토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험

황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.

UPLC-MS/MS를 이용한 산천목 중 10종 성분의 함량 분석

황윤환,이위,양혜진,마진열 한국생약학회 2018 생약학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Acer tegmentosum Maxim (ATM) has been used to treat hepatic disorders in traditional oriental medicine. However, there is little information about phytochemical constituents for quality control of ATM. In this study, we developed and established a simultaneous analytical method of the 10 marker compounds (three coumarins, 3 flavonoids, 1 lignan, 3 phenolics) in ATM using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation of ten target analytes was achieved with a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 analytical column (2.1×100 mm, 1.7 μm), using a mobile phase of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile with gradient elution. Identifications and quantitation of all analytes were performed using a Q-Exactive UPLC-MS/MS system. Correlation coefficients of the calibration curve for all analytes were ≥0.9986. The values of limits of detection and quantification of all analytes were 0.5-10.0 and 5.0-50.0 ng/mL, respectively. The established UPLC-MS/MS method successfully identified all target analytes in ATM, and the phytochemicals were 0.01-67.98 mg/g in its lyophilized water extract.

ICR계 마우스에서 홍화씨 에탄올 추출물의 급성독성시험

황윤환,박병권,임종환,김명석,송인배,명노일,정상일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential acute toxicity of safflower seed by a single oral dose in ICR mice. Twenty animals of each sex were randomly assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and were administered singly by gavage at dose levels of 0, and 2,500 mg/kg bodyweight. Mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight changes were found and complete gross postmortem examinations were performed. Throughout the study period, no treatment-related deaths were observed. There were no adverse effects in clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at any dose tested. The results showed that the single oral administration of safflower seed did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2,500 mg/kg in rats and the minimal lethal dose was considered to be over 2,500 mg/kg body weight for both sexes.

기업의 CSV활동이 브랜드 이미지와 소비자행동의도에 미치는 영향 : CSV의도성과 기업-소비자 동일시를 중심으로

황윤환,서영욱 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.9

This study examined the causal relationship between CSV and brand image and consumers’ behavioral intentions by structural equation model using psychological variables such as CSV intentionality and company-consumer identification. 198 questionnaires were used to test 8 hypotheses using Smart PLS 2.0. Results are as follows: First, two hypotheses were rejected that CSV had a negative effect on CSV intentionality and CSV intentionality had a negative effect on brand image. Second, CSV has a positive effect on company-consumer identification and company-consumer identification has a positive effect on brand image, purchase intention, and willingness to pay. This study suggests the necessity of enhancing customer participation and communication for the company to establish CSV strategies. 융복합시대 통신기업이 디지털격차를 해소하려는 공유가치창출활동(CSV)에 대해 본 연구는 CSV가 브랜드 이미지, 소비자행동의도에 미치는 인과관계를 CSV의도성과 기업-소비자 동일시라는 심리적 변수를 통해서 구조방정식 모형으로 확인해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 KT CSV활동에 참여하고 있는 시니어를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 얻은 198부의 설문지를 Smart PLS 2.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 CSV는 CSV의도성에 부(-)의 영향을 미치고, CSV의도성은 브랜드 이미지에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다는 두 가지 가설은 기각되었다. 반면 CSV는 기업-소비자동일시에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 기업-소비자 동일시는 브랜드 이미지와 구매의도, 지불의사에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이로써 통신기업의 CSV가 소비자행동의도에 미치는 인과관계를 실증하였고, CSV실행전략을 수립하려는 기업들에게 CSV성과를 높이기 위한 소비자 참여와 커뮤니케이션 강화의 필요성을 제시하였다. 향후에는 융복합 솔루션을 적용한 CSV연구에 기업이미지와 브랜드 이미지 비교 연구로 확대할 필요가 있겠다.

통신기업의 공유가치창출(CSV)이 사회적 거리와 브랜드 이미지를 통해 소비자 행동의도에 미치는 영향

황윤환,길기순,서영욱 한국기업경영학회 2019 기업경영연구 Vol.26 No.5

CSV is a management strategy that creates social and economic values ​​by solving social problems in connection with businesses that utilize corporate resources and expertise. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of telecommunications company's CSV activities reducing senior’s digital devide on social distance, brand image and consumers’ behavioral intentions. To suit the purpose of this study, the researchers sampled seniors using local senior welfare centers in Chungcheong province, where the IT supporters program of telecommunication company is actively conducted. As a result, first, CSV activities of telecommunication company had a positive effect on brand image and consumers’ behavioral intention. This suggests that CSV activities leverage the capabilities of a company to solve social problems, thus enhancing its brand image and positively affecting consumers’ behavioral intentions. Second, the CSV confirmed that social distance was reduced and that psychological distance had a positive effect on brand image and consumer behavioral intentions. Third, telecommunication companies’ CSV activities on seniors transformed them into active information users, resulting in the expansion of customer base. In summary, CSV activities of telecommunication companies with high suitability in corporate social responsibility activity had positive effects on consumers’ behavioral intentions, such as purchase intention, willingness to pay and word of mouth, through social distance and brand image as mediators. This demonstrates that telecommunication companies can expand their customer base by reconceiving the consumers and market, developing regional clusters in cooperation with senior welfare centers to narrow the digital divide in seniors and transform them into active information users. This study not only verified the relationship between telecommunication companies’ CSV activities on seniors and consumers’ behavioral intentions, while there hasn’t been sufficient empirical studies on telecommunication companies that promoted CSV, but also presented practical implications in establishing CSV strategies. 공유가치창출(CSV)은 사회적책임(CSR)으로 해결하지 못하는 근본적인 사회문제를 기업의 자원과 전문역량을 활용한 비즈니스와 연계하여 해결함으로써 사회적 가치와 경제적 가치를 동시에 만들어내는 경영전략이다. 본 연구는 시니어가 겪는 정보격차(digital devide) 문제를 해결하려는 통신기업의 CSV 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구에 적합하도록 통신기업의 IT서포터즈 프로그램이 활성화된 충청지역 노인복지관들을 이용하는 시니어를 표본으로 하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 통신기업의 CSV활동은 브랜드 이미지와 소비자행동의도에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 이것은 CSV활동이 기업의 역량을 활용하여 사회문제를 해결함으로써 그 기업의 전문 역량이 브랜드 이미지를 강화하고 소비자 행동의도에까지 긍정적 영향을 준 것이다. 둘째, CSV는 사회적 거리를 감소시키고, 심리적 거리가 줄어들수록 브랜드 이미지와 소비자 행동의도에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 저소득층(BOP)으로 인식된 시니어를 대상으로 추진한 CSV가 성과를 내는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 통신기업이 무료 IT교육으로 시니어의 정보격차 문제를 해소하였고, 시니어를 적극적 정보이용자로 변화시켜 스마트폰 고객기반을 확대한 것이다. 이로써 본 연구는 시니어를 대상으로 추진한 CSV 활동이 소비자 행동의도에 미치는 영향관계를 실증하였고, 심리적 변수인 사회적 거리의 영향관계를 밝혔다는 의의가 있다. 또한 CSV를 추진하는 기업들에게 소비자 인게이지먼트를 높이는 CSV전략 수립에 실무적인 시사점을 제시하였다.

챗봇서비스 이용의도에 관한 연구: 접근성을 중심으로

황윤환(Yoon-hwan Hwang),서영욱(Young Wook Seo) 한국기술혁신학회 2019 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

스마트폰은 비대면 커뮤니케이션을 활성화시키는 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이동통신 기술의 발전으로 우리나라는 5G서비스를 세계최초로 사용하는 나라가 되었다. 과거 2G 기술을 기반으로 한 폴더폰에서는 문자를 통한 커뮤니케이션이 용이하지 않았지만 2009년부터 사용하기 시작한 스마트폰으로 인해 문자기반의 커뮤니케이션은 많은 사람들이 사용하고 있는 소통 방식으로 자리잡은지 오래다. 문자메시지의 초기에는 정보 표현량이 적어서 의사소통에 활용하기에는 한계가 있다고 하였으나 오히려 간결성의 특징이 의례적인 인사등을 생략하고 의도하는 바를 편안하게 커뮤니케이션 할 수 있는 장점으로 인식되었다. 이렇듯 모바일 메신저의 활성화에 맞추어 인공지능 기반의 챗봇서비스가 다양한 산업분야에서 활발하게 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 챗봇서비스라는 새로운 기술을 수용하고 이를 지속사용하는 과정에서 기술수용모델로 설명이 부족한 지속사용의도에 대해 서비스품질과의 관계를 통하여 인과관계를 확인하고자 한다. 또한 챗봇서비스를 수용함에 있어서 기술수용모델로 소비자의 의도를 설명하기에는 한계점이 있다는 것은 선행연구들에서 지적되어온 바이다. 따라서 기존 챗봇서비스의 대체서비스인 상담원을 통한 상담서비스의 접근성의 문제가 챗봇서비스 수용의도에 영향을 미치는지를 확인하고자 한다. 이로써 최근 증가하고 있는 모바일 기반의 챗봇서비스의 수용의도에 미치는 선행변수를 파악하여 기존 콜센터 서비스와의 관계에서 서비스 전이현상의 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 또한 챗봇서비스의 품질이 지속사용의도에 미치는 영향을 확인함으로써 챗봇서비스를 도입하고 확산하려는 기업들에게도 실무적인 시사점을 제공하고자 한다. Smartphones are playing a major role in stimulating non-face-to-face communication. With the development of mobile communication technology, Korea has become the first country to use 5G service in the world. In the past, text messaging was not easy with folder phones based on 2G technology, but text-based communications have long been established as a communication method used by many people, thanks to smartphones that have been in use since 2009. In the early days of text messages, there was a limit to the amount of information used for communication. As such, AI-based chatbot services are actively providing services in various industries. In the process of accommodating and continuously using the new technology called chatbot service, We try to confirm the causal relationship through the relationship with the service quality regarding the intention of continuous use, which is lacking in the technology acceptance model. In addition, it has been pointed out in previous studies that there are limitations in explaining the consumer"s intention as a technology acceptance model in adopting the chatbot service. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether the problem of accessibility of the callcenter service through the callcener agent, which is an alternative to the existing chatbot service, affects the acceptability of the chatbot service. In this way, the preceding variables on the acceptance intention of mobile-based chatbot service, which are increasing recently, will be examined to confirm the possibility of service transition in relation to existing call center services. In addition, this study will provide practical implications for companies that want to introduce and spread the chatbot service by checking the impact of the quality of the chatbot service on the intention to use continuously.

ICR 마우스를 이용한 삼소음 및 발효삼소음의 급성독성 연구

이주혜,황윤환,이지혜,임남희,조원경,마진열,Lee, Ju-Hye,Hwang, Youn-Hwan,Lee, Ji-Hye,Yim, Nam-Hui,Cho, Won-Kyung,Ma, Jin-Yeul 대한한의학방제학회 2011 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.19 No.2

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the acute oral toxicity and safety of Samsoeum (Shensuyin) extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Methods : For that objective, we used ICR mice. ICR mice were administerd orally with dosage of 1250mg/kg, 2500mg/kg and 5000mg/kg of Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts. Results : We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 2 weeks. 1. The results of acute oral toxicity using ICR mice showed that LD50 of value over 5000 mg/kg. 2. Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts not affect on bodyweight gross findings of ICR mice. 3. The results of Serum chemistry analysis and Complete Blood Count(CBC) through the autopsy were showed normal range values. Conclusions : Samsoeum extracts and fermented Samsoeum extracts did not show any toxic effects in ICR mice. And oral LD50 value was over 5000mg/kg in ICR mice and it is very safe for ICR mice.

구미강활탕 및 발효 구미강활탕 추출물의 급성독성 연구

박화용,황윤환,장두례,하정호,정기연,마진열,Park, Hwayong,Hwang, Youn-Hwan,Jang, Doorye,Ha, Jeong-Ho,Jung, Kiyoun,Ma, Jin Yeul 대한한의학방제학회 2012 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

Objectives : Traditional medicine Gumiganghwal-tang (GT) has been used in Asia to treat inflammatory diseases including common cold, pain, fever, and algor. In this study we investigated the acute toxicity and safety of GT and fermented GT (FGT). Methods : Acute toxicity and safety were evaluated in male and female ICR mice orally administered 0 (control) and 2,000 mg/kg of GT and FGT. After the administration of GT and FGT, we observed mortality, body weight, clinical symptoms. After necropsy, organ weights were measured and blood analysis was performed. Results : There was no mortality and clinical symptoms according to the administration of GT and FGT. Comparing with control group, there were no significant alterations on the organ weight, complete blood cell count and biochemical parameters. Conclusions : Median lethal dose of GT and FGT considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female mice, and recognized as safe with no toxicity.

Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of fermented traditional medicine oyaksungi-san

박화용,황윤환,마진열 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.2

Background: The traditional medicine oyaksungi-san (OY) has been prescribed in East Asia for hundreds of years for the treatment of stroke, paralysis, and ataxia. OY also has therapeutic effects on arthralgia, myalgia, and rheumatoid arthritis, and recent studies have shown its protective effects against apoptosis of hippocampal cells and its anti-inflammatory effects on the peripheral blood cells of patient with cerebral infarction. Many studies have explored the use of traditional medicine and herb materials in the development of safe, novel, and effective pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects. These efforts commonly adopt a bioconversion tool for fermentation with beneficial microbes. However, only pharmaceuticals with high levels of safety and low levels of toxicity can be used in healthcare system. Methods: OY water extract was fermented with Lactobacillus and assayed for acute toxicity and genotoxicity. Single dose acute toxicity, bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberrations, and micronucleus were observed and assayed in rats, histidine/tryptophan auxotrophic bacteria, Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cells, and mice bone marrow cells, respectively. Results: All the experimental animals showed no abnormal behavior, clinical signs, body weight increases, or mortality. In the bacterial cultures, no revertant colonies were observed. Morphological and numerical chromosomal aberrations were not found in all metaphases examined. Frequency of induced micronuclei was not significantly increased in all doses applied. Conclusion: As a whole, no acute toxicity or genotoxicity were observed in all the assays examined. Therefore, fermented OY is considered to be a safe material that can be used for development of complementary and alternative medicine using bioconversion.

오령산 열수추출물의 단회투여 급성독성 연구

박화용,황윤환,하정호,정기연,마진열,Park, Hwayong,Hwang, Youn-Hwan,Ha, Jeong-Ho,Jung, Kiyoun,Ma, Jin Yeul 대한한의학방제학회 2013 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : Traditional medicine Oryeong-san (ORS) has been prescribed for a long time to treat light fever, thirst, dysuria, and accompanying edema. However, the acute toxicity and safety were not reported. In this study, we evaluated the potent acute toxicity and safety of ORS. Methods : ICR mice were used to evaluate acute toxicity and safety by oral administration of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000mg/kg of ORS. Mortality, body weight, and clinical symptoms were observed, and organ weight and blood biochemical parameters were analyzed after necropsy. Results : We found no mortality and no toxic or abnormal clinical symptoms by administration of ORS. Comparing with control group, no significant alterations in organ weight and blood biochemical parameters were observed. Conclusions : ORS recognized as safe and non-toxic medicinal material, and median lethal dose considered to be over 2,000 mg/kg in both male and female ICR mice.