서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

순차적으로 도우핑한 드레인을 가지는 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 특성 및 수소화 효과

황성수,김동진,황한욱,김용상 명지대학교 대학원 1997 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

We have fabricated a novel gradually doped drain(GDD) structured poly-Si thin-film transistor. The GDD poly-Si TFTs reduce a fabrication process step, compared with the conventional LDD poly-Si TFT. without LDD implant by employing taper etched Si0_2 film instead of LDD implantation mask. The leakage current of GDD device is reduced two orders of magnitude from 21.52×10 exp (-9) A to 0.14×10 exp (-9) A in OFF state while keeping the ON current to be almost identical to that of the non-LDD poly-Si TFT's After 5 hours hydrogen passivation, the ON/OFF current ratio is increased by four times of magnitude, and the device characteristics, such as threshold voltage, subthreshold slope and leakage current, are improved remarkably.

도재면 전처리 방법이 도재-레진간 접착에 미치는 영향

황성욱,김교한 대한치과기재학회 1996 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

The present study investigated the effectiveness of several surface pretreatment methods on the bonding of resin to dental porcelain. We used the BIS-GMA adhesive resin without the silane coupling agent. the #1,000 SiC pater ground porcelain specimens were treated with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid(HF) etching(Group Ⅰ), 50㎛ Al₂O₃sandblasting (Group Ⅱ), and diamond bur surface roughening(Group Ⅲ). The HF etching group showed the most irregular and retentive surface pattern, and micro-holes and micro-channels. The diamond bur surface roughening group showed a similar surface pattern to the sandblasted group, but it had relatively macroscopic irregularities. The HF etching group showed the highest shear bond strength, followed by the diamond bur surface roughening group and the 50㎛ Al₂O₃sandblasting group. The majority of the specimens showed cohesive porcelain fracture regardless of their shear bond strength. The relationships among the surface pretreatment methods. the fractured surface finding, and shear bond strength were examined. It were revealed that the residual stress which was porcelain cohesive fracture. As a result, we understand that the residual stress which was generated by surface pretreatment procedure easily created micro-cracks under the lower external force, so the porcelain layer fracture cohesively under lower external stress.

Glutamate가 일측 흑질체 파괴 백서의 회전운동에 미치는 영향

한명일,정영철,은홍배,황익근,정상근 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구는 glutamate( , 과 M)가 일측 흑질체를 파괴한 백서에서 apomorphine으로 유도되는 회전운동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 6-OHDA으로 우측 흑질체를 파괴한후 apomcrphine(0.1mg/kg)을 피하로 주사하면 병소반 대측으로 회전운동이 유발된다(641.7±163.9/hr). Glutamate는 apomorphine으로 유도되는 회전운동을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 그러나 이 glutamate의 감소효과는 GABA 길항제인 bicuculine에 의해 길항 그리고/ 또는 역전되었다. 이상의 실험결과에서 glutamate는 apomorphine으로 유도되는 회전운동을 감소시키고, 그 작용은 glutamate( ∼ M)가 선조체와 흑질체의 GABA 농도를 증가시킴으로써 나타났을 가능성을 시사한다. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various concentrations of glutamate( , and M) on the circling movement induced by apomorphine in the unilateral substantia nigra-lesioned rats. Subcutaneous apomorphine(0.1mg/kg) elicited contralateral circling movement(641.7±163.9/hr). Glutamate( - M) significantly reduced the numbers of apomorphine-induced circling movement. This reducing effect of glutamate was antagonized and/or reversed by M GABA antagonist bicuculine. These results suggest that glutamate reduces circling movement induced by apomorphine and this reducing effect of glutamate may be mediated by increased GABA concentration in striatum and substantia nigra.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

수소화를 고려한 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 전기적 스트레스의 영향

황성수,황한욱,김용삼 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

We have investigated the effects of electrical stress on poly-Si TFTs with different hydrogen passivation conditions. The amounts of threshold voltage shift of hydrogen passivated poly-Si TFTs are much larger than those of as-fabricated devices both under the gate bias stressing and under the gate and drain bias stressing. Also, we have quantitatively analyzed the degradation phenomena using by analytical method we have suggested that the electron trapping in the gate dielectric is the dominant degradation mechanism in only gate bias stressed poly-Si TFT while the creation of defects in the channel region and poly-Si/SiO_2 interface is prevalent in gate and drain bias stressed device.

직업적 연폭로에서 혈중 연량 수준에 따른 선별검사로서의 혈중 ZPP 검사의 타당도

한구석,안현철,김용배,리갑수,김화성,황규윤,장봉기,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1999 순천향산업의학 Vol.5 No.1

In order to evaluate the validity of current screening criteria of lead exposure and to provide effective information for the better health management of lead workers, author investigated the interrelationship between blood lead and blood zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and evaluate the validity of blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test and blood lead as gold standard of diagnostic test. The total of 2245 lead workers (male workers: 1982, female workers : 263) from 12 lead using industries were studied. Blood lead, ZPP, hemoglobin and hematocrit were selected as lead exposure variables. Personal information on sex, age and work duration were also checked. Blood lead was measured with flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (model: Hitachi 8100) using standard addition method. Blood ZPP was measured with portable hematoflurometer (model: Aviv 206). The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean blood lead of all lead workers were 0.7±14.3㎍/㎗(Male: 31.0±14.4㎍/㎗, Female: 28.2±12.9㎍/㎗), whereas the mean blood ZPP of those were 68.1±47.5㎍/㎗(Male: 63.9±43.7㎍/㎗, Female: 100.1±61.0㎍/㎗). The mean value of hemoglobin and hematocrit of all lead workers were 14.5±1.5g/㎗(Male: 14.7±1.3g/㎗, Female: 12.3±1.2g/㎗) and 45.4±3.6(Male: 46.2±2.8, Female: 39.5±3.1) respectively. 2. Validity of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as screening test for blood lead levels of 30㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 50 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 50 and 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. While those test for blood lead levels of 40㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 and 90 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP respectively, showing 60 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers, those test for blood lead levels of 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that the highest validity value for male and female lead workers were 60 or 70 and 100 ㎍/㎗ ZPP respectively, showing 60and 70 or 80 ㎍/㎗ of ZPP for all lead workers. 3. Predictive value of test using blood zinc protoporphyrin as the screening test for different blood lead levels of 30, 40, 50 and 60㎍/㎗ as gold standard of diagnostic test revealed that positive predictive value of screening test were decreased by the increase of blood lead level regardless of csreening criteria value ZPP and negative predictive value of screening test were increased accordingly regardless of screening criteria value of ZPP. On the other hand, within same blood lead level as a gold standard positive predictive values were inceased by the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP, whereas the negative predictive value were decreased accordingly by the the increase of screening criteria value of ZPP. 4. The correlation analysis of all lead workers among study variables revealed that CPbB and natural log transformation ZPP(LZPP) were better correlated with other variables and found to be better estimate than PbB and ZPP themselves. The age was correlated with all other variables, but the work duration was not. The correlation analysis of male and female workers among study variables revealed the same results with all lead workers. 5. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in female workers(3.223)was steeper than in male workers(2.144). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But there was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable)with ZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were higher than 30㎍/㎗and 40㎍/㎗ were steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗ and 40㎍/㎗. 6. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with ZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead. 7. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in female workers(0.0308was steeper than in male workers(0.0253). That of lead workers with work duration of less than 1 year was steeper than that of lead workers whose work duration was more than 1 year. But where was no slope difference between two groups divided by their work duration of 2 years less and more. While the slope of simple linear regression of CPbB lead (independent variable) with LZPP in lead workers whose blood lead were hogher than 30㎍/㎗ was not steeper than those whose blood lead were less than 30㎍/㎗, there was no slope difference between two groups whose blood lead were less than 40㎍/㎗ and more than 40㎍/㎗. 8. The slope of simple linear regression of CPbB (independent variable) with LZPP in lead industries with low mean blood lead were less steeper than those with high mean blood lead, but the difference was not significant then that of CPbB and ZPP. With above results, it is recommended that the screening criteria value of ZPP should be down to 60-70㎍/㎗ from 100㎍/㎗ for male lead workers and screening criteria of ZPP for female lead workers was all right with current value of 100㎍/㎗. So it is recommended to make different screening criteria of ZPP for male and female workers like the hemoglobin and hematocrit screening criteria. It is also preferable to use CPbB and LZPP rather than uncorrected PbB and ZPP in the evaluation of lead exposure for lead workers.

CFRP와 콘크리트 계면에서의 부착특성

한상훈,조홍동,박중열,황선일,김형진 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2002 建設技術論文集 Vol.21 No.2

Externally bonding technique of CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Plate) is widely used in strengthening of concrete structures, and the improving effect of flexural strength and stiffness has been proven by early researchers. But, strengthened concrete structures present brittle failure mode accompanied with debonding of CFRP. That is, it means that the behavior of concrete structures strengthened with CFRP is mainly dependent on mechanical characteristics of CFRP and concrete interface. Therefore, double-lap shear test was performed to examine the bond characteristics on interface. The experimental variables are included with the strength of concrete, bond length and width. Test results showed that effective bond length of CFRP is approximately 30cm and maximum interfacial shear stress at specimen failure is 47 kgf/㎠.

토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험

황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.

마스낵 제조를 위한 당절임 공정의 최적화

한주영,김남우,황성희,윤광섭,신승렬 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

대부분의 마는 건조분말제품으로 가공되고 있는데, 마를 다양한 가공품으로 개발하기 위한 방법의 하나로 삼투건조라는 전처리를 행하여 건조에 의한 품질손상을 억제하고 단맛으로 기호성을 높인 건조 마 제품을 얻을 수 있는 당절임 공정의 최적화를 시도하여 최적조건을 얻고자 하였다. 침지시간을 3-7시간, 온도는 20-60℃, 당농도는 30-70%로 하는 중심합성계획법으로 실험을 설계하여 최적화하였다. 이때의 종속변수로는 침지 후 수분함량, 당도, 색도, 그리고 동결건조후의 수분함량과 재수화율로 하여 분석한 결과 동결건조 후 수분함량에 대해서는 유의성이 없었다. 세 가지의 공정변수 중 온도의 영향이 가장 적어 온도를 중심으로 고정한 후 침지시간과 당농도의 최적조건을 찾은 결과, 수분함량을 66-70%, 당도를 25-30%, L 75이상, a-2.1-2.4, b를 5이상 그리고 재수화율을 200-250을 제한 조건으로 하는 조건으로 하는 영역은 5.2-5.9시간, 56-61%로 나타났다. This study was conducted to the optimize sugaring process of yam for development of new snack product and enhancement acceptability. Three variables by five level central composite design and response surface methodology were used to determine optimum conditions for sugaring time, temperature and concentration. Optimization of the process was conducted using the combination of the moisture content, solid content, color and rehydration ratio. The regression polynomial model was suitable (P>0.05) model by Lack-of-Fit analysis with highly significant. To optimize the process, based on surface response and contour plots, superimposing the individual contour plots for the response variables. The optimum conditions for this process were 5.5 hours and 58% at 40℃ under the optimum of restricted variables as moisture content was 66 to 70, solid content was 25 to 30%, L value was above 75, a value was -2.1 to -2.4, b value was above 5 and rehydration ratio was 200 to 250.