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Bupivacaine과 ropivacaine이 Xenopus oocyte에 발현된 HERG 전류에 미치는 영향
김국성,이규승,김효신,손숙진,이상도,김광진,전병화,김윤희,박진봉 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1
Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is developed as a less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on HERG currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine(3∼1,000μM) blocked HERG currents in a concentration dependent manner. EC_(50) was 26.1±3.1μM(n_(R) 0.65±0.04) and 43.5±7.9μM(n_(H) 0.99±0.13) in bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine did not affect the activation and deactivation kinetics of HERG channels. However, the drugs decreased the slope conductance measured from fully activated current-voltage relationship curves. These results suggest that bupivacaine and ropivacaine have a similarinhibitory effect on HERG channels, which could be a possible cellular mechanism of LQT or ventricular arrythmia by the drugs.
백상현,박재성,차장규,홍현숙,김대호,박성진,조준희,이혜경,최진수 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.2
Purpose: BOOP and NSIP also share similar clinical features such as subacute flu-like illness, the finding of bronchoalveolar lavage, the result of pulmonary function test and more favourable outcome than usual interstitial pneumonia(UIP). The author try to compare the HRCT findings of NSIP with BOOP by pattern and distribution of diseases. Materials and Methods: HRCT findings of histopathologically proven NSIP(Group Ⅰ; 6, Group Ⅱ; 7, Group Ⅲ; 2) in 15 patients(5 male, 10 female, age range, 39-69 years; mean age, 53 years), BOOP in 15 patients(6 male, 9 female, age range, 26-76 years; mean age, 52 years) were reviewed retrospectively. Results: The common pattern of the two diseases was admixed consolidation, ground glass attenuation & reticular densities with/without architectural distortion(NSIP; 53.3%, BOOP; 46.7%). The main component of the pattern wan predominantly consolidation(NSIP; 46.7%, BOOP; 73.3%) and ground glass attenuation(NSIP; 40.0%, BOOP;20.0%). Architectural distotion was more provinent finding with NSIP(mild ; 3, moderate ; 4, severe; 2) compared with BOOP(mild; 7, moderate; 2, severe; 0). The predominant overall distribution was lower lung, peribronchovascular & peripheral lung field in both of the two entities(NSIP;73.3%, BOOP; 73.3%). Peribronchovascular involvement was more common with NSIP(100%) than BOOP(80%), whereas peripheral involvement was more common with BOOP(93.3%) than NSIP(80%). Conclusion: The HRCT findings of NSIP and BOOP were similar in pattern and distribution. But NIP manifested more frequently ground-glass attenuation, whereas BOOP showed more frequently consolidation. Architectural distortion was more severe with NSIP than BOOP. NSIP invoved more frequently peribronchovascular space and BOOP were more common in peripheral lung field.
방숙진,박성주 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學 Vol.9 No.2
배급수계통에서 수돗물의 세균학적 2차 오염을 유발하는 생물막 형성과 그영향을 조사하고 생물막내 세균 군집을 파악하기 위하여 수도관 시편응 이용한 회분 실험과 모형과 실험을 수행하였다. 회분 실험계에서는 가동 2주후부터 생물막 미생물이 형성되기 시작하였으며, 종속영양세균과 지표세균은 가동 2∼3주 후에 최대밀도 10? CFU/㎠를 나타내었다. 그러나 병원성 세균의 최대 밀도는 이보다 1/10 낮은 10? CFU/㎠이었다. 모형관 실험계에서는 수돗물에 노출된 1일 후부터 미생물이 강관조각에 부착되기 시작하였다. 유출수내 세균 밀도는 유입수내 세균밀도와는 관계없이 생물막 세균수에 좌우됨으로써 생물막 분리가 유출수내 세균에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. API kit MIDI 분석 시스템으로 전형적인 추정 양성 콜로니를 동정한 결과 진성인병원성 세균은 발견되지 않았으나 기회성 병원균은 동정되었다. 이들 대부분은 Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, 또는 Alcaligenes 속이었으며, Enterobacteriaceae 과에 속하는 것도 있었다. 분변성 연쇄상구균의 전형적인 양성 콜로니는 Staphylococcus 속으로 동정되었다. Effects of bacterial secondary pollution by biofilms in water distribution system were evaluated using batch and pipe model systems where galvanized-iron coupons were installed. Bacterial biofilms on coupons began to develop in two weeks after operation of batch systems. Maximum densities of heterotrophic and indicator bacteria in biofilms were at a level of 10? CFU/㎠ in two o three weeks after operation. But those of pathogenic bacteria were only a level of 10⁴CFU/㎠, about one-tenth of the heterotrophic or indicator bacterial densities. Bacterial biofilms were developed on coupons in one day after operation of pipe model system. Bacterial numbers in effluent depended upon those in biofilms regardless of those in influent, which suggests the higher density in effluent should result from detachment from biofilms. Bacterial isolates were identified by API kits and MIDI system. No real pathogenic bacteria were found from typical positive isolates but some opportunistic pathogens were detected. Most of them were identified as genera of flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bordetella, of Alcaligenes and some belonged to family Enterobacteriaceae. Typical positive colonies on fecal streptococci media were identified as Staphylococcus sp.
홍현숙,김대호,이혜경,박재성,박성진,조준희,차장규,백상현 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.2
We report seizure induced brain swelling in three patients. MRI revealed a cortical, subcortical(3/3), and basal ganglia(2/3) high signal intensity on T2- weighted and FLAIR images. The lesion shows low signal on T1-weighted image, and enhanced after contrast administration. Follow up study after 27 days in one case revealed complete resolution of the lesion. The reversible MRI findings may be the results of a local brain swelling, breakdown of blood-brain permeability, and a defect of cerebral autoregulation during seizure activity. The transient nature of such findings have to be considered in the differential diagnosis such as reversible ischemia, migraine, inflammation and infection.
컴퓨터 교육에서 정보윤리 교육을 위한 교육과정 모델 설계
임진숙,구정모,김성식 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2004 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.2
초등학교 컴퓨터 교육의 필수화로 그동안 다른 과목에 흡수되었던 초등학교 컴퓨터가 독립 과목형태로 교육되고 있으나, 이는 ICT소양교육의 내용 체계를 준거로 하고 있어서 중등학교 컴퓨터 교육과정과의 비연계성 면에서 문제가 제기되고 있으며, 컴퓨터 교육의 한 부분인 정보윤리교육도 같은 문제를 가지고 있다고 할 수 있다. 정보윤리교육의 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 초·중등학교 전체 과정을 통하여 교육되어야 할 정보윤리교육 목표를 설정하고 내용체계를 재조직할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 현재 시행되고 있는 ICT소양교육과 컴퓨터 교육과정에 포함된 정보윤리교육 내용 체계와 미국의 컴퓨터 교육과정에 포함된 정보윤리 관련 내용 체계를 분석하고, 이러한 분석에 기초하여 컴퓨터 교육에서 정보윤리교육을 위한 교육과정 모델을 설계하였다. After the computer education become essential in elementary school, computer subject which was absorbed by the other subjects is educating in independent way. However, since the contents of computer education in elementary school is based on the ICT literacy education, sequential disconnection problem appears between elementary school and secondary school computer education curriculum. Therefore, information ethics education that is one part of computer education also has same problems. To solve these problems of information ethics education, it is necessary to set the goal of information ethics education that should be educated through the whole courses of elementary and secondary school and to reorganize the contents. In this study, we analyzed the contents of information ethics education included in ICT literacy education and computer curriculum, and analyzed the contents of information ethics education included in U.S. computer curriculum. Based on these analysis, we designed a curriculum model for information ethics education in computer education.
방숙진,박성주 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 自然科學 Vol.9 No.1
대청호 원수를 사용하는 청주정수장으로부터 배수지, 가정 저수조, 수도관을 통과하는 수돗물을 채취하여 1996년 3월부터 10월까지 세균의 분포와 물리화학적 환경요인을 조사하였다. 평균 유리 잔류염소 농도는 배급수계통의 거리에 반비례하여 현저히 감소한 반면 평균 총세균수(AODC)법)는 1.06×10??∼1.33×10?? cells/㎖, 종속영양세균수(R2A법)는 5.79×10²∼1.09×10³CFU/㎖로 비교적 일정하였다. 그러나 수온이 20℃ 이상으로 증가하고 저수량이 현저하게 감소한 5월에 배수지의 수돗물에서는 유리잔류염소가 0.5㎎/ℓ이상을 유지함에도 불구하고 종속영양세균과 총대장균군 재생장에 의한 2차 오염이 발생하였다. 분변성 대장구균과 분변성 연쇄상구균의 재생장애에 의한 수돗물의 2차 오염은 잔류염소가 현저히 감소한 관말지점에서 주로 발생하였다. 선택배지에서 자란 Salmonella와 Shigella의 전형적인 추정 양성 콜로니를 동정한 결과 진성은 하나도 없었다. 대장균군 선택배지에서 생장한 대부분의 추정 양성 콜로니는 Enterobacteriaceae 과에 속하는 Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Erwinia, Hafnia 속으로 동정되었다. Bacterial densities and physico-chemical factors of drinking waters from distribution reservoirs and a domestic storage tank and tap waters through the distribution system of Chongju Water Treatment Plant where Daechong Reservoir waters are used as raw water were monthly analyzed from March to October in 1996. Mean free chlorine residuals gradually decreased against distance of the distribution system, whereas mean total bacterial numbers by AODC method and mean heterotrophic plate count bacteria by R2A method were generally constant regardless of distance of the system, 1.06×10?? to 1.33×10?? cell/㎖ and 5.79×10²to 1.09×10³ CFU/㎖, respectively. However, the secondary pollution of drinking waters by heterotrophic plate count and total coliform bacteria occurred in the water distribution reservoirs especially in May when water significantly reduced, although free chlorine residuals were 0.5㎎/ℓ or more. The secondary pollution by fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci also occurred mainly in water pipe ends where chlorine residuals were quite low. None of presumptive positive colonies of Salmonella and Shigella grown on selective media were identified as real positive ones. Most of presumptive total and fecal coliform colonies developed on selective media belonged to the genera of Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Erwinia, or Hafnia of the family of Enterobacteriaceae.
손혜숙,최성룡,유영진,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 1994 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.6 No.1
부산지역조선소에 근무하는 547명의 용접공을 대상으로 용접공진폐증의 유소견율을 작업부서, 용접기간, 용접시작 년도, 연령과 마스크사용에 따라 비교하였다. 전체 용접공진폐증의 유소견율은 7.9%로 동지역에서 1989년 조사된 유소견율 8.9%보다 낮았다. 용접공진폐증의 유소견율은 용접작업기간이 길수록, 작업시작년동가 빠를수록, 마스크를 사용하지 않은군에서 통계적으로 유의하여 높게 관찰되어 용접공진폐증의 발생에 용접작업기간, 환경개선정도와 마스크사용의 영향을 미치는 인자로 관찰되었다. 이들 인자중 용접기간 5-9년군이 5년 이하군에 대하여, 1975년 이전 용접시작군, 1976-81년 용접시작군이 1982년 이후 시작군에 대한 odds ratio가 각 각 5.98, 8,8과 12.38였다. 용접공진폐증자 37명의 방사선사진은 과거와 비교한 결과 진행된 예는 없었으며, 10명은 변화가 없었다. 비진폐군에 비하여 용접공진폐군에서 결핵유병율이 통계적으로 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과에서 조선소에서 발생하는 용접공진폐증은 환경개선 및 보호구의 적절한 착용 등으로 발생을 예방하는 것이 가능하고, 발생된 경우라도 역시 적절한 관리에 의해 호전되므로, 조선조 용접공 진폐증은 타 진폐증과는 구분 관리되어야 할 것이다. 즉 조선소 용접공진폐증의 발생을 예방하기 위하여 지속적인 법적규제와 근로자 개인에 대한 보호구 사용의 필요성 및 올바른 보호구 사용에 대한 교육이 필요하겠으며, 발생한 용접공진폐증은 즉각적인 작업부서전환보다는 진폐증이 발생한 부서의 환경개선을 고려함과 동시에 진폐발생자에게 보호구착용 등을 지도하면서 추적 관리를 하여야 할 것이다. Pneumoconiosis is one of the most important occupational disease in Korea. In Pusan, most of pneumoconiosis is welders' pneumoconiosis developed in shipyard. With clinical(including interview with every patients) and radiological(chest radiographs) methods, author purposed to know the factors related to the concept for health care(management) of shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis was calculated by the means of reading of chest radiographs of 547 shipyard welders. The prevalence rate of welders' pneumoconiosis(including suspected pneumoconiosis, category 0/1) was 7.9%. It was lower than that (8.9%) in same area studied in 1989. Prevalence rate increased as total welding duration increased and the welding work began early. It was higher in welders who did not use antidust mask. Probability of the occurrence of welder's pneumoconiosis was related with the time that the welder began welding work. sixteen cases among the 37 who were diagnosed as pneumoconiosis returned normal in the follow-up chest radiographs. There was no case aggrevated. The pertinent management for the personnels and their working environment contributed to the decrease of incidence of the welders' pneumoconiosis and the improvement of the disease. Tp prevent the occurrence of the pneumoconiosis in shipyard welders, it seems to be necessary for the company to be supervised under the any legislation, and to educate the welder to use the protective apparatus. It is suggested that considerate and continuous observation under the adequate management is preferable to the immediate conversion of the working department for the pneumoconiotic welders.
직장 구조조정과 파업에 의한 근로자의 사회심리적 스트레스의 변화
박봉진,이종태,손혜숙,김성준 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5
Objective : This study was conducted to evaluate the insecurity of employment and anxiety by downsizing and strikes affected job characteristics and psychosocial distress of workers. Methods and Material : This is a longitudinal study of the container terminal workers in Pusan. The company operated downsizing from October to December in 1999 by economic depression. In the result of that, the number of workers decreased into 627 from 662. During that period, a new union was built and it made conflict between employers and employees, so the conflict caused the strikes from February to April in 2000. The first cross-sectional study was performed in February, 2000 and the oneyear follow-up cross-sectional study was performed in February, 2001. Socio-demo graphic characteristics, stress-related behavior, job characteristics and psychosocial distress were assessed with job content questionnaire(JCQ) and Psychosocial well-being Index(PWI) in 200 workers(white-collar: 100 men, blue collar: 100 men) from 662 men in total. Results : In the first study, job strain was high in the whole, but there was no difference between white and blue-collar workers. The level of PWI was very high at 86.67 points and the level of blue-collar workers was higher than that of white-collar workers(p=0.013). In the results of follow-up study, the rate of drinking and smoking decreased as the change of stress-related behaviors. In the job characteristics change, decision authority and physical exertion of the white-collar workers got lower(p<0.05), but social support and job strain didn't have no difference. In the PWI level change, stress level got rather higher(p<0.01), especially, increase of the white-collar workers' stress was big difference from that of the blue-collar workers'. Conclusion : Job stress management programs should be made to reduce stress. And in approaches to management and prevention, excessive physical exertion, shift work and irregular meals and breaks should be considered. Especially, this stress control program should be begun with recognition on conflicts between employers and employees and between employees and employees by downsizing and strikes. And also efforts to reinforce social support should be needed.
2.9% 과산화수소를 함유한 부착형 미백제의 임상적 효능과 안정성에 관한 연구
박은숙,성소래,홍성태,김지은,이소영,황수연,이신재,진보형,손호현,조병훈 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.4
2.9%의 과산화수소를 함유한 시험용 부착형 미백제(Medison dental whitening strip, Samsung medical Co.,Anyang,Korea)를 실험군 피험자 23명, 시험용 미백제에서 과산화수소를 제외한 동일한 제재를 대조약으로 대조군 피험자 24명에게 매일 1시간 30분씩, 2주간 적용하여 임상적 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 Shade Vision, Chroma Mete 및 Vitapan classical shade guide를 이용하여 색변화를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 실험군에서의 전체 치아의 색변화량(ΔE^(*))은 세 가지 측정법에서 모두 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고 (p < 0.05). 쉽게 인지할 수 있는 정도였다. 2. 색변화는 색좌표 상에서 명도의 증가와 녹색조 및 청색조로의 변화에 의해 얻어졌다. 3. 치아별로는 어두운 견치의 색변화량이 가장 컸고, 측절치, 중절치 순으로 감소하였다. 4. 47명의 피험자 중 5명이 경도의 과민증을 경험하였으나 곧 완화되었다, 치은염증지수와 전기치수검사 결과 시험 전후에 차이가 없어 안전성을 확인하였다. This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of an experimental bleaching strip (Medison dental whitening strip, Samsung medical Co., Anyang, Korea) containing 2.9% hydrogen peroxide. Twenty-three volunteers used the bleaching strips for one and a half hour daily for 2 weeks. As control group, the same strips in which hydrogen peroxide was not included were used by 24 volunteers with the same protocol. The shade chang (ΔE^(*), color differnce) of twelve anterior teeth was measured using Shade Vision (X-Rite Inc., S. W. Grandville, MI, USA), Chroma Meter (Minota Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan) and Vitapan classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik, Germany). The shade change of overall teeth in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (p < 0.05) and was easily perceivable. The change resulted from the increase of lightness (CIE L^(*) value) and the decrease of redness (CIE a^(*) value) and yellowness (CIE b^(*) value). The shade change of individual tooth was greatest in canine, can smallest in central incisor. The safety of the bleaching strip was also confirmed. 〔J Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(4):269-281, 2006〕
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.