는 알코올의 급성 흥분 효과가 naltrexone 투여 시 유의하게 억제되었다. 2) 알코올의 급성 진정 효과, 음주 갈망 및 혈중 알코올 농도는 매운 맛 선호도 혹은 naltrexone 투여 여부에 따른 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서 매운맛을 선호하는 경우 알코올의 급성 흥분효과가 naltrexone에 의해 억제되었다. 이것으로 naltrexone이 매운맛을 선호하는 군에서 알코을 의존 재발 예방 효과가 더 클 가능성을 제시한다. Objectives : Both capsaicin, a pungent substance of hot food, and alcohol, are known to affect central opioid activity. The purpose ofthis study was to investigate the difference in the subjective acute responses to alcohol and the effect of naltrexone on them among those who prefer hot food to varying degrees. Methods : Twelve male medical students were divided into two groups using a cross-over design. One group was given naltrexone on only the first (25 mg) and the second day (50 mg), and the other group was given naltrexone on only the eighth (25 mg) and the ninth day (50 mg). On the second and the ninth day, the acute effect of alcohol was assessed in all subjects, using the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES) just before drinking and at 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after drinking (0.6 ml/kg). Alcohol craving was also measured, using Visual Analogue Scale for craving (VAS-C) and blood alcohol concentration (BAC), at the same interval. For statistical analysis, subjects of both group were re-divided into two group, those with a strong preference and those with a less preference (LP) for hot (spicy) food (SP), using the Food Preference Scale. Results : 1) Repeated measures of ANOVA (2 preference groupsX4 time blocks) on the stimulative subscale of BAES yielded no significant group by block interaction of naltrexone administration. Repeated measures of ANOVA (2 drug groupsX4 time blocks) on the stimulative subscale of BAES revealed a significant group by block interaction in SP (p=0.028), but not in LP. The paired t-test revealed that significant suppression of the stimulative subscale of BAES was observed at 15 minutes and 30 minutes after drinking when naltrexone condition was compared with no-medication condition in SP(p=0.014 ; p=0.007). 2) For the sedative subscale ofBAES, VAS-C and BAC, repeated measures of ANOVA yielded nosignificant group by block interaction by either hot food preference or naltrexone administration. Conclusion : For those who prefer hot food, the effect of stimulative acute alcohol was suppressed by naltrexone. This result strongly suggests that naltrexone could prevent relapse more effectively in those who prefer hot food.