ToBI and beyond: Phonetic intonation of Seoul Korean ani in Korean Intonation Corpus (KICo)

김지은 한국음성학회 2024 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.16 No.1

This study investigated the variation in the intonation of Seoul Korean interjection ani across different meanings (“no” and “really?”) and speech levels (Intimate and Polite) using data from Korean Intonation Corpus (KICo). The investigation was conducted in two stages. First, IP-final tones in the dataset were categorized according to the K-ToBI convention (Jun, 2000). While significant relationships were observed between the meaning of ani and its IP-final tones, substantial overlap between groups was notable. Second, the F0 characteristics of the final syllable of ani were analyzed to elucidate the apparent many-to-many relationships between intonation and meaning/speech level. Results indicated that these seemingly overlapping relationships could be significantly distinguished. Overall, this study advocates for a deeper analysis of phonetic intonation beyond ToBI-based categorical labels. By examining the F0 characteristics of the IP-final syllable, previously unclear connections between meaning/speech level and intonation become more comprehensible. Although ToBI remains a valuable tool and framework for studying intonation, it is imperative to explore beyond these categories to grasp the “distinctiveness” of intonation, thereby enriching our understanding of prosody.

호텔구성원의 마음 챙김과 내재적 동기부여가 창의적 업무관여도에 미치는 영향

김지은 한국호텔관광학회 2017 호텔관광연구 Vol.19 No.2

How to bring about the hotel employees’ creative work involvement is still questioned. This study aims to verify the impact of the hotel employees’ mindfulness and intrinsic motivation on their creative process engagement. Focused on the five star deluxe hotel employees, the relationships among the variables have been analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that the hotel employees’ describing emotions and acting with awareness make a significant impact on their intrinsic motivation while observing inside, observing outside, and accepting without judgement fail to make it. Further, intrinsic motivation is found to raise creative work involvement. The study results imply that HR practioners in the hotel industry need to develop or/and adopt mindfulness program and consider hiring mindful employees. They also need to understand how to motivate employees intrinsically and figure out intrinsically motivated individuals.

호텔종사원의 사회인지적 마음챙김이 주도적 의사결정에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김지은,김미경 관광경영학회 2018 관광경영연구 Vol.83 No.-

The antecedents of proactive decision making, systematic decision making with awareness of specific goal, need to be investigated to predict the level of creativity in the hotel industry. Based on the existing literature, it is assumed that proactive decision making skills are influenced by socio-cognitive mindfulness which means pursuing novelty through flexibility and cognitive skills. Focused on the hotel employees, this study aims to investigate whether socio-cognitive mindfulness influences employee proactive decision making skills. The number of 211 cases was used for final analysis out of 250 cases surveyed. The results were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The study results firstly indicate the hotel employees’ novelty seeking makes a significantly positive influence on proactive decision making skills. Secondly, novelty producing partially influences proactive decision making skills. Thirdly, the hotel employees’ engagement makes a significant impact on proactive decision making skills. As a result, the hotel employees’ socio-cognitive mindfulness is the identified as a significant antecedent to explain the level of decision making in the hotel industry. Finally, theoretical and practical implications have been discussed.

The Impact of Mindfulness on Emotional-Subjective Well-being: Focused on the Hotel Industry

김지은 한국호텔관광학회 2016 호텔관광연구 Vol.18 No.5

Mindfulness has been the researchers' interest due to its strength on the individuals' attitudes and behaviors. This study aims to find out the impact of mindfulness on the hotel employees' emotional-subjective well-being. A structural model is proposed to investigate the relationship between each sub-factor of mindfulness and emotional-subjective well-being including positive affectivity, negative affectivity, and satisfaction with life. Focused on the five star deluxe hotel employees, 227 cases have been used for structural equation modeling (SEM) employing the SPSS and AMOS 7 for data analysis. It has been found that observing inside, observing outside, and describing one's own emotion positively influenced positive affectivity while acting with awareness and accepting without judgement failed to make it. Additionally, observing outside, describing, and accepting without judgement negatively influenced negative affectivity while the other mindfulness factors failed to make it. Further, observing outside and describing made significantly positive impact on satisfaction with life while the other factors didn't' make a significant impact on it. The results imply that the hotel practitioners need to consider the employees' status of mindfulness at recruiting and/or training them and the value of adopting mindfulness training in their organizations.

The Impact of Servant Leadership on Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior Mediated through Goal Commitment - A Case of Five Star Deluxe Hotel Employees -

김지은 한국호텔관광학회 2013 호텔관광연구 Vol.15 No.3

Front line employees’ service-oriented citizenship behaviors predict the performance level in hotel organizations. This study aims to find out the antecedents of this desirable behaviors. Based on the study needs, a structural model is proposed to examine whether the managers’ servant leadership predicts the hotel employees’ goal commitment and whether servant leadership and goal commitment predicts service-oriented OCBs. In addition, this study presumes the mediating effect of goal commitment between servant leadership and service-oriented OCBs. Focused on the front line employees in five star deluxe hotels, 269 cases are analyzed. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is employed using the SPSS and AMOS 7 for data analysis. The results show that servant leadership positively influences each dimension of service-oriented OCBs as well as goal commitment. At the same time, goal commitment makes a significantly positive impact on service-oriented OCBs. Finally, the mediating effect of goal commitment is also proved. The results indicate that hotel managers need to employ an appropriate leadership and motivate their subordinates to be committed to the organizational goals to raise organizational performances.

호텔 근무자가 지각한 상사의 진정성 리더십이 신뢰를 매개로 하여 목표몰입에 미치는 영향

김지은 한국호텔관광학회 2015 호텔관광연구 Vol.17 No.3

Authentic leadership plays a vital role in the employees organizational behaviors in the hospitality industry. Previous studies has revealed a significant influence of authentic leadership on organizational comment. But the relationship between authentic leadership and goal commitment has not been analysed yet. Also, it has been questioned what the mechanism through which authentic leaders influence the goal commitment of hotel employees. This study is aimed to explore the way authentic leadership and trust in leadership promote the hotel employees' goal commitment and whether trust in leadership mediates the relationship between authentic leadership and goal commitment. The targeted respondents are the five star deluxe hotel employees. The total number of 253 faithful cases have been used for the data analysis through structural equation modeling. The results reveal that the leaders' self-awareness, moral perspective, and relational transparency in authentic leadership help them in promoting the employees' trust in leadership. Thus, authentic leadership partially influence trust in leadership in the hotel industry. In addition, authentic leaders' self-awareness and trust in leadership help in promoting the hotel employees' goal commitment. Trust in leadership partially mediates the relationship between self-awareness and goal commitment and fully mediate the relationship between relational transparency and moral perspective and goal commitment in the hotel industry. This study will be helpful for hotel managers to realize the need for investing in authenticity and trust in leadership to retain quality workers and promote organizational performance.

천연기념물 희귀식물 선인장군락 보전 방안

김지은,장래하,노선호,이승연,이수인,정영호,이재근,김의주,조규태,유영한 한국환경생태학회 2017 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2017 No.2

제주 월령리 선인장 군락은 선인장의 자생생태를 잘 보여 주고 있는 국내 유일의 야생군락지이다. 선인장 군락의 유 지 보호 및 맞춤형 보존관리 방안 마련과 이를 통한 지역 발전 방안 모색을 위하여 2016년 3월-9월까지 계절별로 수 행되었다. 제주 월령리 선인장군락 일대는 해안가 저지대 지형이며, 토양의 산도는 pH 6.1로 산성을 띄고 있으며 토양 수분함량은 21.2%였다. 제주 월령리 선인장 군락 내에서 출연한 식물상 은 44과 85속 90종 1아종 14변종 1품종 106분류군이었고, 소산식물의 생활형은 Th(w)(동형1년초)의 비가 27.36%로 높게 나타났고, 지중식물(G), 반지중식물(H), 1년생식물 (Th), 미소지상식물(N), 소형지상식물(M), 지표식물(Ch), 대 형지상식물(MM)이 각각 16.98%, 16.98%, 10.38%, 9.43%, 7.55%, 5.66%, 3.77% 나타났으며 착생식물과 수생식물은 전혀 출현하지 않았다. 식물구계학적특정종은 총 13과 17분류군이 나타났다. 식 생구조는 내염성이 강한 해안식물과 선인장이 우점하는 초 본층구조로 선인장 군락의 높이는 평균 약 0.8m 정도이며, 식피율은 약 85%다. 주요 우점종은 선인장, 개머루, 멍석딸 기, 왕모시풀, 익모초, 돌가시나무 등이 우점하고 있고, 선인 장군락 내에는 염분 내성이 강한 왕모시풀, 갯까치수영, 번 행초, 도깨비쇠고비, 예덕나무, 멍석딸기, 순비기나무, 으름 덩굴 등이 경쟁종으로써 피해를 주고 있다. 또한, 연구 대상 지내 매토종자를 분석한 결과, 강아지풀, 갯강아지풀, 닭의 장풀, 명아주, 땅빈대, 갯까치수영, 범부채, 달맞이꽃, 괭이 밥 등 총 12종이 출현하였다. 선인장이 분포하는 지역의 기반암은 현무암으로 암석 틈 이나 함몰된 지형, 토양이 발달된 암반 위 등에 군생하고 있고, 어린 개체에서부터 수령이 오래된 개체군까지 고른 분포를 보이며, 문화재구역 내에 선인장이 분포하는 비율은 33.8%로 분석되었으며, 문화재구역 밖에서도 다수가 확인 되었다. 월령리 선인장 군락은 제주도 관광객의 여행코스로 이용 되기 때문에 방문객의 수가 많고, 방문객들이 사진 촬영을 위해 무단출입과 채취가 발생하며, 지역 주민들에 의한 폐 건축자재 및 어구 방치, 방문객의 쓰레기 투기 등에 의한 훼손이 심각한 수준이다. 보존방안으로 선인장군락 내에 자라고 있는 피압식물들 을 생장기 전에 제거하고, 방문객의 인식 강화를 위해 훼손, 채취, 투기 등에 관한 금지 푯말을 추가 설치하고, 선인장 생육 공간을 확장할 필요가 있으며, 대상지 내 간이판매대 및 안내판 설치와 홍보가 필요하다.

중소기업 지원 금융법 소고 : 정책 금융을 중심으로

김지은 이화여자대학교 법학전문대학원 2015 Ewha Law Review Vol.5 No.1

Recently, the government has been offering a number of policies for the mutual growth of small and medium corporations and large corporations. However, in aspect of supporting the small and medium industry, financial laws have not been actively utilized. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a solution by presenting a comparative legal study, and simultaneously to examine the attributes and limitations of financial laws in their support of the small and medium industry so far. In 1956, various legal systems have been made including the Industrial Bank of Korea Act, and the Framework Act on Small and Medium Enterprises. These legislations had redundant subjects, abstract purposes and overly broad applications, leading them to have limited effect in addressing the challenges faced by small and medium businesses. Typical challenges faced by these businesses - information asymmetry and inadequate funding, in particular - are pervasive in the financial market. However, government policies neglect the maintenance of corporation laws that would enable small and medium businesses to secure funding for themselves, being focused only on taking large corporations’ funds and distributing them to the smaller corporations. Unlike the United States and Japan, which enable small and medium corporations to secure their own funding by providing non-economic means such as credit in their early establishment stages, Korea gives direct economic means to venture corporations in the form of R&D costs. Providing money may be more convenient in the short term compared to providing credit, but in the long term it is necessary to establish a legislation that secures credit, ensuring a sustainable development of small businesses. SBA policy of the United States shows great implications on the importance of securing credit in the early stages of small and medium corporations. In addition, small and medium finance policies in the United States and Japan show specific purposes and clear criteria on the usage of funding compared to those in Korea. To improve small and medium industry policies in Korea, policies that aim to mitigate the information asymmetry in financial markets is needed. Such alternatives include different forms of financial assistance to suit the characteristics of each corporation, collection of small and medium business information corresponding to the involvement of banks, and segmentation of evaluation criteria according to the purpose of each corporation. It is necessary to foster small and medium corporations’ self-sustained development once they have moved past direct financial assistance in their early stages of development. 최근 정부에서는 중소기업과 대기업의 동반 성장을 목적으로 한 여러 정책을 내놓고 있다.그러나 중소기업을 지원하는 금융법 분야에서는 위와 같은 논의가 활성화 되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 현재까지 중소기업을 지원하는 금융법제가 어떠한 특성과 한계를 지니고 있는지 살펴보는 동시에 비교법적 논의를 통하여 그 해결책을 논하고자 한다. 1956년을 기점으로 중소기업은 행법, 중소기업기본법 등 여러 법제들이 만들어졌다. 이들 법제는 적용 대상의 중복성이나 목적의 추상성, 적용범위의 포괄성 등으로 인하여 현재 중소기업이 겪고 있는 어려움을 해결하는 데 한계를 보이고 있다. 특히 정보의 비대칭성, 자금력의 부족 등 중소기업이 태생적으로 지닐 수밖에 없는 특성들이 금융시장에 만연해 있다. 그러나 정부의 정책은 대기업의 자금을 중소기업에 분배하는 데에만 초점이 맞추어져 있으며 중소기업이 스스로의 힘으로 자금력을 확보하여 기업 활동을 할 수 있도록 하는 기업법 정비를 소홀히 하고 있다. 미국과 일본의 경우 기업의 초기 단계에 비경제적인 수단인 신용을 확보할 수 있게 하여 중소기업이 자금력을 가질 수 있는 방안을 마련하는 데 반하여, 한국은 직접적으로 경제적인 수단을 사용하여 벤처기업들에 개발비를 주고 있다. 자금을 확보할 수 있는 신용을 제공하는 것과 벤처기업에 돈을 제공하는 것은 단기적으로 볼 때, 후자가 편리할 수는 있으나 장기적인 관점에서 중소기업의 지속적 발전을 위하여 신용을 확보할 수 있는 법제를 마련하는 것이 바람직하다. 미국의 SBA정책은 중소기업 초기 단계의 신용확보의 중요성에 대하여 시사하는 바가 크다. 이 밖에도 미국과 일본의 중소기업 정책금융은 세분화된 목적과 자금의 사용처에 대한 명확한 기준 등을 제시하는 점에서 한국의 정책금융과 차이를 보인다. 한국의 중소기업 정책금융의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 금융시장에서의 정보 불균형을 완화하는 방향의 정책이 요구된다. 이에 대하여 기업의 특성에 따른 금융지원방식의 차별화, 은행의 매개 여부에 따른 차별화된 중소기업 정보의 수집, 기업의 목적에 따른 평가 항목의 세분화등이 대안이 될 수 있다. 직접 금융을 촉진하여 기업이 초기 단계에서 벗어났을 때 발전 단계에서 자생력을 키우는 것이 필요하다.

“A Fierce Tyrannical Monster” in Roald Dahl’s Matilda: A Reading of Miss Trunchbull

김지은 21세기영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학21 Vol.28 No.2

Despite the popularity of Roald Dahl’s Matilda (1988), there is comparatively little criticism of the main antagonist of Miss Trunchbull. Matilda is a story about the struggle against tyranny, specifically Miss Trunchbull who is “a fierce tyrannical monster” (Dahl 67). However, Miss Trunchbull is also a woman of positive attributes such as her excellence in male sports and as the principal of the school, the voice of authority. Furthermore, without Trunchbull who fascinates everyone with her charisma, authoritarian voice, childish whims, masculine features and physical strength, there would be no engaging conflict in Matilda. Drawing on Judith Butler’s concept of the performativity of gender, this paper suggests that performativity constructs the figure of Miss Trunchbull and this explains her monstrosity. Rather than reading Trunchbull simply as a “fierce tyrannical monster” figure that is comic, immature, and monstrous, this paper argues that Trunchbull is a unique and fascinating character that obliterates the gender dichotomy, child/adult boundaries and one who destabilizes power dynamics.

The feasibility and safety of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy without endotracheal guidance in the intensive care unit

김지은,이동현 대한중환자의학회 2022 Acute and Critical Care Vol.37 No.1

Background: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) is a common procedure in intensive care units (ICUs). Although it is thought to be safe and easily performed at the bedside, PDT usually requires endotracheal guidance, such as bronchoscopy. Here, we assessed the clinical outcomes and safety of PDT conducted without endotracheal guidance.Methods: In the ICU and coronary ICU at a tertiary hospital, PDT was routinely performed without endotracheal guidance by a single medical intensivist using the Griggs technique PDT kit (Portex Percutaneous Tracheostomy Kit). We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who underwent PDT without endotracheal guidance.Results: From January 1 to December 31, 2018, 78 patients underwent PDT without endotracheal guidance in the ICU and coronary ICU. The mean age of these subjects was 71.9±11.5 years, and 29 (37.2%) were female. The mean Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score at 24 hours after admission was 25.9±5.8. Fifty patients (64.1%) were on mechanical ventilation during PDT. Failure of the initial PDT attempt occurred in 4 patients (5.1%). In two of them, PDT was aborted and converted to surgical tracheostomy; in the other two patients, PDT was reattempted after endotracheal reintubation, with success. Minor bleeding at the tracheostomy site requiring gauze changes was observed in five patients (6.4%). There were no airway problems requiring therapeutic interventions or procedure-related sequelae.Conclusions: PDT without endotracheal guidance can be considered safe and feasible.