한국형 자궁경부 촬영진 ( New Cervicography ) , 세포검사 그리고 HPV-DNA 검사를 이용한 새로운 자궁경부암 검진 모델 ( Model ) 개발

김승조(SJ Kim),박찬규(CK Park),이효표(HP Lee),남궁성은(SE Namkoong),강순범(SB Kang),서호석(HS Saw),이재관(JK Lee),김수녕(SN Kim),김재원(JW Kim),배석년(SN Bae),김찬주(CJ Kim),이근호(KH Lee),이선영(SY Lee),김인호(IH Kim),이찬(C Lee),이정노(JN Lee) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.5

N/A Objective : The false negative rate of conventional cytology is reported to range from 18 to 45%. It is necessary to develop more effective screening strategies that would ideally be more accurate than conventional cytology. This study is designed to investigate the potential of conventional cytology, cervicography, HPV-DNA testing and their combinations as primary screening techniques for cervical neoplasia. The purpose of this project is to develop the models and guidelines for screening tools of cervical cancer of the uterus by evaluating sensitivity, specificity and cost-effectiveness of all the screening methods. Study design : We conducted a screening of random sample of women who visited the department of OB-Gyn. of five different major university hospitals such as Catholic University Hospital, Korea University Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Yeonsei University Hospital and Pochon CHA University Bundang CHA Hospital, from May 1, 1996 to April 30, 1999. In a cohort women with an age range of 20 to 70 who underwent routine cytologic screening at Catholic University, Hospital Bundang CHA General Hospital and local clinics from April 1, 1996 to Decomber 31, 2000. cervicography (n=417,125) and testing for HPV-DNA (n=1,347) by the hybrid capture assay were studied for the ability of the cervical cancer screeuing. A new cervicography system with Kim's classification which was developed by Prof. Kim Seung Jo as an adjunctive method for the cervical cancer screening was applied in this cohort study. And then, accuracy, effectivencess, cost-effectiveness of the single or combined screening method were analysed. Result : Sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear were ranged from 55.6% to 83.1% and 72.8% to 88.3% respectively. The combination of Pap smear and cervicography had sensitivity from 89.7% to 98.6%, specificity from 68.2% to 93.2%. With combination of Pap smear, HPV DNA test and cervicography, sensitivity became also highest accuracy among all screening methods from 92.8% to 98.8%. Considering medical charges for diagnosis and social cost occurred by false positive and false negative results, the most cost-effective diagnostic modality was thought to be the combination of Pap smear and cervicography(91,433 won). In patients who were diagnosed as LSIL, colposcopic examination confirmed progression to high grade intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) in 10.7% patients, persistence of LSIL in 55% patients during the 3 year follow-up period. Accuracy of the screening for cervical cancer and CIN can significantly be improved by cytology with new cervicography rather than cytology alone. We concluded that cervicography can be important adjunctive tests for cervical cytology, improving the effectiveness of cervical screening by allowing a more sensitive detection of cervical neoplasia.

Pulse Shape Discrimination of Nuclear Recoil and Electron Recoil Events With a NaI(Tl) Crystal for Dark Matter Search

Kim, K. W.,Adhikari, G.,Adhikari, P.,Choi, S.,Ha, C.,Hahn, I. S.,Jeon, E. J.,Joo, H. W.,Kang, W. G.,Kim, H. J.,Kim, N. Y.,Kim, S. K.,Kim, Y. D.,Kim, Y. H.,Lee, H. S.,Lee, M. H.,Leonard, D. S.,Oh, S. Y IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on nuclear science Vol.63 No.2

<P>In order to investigate discrimination between nuclear recoil and electron recoil events for the KIMS-NaI dark matter search experiment, we measured the pulse shapes produced by neutrons and gamma rays in a NaI(Tl) crystal. Relatively good pulse shape discrimination (PSD) power due to high light output of recently developed crystals makes it possible to test whether the annual modulation signal observed by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment is caused by nuclear recoil events. We applied the PSD to underground data taken with a 9.15 kg low-background and high-light-output NaI(Tl) crystal for 134 days. Good agreement between underground data and electron recoil events was observed.</P>

Background study of NaI(Tl) crystals for the KIMS-NaI experiment

Adhikari, P,Adhikari, G,Choi, S,Ha, C,Hahn, I S,Jeon, EJ,Joo, H W,Kang, W G,Kim, H J,Kim, H O,Kim, K W,Kim, N Y,Kim, S K,Kim, Y D,Kim, Y H,Lee, H S,Lee, J H,Lee, M H,Leonard, D S,Li, J,Oh, S Y,Olsen, Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd 2016 Journal of Physics: Conference Series Vol.718 No.-

Understanding internal backgrounds in NaI(Tl) crystals toward a 200 kg array for the KIMS-NaI experiment

Adhikari, P.,Adhikari, G.,Choi, S.,Ha, C.,Hahn, I. S.,Jeon, E. J.,Joo, H. W.,Kang, W. G.,Kim, H. J.,Kim, H. O.,Kim, K. W.,Kim, N. Y.,Kim, S. K.,Kim, Y. D.,Kim, Y. H.,Lee, H. S.,Lee, J. H.,Lee, M. H.,L Springer-Verlag 2016 European Physical Journal C Vol.76 No.4

Gilbert 증후군에서 열량 제한 시험과 Phenobarbital 자극 시험의 의의(14예)

이헌영,채경훈,정재훈,강윤세,김연수,문희석,박기오,이엄석,김선문,김석현,성재규,이병석,이강욱 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

Gilbert 증후군은 인구의 7%에서까지 나타날 수 있는 매우 흔한 증후군으로서 비진행성인 양성의 만성적 경과를 치하며, 간질환의 증상과 징후가 없는 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 특징인 일종의 체질적인 증상으로서 혈장 빌리루빈 농도에 대한 사춘기의 영향 때문에 10대와 20대에 자주 진단이 된다. 따라서 임상적인 중요성은 미약하지만 높은 빈도가 예상되는 점에 그 중요성이 부여되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 적정한 임상적 진단법으로 기왕에 소개된 열량제한 시험과 phenobarbital 유도 시험을 시행하고 이들의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 1990년 7월부터 1999년 4월까지 충남대학교병원에 내원하여 HBsAg, IgG anti-HBc 및 anti-HCV가 음성이고, 간 초음파 스캔에서 이상이 없으며, 혈청 AST, ALT 및 AP가 정상인 비음주자에서 경한 비포합형 고빌리루빈혈증이 있는 14예의 환자들을 대상으로 ^(99m)Tc-DISID 스캔을 시행하였으며, 기저 치 총빌리루빈 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 측정한 다음에 하루에 400Kcal로 48시간동안 제한한 열량 제한 시험을 시행하였고, phenobarbital을 하루 60mg씩 5일간 투여한 후에도 각각 총빌리루빈과 포합형 빌리루빈 치를 검사하여 비포합형을 구하였다. 대상 환자들은 모두 14예로서 남자가 11예(78.6%)였고 여자가 3예(21.4%)여서 3.7:1로 남자에서 많았으며, 20대가 6예(42.9%), 30대가 역시 6예(42.9%) 및 40대가 2예(14.2%)로서 2,30대가 대부분(85.8%)이었다. 열량 제한 시험 후의 총빌리루빈 치, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치들은 평균 각각 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 및 1.3±10mg/dL 로서, 시험 전 치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg/dL 보다 유의하게(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023) 상승하였다. 포합형 빌리루빈 치도 유의하게 상승하였으나 비포합형의 상승보다는 훨씬 낮아서 주로 비포합형이 증가하였다. phenobarbital 투여 중 설사가 발생하여 중단한 1예를 제외한 13예에서 열량 제한 시험 후에 상승하였던 총, 비포합형 및 포합형 빌리루빈 치가 phenobarbital 유도 시험후에는 2.0±1.1, 1.5±0.8 및 0.5±0.4mg/dL로서 열량 제한 시험 결과보다 유의하게 낮아졌고(p=0.00, p=0.000, p=0.001), 열량 제한 시험 전의 기초치들인 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 및 0.7±0.4mg.dL 보다도 더욱 낮아졌으며 유의한 차이(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005)를 나타내었다. 14예에서 시행한 ^(99m)-Tc DISIDA 스캔에서 9예(64.3%)가 정상이었고, 5예(35.7%)에서는 심장 및 신장으로의 간외 섭취가 3예였고, 60분까지 소장 배출이 없는 배설 지연 예와 담낭 수축 불량 예가 각각 1예 씩 발견되었다. Phenobarbital 투여시험에서 민감도가 열량제한시험에 비해 더 높았다(92.3%와 50.0%). Gilbert 증후군에서 1일 400 Kcal로 48시간의 열량제한 시험과 1일 60mg의 phenobarbital을 5일간 투여하는 유도 시험은 편리하고 유용한 임상적인 진단법으로 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. 그러나 열량 제한 시험에서는 증가 기준의 통일이 필요하다고 유추되며 phenobarbital 유도 시험이 민감도가 더 높은 것으로 생각된다. Gilbert's syndrome is very frequent and benign chronic process characterized by mild, intermittent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia without any symptom and sign of liver disease. Previously intoduced caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test as two appropriate clinical tests had been examined and their diagnostic values were reevaluated. Fourteen patients with mild, persistent, unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included. Subsequently caloric restriction has been applicated by 400 Kcal/day for 48 hours and phenobarbital has been prescribed by 60 mg/day for 5 days. Therafter serum levels of total and direct bilirubin were measured. Most of the patients were third and fourth decade(85.8%) and male predominant. Each basal serum levels of total, indirect and direct bilirubin were 3.0±0.8, 2.2±0.8 and 0.7±0.4 mg/dL. After caloric restriction test, each levels were increased significantly to 5.5±2.7, 4.2±2.3 and 1.3±1.0 mg/dL(p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.023). After phenobarbital stimulation test for 13 patients had been practiced, increased levels of each bilirubin after caloric restriction test were decreased significantly to 2.0±1.0, 1.5±0.8 and 0.5±0.4 mg/dL(p=0.000, p=0.000, p=0.001) and these levels were significantly lower than basal levels(p=0.001, p=0.02, p=0.005). The sensitivities of caloric restriction test were 85.7%, 50.0%, and 71.4%, 35.7%(1.0, 1.5 mg increase of total bilirubin and 1.0, 1.5 mg/dL increase of indirect bilirubin). The sensitivities of phenobarbital stimulation test were 93.2% and 92.3% at criteria of 1.5 mg/dL increase of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin. On the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome, caloric restriction test and phenobarbital stimulation test are convenient and useful diagnostic tools in clinical face. And also phenobarbital stimulation test has higher sensitivity than caloric restriction test. Furthermore, standardization of bilirubin increment would be necessary in caloric restriction test.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against tacrolimus-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells

Lee, Dahae,Lee, Dong-Soo,Jung, Kiwon,Hwang, Gwi Seo,Lee, Hye Lim,Yamabe, Noriko,Lee, Hae-Jeong,Eom, Dae-Woon,Kim, Ki Hyun,Kang, Ki Sung The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: Reduction in cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was ameliorated significantly by cotreatment with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and KIM-1, and cleavage of caspase-3, increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with FK506 and significantly decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by 6.0% after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 ($10{\mu}M$ and $50{\mu}M$). Conclusion: The antiapoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on FK506-induced apoptosis were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase activation.

BEZ235 (PIK3/mTOR inhibitor) Overcomes Pazopanib Resistance in Patient-Derived Refractory Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells

Kim, Hee Kyung,Kim, Sun Young,Lee, Su Jin,Kang, Mihyeon,Kim, Seung Tae,Jang, Jiryeon,Rath, Oliver,Schueler, Julia,Lee, Dong Woo,Park, Woong Yang,Kim, Sung Joo,Park, Se Hoon,Lee, Jeeyun Neoplasia Press 2016 Translational oncology Vol.9 No.3

<P><I>BACKGROUND:</I> Although pazopanib treatment has become the standard chemotherapy in salvage setting for metastatic sarcoma patients, most patients progress after pazopanib treatment in 4 to 6 months. After failure to pazopanib, patients have limited options for treatment. Therefore, subsequent therapy in patients who failed to pazopanib is urgently needed and the use of patient derived cells or patient derived tumors for accompanying testing with various pharmacological inhibitors could offer additional treatment options for these patients. <I>METHODS:</I> Patient derived tumor cells were collected from ascites at the time of progression to pazopanib and a 13-drug panel was tested for drug sensitivity. We confirmed the results using <I>in vitro</I> cell viability assay and immunoblot assay. We also performed the genomic profiling of PDX model. <I>RESULTS:</I> The growth of patient derived tumor cells was significantly reduced by exposure to 1.0 μM AZD2014 compared with control (control versus AZD2014, mean growth = 100.0% vs 16.04%, difference = 83.96%, 95% CI = 70.01% to 97.92%, <I>P</I> = .0435). Similarly, 1.0 μM BEZ235 profoundly inhibited tumor cell growth <I>in vitro</I> when compared to control (control versus BEZ235, mean growth = 100.0% vs 7.308%, difference = 92.69%, 95% CI = 78.87% to 106.5%, <I>P</I> < .0001). Despite the presence of CDK4 amplification in the patient-derived tumor cells, LEE011 did not considerably inhibit cell proliferation when compared with control (control vs LEE011, mean growth = 100.0% vs 80.23%, difference = 19.77%, 95% CI = 1.828% to 37.72%, <I>P</I> = .0377). The immunoblot analysis showed that BEZ235 treatment decreased pAKT, pmTOR and pERK whereas AZD2014 decreased only pmTOR. <I>CONCLUSION:</I> Taken together, upregulation of mTOR/AKT pathway in sarcoma patient derived cells was considerably inhibited by the treatment of AZD2014 and BEZ235 with downregulation of AKT pathway (greater extent for BEZ235). These molecules may be considered as treatment option in STS patient who have failed to pazopanib in the context of clinical trials.</P>

Biological Characteristics of Stick Insect, Baculum elongatum (Phasmida : Phasmatidae) to Develop for the Industrial Insect

JinGu Lee,AeGyeong Seo,HeeDong Kim,YoungBo Lee2,SangHyun Lee,YoungKyu Park,HaeGil Lee,ChangSung Kang 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Stick insect has several peculiarities like parthenogenesis, unique external features and dropping oviposition, so it is very hopeful to use for industrial insect. The oviposition was established by only female without fertilization with sperm of male which was not discovered during this study. The oviposition period was 37.3±14.9 days and the number of eggs per female was 41.5±16.5 eggs. The hatchability was 73.3% at 25℃and 66.7% after low temperature treatment(8℃, 60 days). The developmental periods and the length of egg were 100.9±4.2 days and 0.33±0.0cm, respectively, and the adult's life span was 49.7±16.0days. Differently other research which reported five nymph stage, the developmental stages of nymph showed five(62.9%) or six(37.1%) stages. The duration and the length of nymph increased according to the increase of nymph stage. Stick insect preferred the leaf of American locust, White oak, Chestnut, Bush clover in order but could be reared with food of the leaf of all these trees. Stick insects are herbivorus but made an attack each other when encountered in the small space. For sustaining mass rearing of stick insect, it is needed that the development of artificial diet and high density rearing method.

최근 국내외에서 육성된 무궁화 127 품종 중 조경적 활용가치가 높은 유망품종 선발

김광호 ( Kim Kwang-ho ),이춘석 ( Lee Chun-suk ),강호철 ( Kang Ho-chul ) 한국전통조경학회(구 한국정원학회) 2016 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구는 조경수용 무궁화 우수품종 보급을 위한 유전자원 수집과 특성을 평가하기 위해 최근 국내외에서 육성된 127품종의 1년생 접목묘를 이용하여 2014년부터 2015년까지 2년 동안 생육 및 형태적 특성조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 품종 중 화색 및 꽃이특이한 품종을 조사하여 무궁화를 조경수로 활용도를 높이는데 기여하고자 하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 최근 국내외에서 육성된 품종들의 화색별 분류로는 크게 분홍색 단심(pink color with red eye spot), 흰색 단심(white color withred eye spot), 붉은 자주색 단심(purplish red color with red eye spot), 분홍보라색 단심(violet pink color with red eye spot), 심홍색단심(crimson color with red eye spot), 흰색 바탕에 붉은색 무늬의 이중색(asadal), 흰색(white color), 푸른색(blue color) 등 총 8종류로 분류되었다. 화색이 붉은 자주색으로서 적색이 강한 꽃으로 국내에서 육성된 품종으로 ‘광명’, ‘난파’, ‘노스페이스’, ‘불새’, ‘비단’,‘송암’, ‘영창’, ‘적퍼소’, ‘키호’, ‘탐라’, ‘화수레드’, ‘환희’ 등이 있었으며, 국외에서 육성되어 국내에 도입된 품종으로는 ‘Aphrodite’,‘Dr. Uemoto’, ‘Freedom’, ‘Pink Cup’, ‘PS 80-1’, ‘Purpureus Variegatus’, ‘Red Giant’, ‘Woodbridge’ 등이 있었다. 화색이 분홍보라색으로서 특이한 품종으로는 ‘꼬마’, ‘도투락’, ‘명미’, ‘병화’, ‘산처녀’, ‘태화’, ‘Hikari-hanagasa’, ‘Little Kim Violet’ 등이 있었다. 화색이 심홍색으로 기존의 꽃에서는 볼 수 없는 특이한 품종으로 ‘종무’와 ‘Ruffled Satin’ 등이 있었다. 최근 국내외에서 육성된 품종중 조경수용 소재로 보급할 수 있는 품종중 기존 품종에 비해 꽃의 크기가 큰 품종으로 무궁화 종간교잡종인 Hibiscus hybrid ‘Daewangchun’, ‘Daeil’,‘Jina’ 등이 있었다. 반면 꽃이 작고 조경적 가치가 높은 품종으로 ‘꼬마’, ‘미백’, ‘안동’, ‘릴킴’, ‘은하수’ 등이 있었다. 백단심계 무궁화‘꼬마’ 품종은 수고가 작은 왜성형으로 꽃의 크기가 5.2cm로 작은 소형화 품종으로 나타났다. 기존 품종에 비해 단심의 길이가 긴품종으로 ‘훈장’과 ‘하이리레드’가 있었다. 홍단심계 무궁화 ‘훈장’은 꽃의 크기는 12.0cm로 중간크기이나 단심길이는 4.8cm로 지금까지육성된 품종중 가장 긴 품종이었다. 또한 홍단심계 무궁화 ‘하이리레드’의 단심길이 역시 4.2cm로 꽃잎 길이에 비해 단심의 길이가 길어 조경적 가치가 높은 것으로 판단되었다. This study was carried out to characterize 127 recently developed cultivars of Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus spp.) in Korea and foreign Countries for landscape uses. The examined factors were growth characteristics such as tree height of a 1-year grafted plant(cm), plant type, growth habit, leaf characteristics such as shape and size, flower characteristics such as color, shape, size, and red eye during 2014 and 2015 for landscape uses. The results are obtained as follows; In the results of flower color of the 127 recently developed cultivars, pink color with red eye spot, white color with red eye spot, purplish red color with red eye spot, violet purple color with red eye spot, crimson color with red eye spot, asadal, blue color with red eye spot, and white color were distributed. In the flower characteristics, Hibiscus hybrid ‘Daewangchun’ had the largest flower size of 16.0cm out of the 127 cultivars. H. syriacus ‘Antong’, ‘Lil Kim’, and ‘Ggoma’ were cultivars with smaller flowers than other cultivars. H. syriacus ‘Hunjang’ had largest red eye, of 5.2cm of length compared to the other cultivars. The cultivars with unique flower color for landscape uses are H. syriacus ‘Kwangmyung’, ‘Nanpa’, ‘North face’, ‘Bulsae’, ‘Bidan’, ‘Songam’, ‘Youngchang’, ‘Jukpeoso’, ‘Kiho’, ‘Tamla’, ‘Hwasoored’ and ‘Hwanhee’. These flowers had a purplish red color and were developed in Korea. H. syriacus ‘Aphrodite’, ‘Dr. Uemoto’, ‘Freedom’, ‘Pink Cup’, ‘PS 80-1’, ‘Purpureus Variegatus’, ‘Red Giant’, ‘Woodbridge’ also had unique flowers with a purplish red color and were introduced from foreign countries. In addition, cultivars with violet pink flowers were H. syriacus ‘Ggoma’, ‘Doturak’, ‘Myungmi’, ‘Byunghwa’, ‘Sancheonyu’, ‘Taehwa’, ‘Hikari-hanagasa’, and ‘Little Kim Violet’. ‘Jongmoo’ and ‘Ruffled Satin’ had flowers with crimson color. Therefore, the new cultivars with unique flower colors were a promising cultivars to a woody landscape plant. Cultivars with large flower sizes were Hibiscus hybrid ‘Daewangchun’, Hibiscus hybrid ‘Daemang’, and Hibiscus hybrid ‘Jina’. H. syriacus ‘Ggoma’, ‘Mibeak’, ‘Antong’, ‘Lil Kim’, and ‘Eunhasu’ had small flower sizes. Cultivars with long red eye were H. syriacus ‘Hunjang’ and H. syriacus ‘Hi Lea Red’. Therefore, the new cultivars, Hibiscus hybrid ‘Daewangchun’, Hibiscus hybrid ‘Daemang’, Hibiscus hybrid ‘Jina’ with large flower sizes, H. syriacus ‘Ggoma’, ‘Mibeak’, ‘Antong’, ‘Lil Kim’, and ‘Eunhasu’ with small flower sizes, H. syriacus ‘Hunjang’ and H. syriacus ‘Hi Lea Red’ with long red eye, were promising cultivars to a woody landscape plant.