목재가 선적된 선창에서 발생한 산소결핍에 의한 질식사

김동훈,김기권,장태정,김정란,이구,김수근,임현술 大韓法醫學會 2001 대한법의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Oxygen deficiency has been frequent in a clouted space. Wood consumes oxygen and discharges carbon dioxide Instead of photosynthesis in closed space without light, so do some microorganisms on the surface. We experienced a case that a healthy Insect-proofer fell down and died of asphyxia on stair-board at 7 m below the hatch of the cargo-hold shipping wood Analysis of gases in cargo-hold revealed O2; 12.3%, CO; 105 ppm, CH4; 2.7%, and H2S; 1.9% at 1 m below the hatch, and then O2; 6.1%, CO; 220 ppm, CH4; 2.9%, and H2S, 2.3 ppm at 2.5 m below the hatch. Autopsy findings were unremarkable. We justiced the cause of death asphyxia due to oxygen deficiency. As seen in this case, the serious oxygen deficiency was accounted for oxygen consumption by wood and microorganisms.

중소규모 사업장 근로자의 직무스트레스로 인한 결근, 조퇴 현황과 한국형직무스트레스 하부요인과의 관련성

김정훈,박신구,김동현,김환철,임종한,이의철,이동훈,이지영 大韓産業醫學會 2009 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.21 No.2

목적: 중소규모 사업장 근로자들의 직무 스트레스로 인한 결근, 조퇴의 현황과 한국형 직무 스트레스 하부 요인과의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 중소규모 사업장 83곳 근로자들에 대해 한국형 직무스트레스요인 평가도구-단축형(KOSS-SF)과 사회 일반적 특성, 직업적 특정 및 직무스트레스로 인한 결근이나 조퇴 경험여부 등을 묻는 구조화된 자가 기입식 설문을 실시하였고, 응답한 4,350명에 대해 최종 분석을 시행하였다. 직무스트레스로 인한 결근, 조퇴와 한국형 직무스트레스 하부 요인들과의 관련성을 확인하기 위하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행 하였다. 결과: 직무 스트레스로 인한 결근, 조퇴를 한 근로자는 남자에서 7%(196명), 여자에서 8%(113명) 로 조사되었고 한국형 직무 스트레스 하부요인과의 관련성에서는 남, 여 모두 직무요구, 관계갈등, 조직체계, 보상부적절, 직장문화 영역의 스트레스가 높은 군에서 통계적으로 의미있게 직무스트레스로 인한 결근, 조퇴율이 증가하였다. 결론: 중소규모 사업장 근로자들의 직무 스트레스로 인한 결근, 조퇴와 한국형 직무 스트레스 하부요인과의 관련성은 남자에서는 조직체계 영역이 가장 높았고, 여자는 직장문화 영역에서 가장 높은 관련성을 보였다. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the actual conditions of absence and early leave due to job stress of 4,350 workers in 83 small and medium scale industries, and its relationship to job stress factors using Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF). Methods: A structured self-reported questionnaire was used to assess each respondent's Sociodemographics, job stress, experience of absence and early leave due to job stress. Seven KOSS-SF domains of job stress were used. We estimated the relation of absence and early leave due to job stress and job stress factors using logistic regression analyses. Results: Absence or early leave due to job stress occurred in 7% of male workers and 8% of female workers. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significantly positive association job stress-related absence/early leave and job demand, interpersonal conflict, organizational system, lack of rewards and occupational climate. Conclusions: Absence and early leave due to job stress is significantly attributed to organizational System and lack of reward for men, and occupational climate and organizational system for women.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 침습성 진균 감염에 대한 Micafungin의 예방 효과 및 안전성

김시현,이동건,최수미,권재철,박선희,최정현,유진홍,이성은,조병식,김유진,이석,김희제,민창기,조석구,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,박종원 대한감염학회 2010 감염과 화학요법 Vol.42 No.3

Background: Micafungin, a potent inhibitor of 1,3-β-D-glucan synthase, is a novel antifungal agent of the echinocandin class. In vitro study showed that micafungin was effective against Aspergillus species as well as Candida species, but clinical data on the prophylactic efficacy against invasive fungal infections (IFIs) other than candidiasis are still lacking. Materials and Methods: We identified 60 consecutive adult hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients who received at least 3 doses of micafungin during neutropenic period. Micafungin was started as an alternative in patients who were intolerant or had adverse events (AEs) to primary prophylactic antifungal agents. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and analyzed the efficacy and safety of micafungin for prophylaxis against IFIs. Results: The patients either had autologous (n=9) or allogeneic (n=51: 1 syngeneic, 24 sibling, 26 unrelated donor) HSCT. Itraconazole oral solution (n=58) was the most frequently used first line antifungal agent for prophylaxis and was administered for median 11 days. The most frequent cause of switch to micafungin was vomiting (n=42). The duration of neutropenia and micafungin administration was median 13 and 12 days, respectively. A successful outcome was achieved in 45 (75%) patients. Empirical antifungal therapy was initiated in 13 (22%) patients. There were 2 cases (3.3%) of breakthrough fungal infections which comprised a probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and a possible invasive fungal sinusitis. There was no case of invasive candidiasis. A total of 53 (88%) patients experienced at least one AE regardless of causality during micafungin administration. The most frequent AEs were hypokalemia, vomiting, diarrhea, and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. Among the aforementioned AEs, only 1 case of diarrhea could be classified as a probable relation with micafungin when causality was assessed. There was no AEs that caused discontinuation of micafungin. Conclusions: Micafungin seems to be a safe and effective agent for prophylaxis of IFIs including aspergillosis as well as candidiasis in HSCT recipients. However, further large, prospective, and randomized comparative studies are warranted for aspergillosis.

녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

정상인 및 신기능장애환자에서 Carumonam(AMA-1080)의 약동학

임동석,이경훈,엄재호,한진석,김성권,장인진,신상구 大韓臨床藥理學會 1994 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.2 No.1

경희대학교 수원캠퍼스의 멀티미디어관 주변 공원계획

김동찬,김성준,박중구,황세현 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 1999 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.2 No.1

Multimedia center at Kyung-Hee University is going to be opened in 1999. The purpose of this study is to extend the usability of outdoor space around the multimedia center. This study, therefore, presents the space, which gives a resting area, provide a beautiful sight, improve the accessibility of path, and give a theme.

산성강하물의 침착량과 동태 해명에 관한 연구 -춘천과 서울 강우의 화학조성 비교 : Comparison of Chemical Composition of Rain Water between Chunchon and Seoul

김만구,강미희,임양석,박기준,황훈,이보경,홍승희,이동수 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

The rain water samples were collected at Chunchon and Seoul by using wet only automatic sampler from January 1996 through December 1997. The daily base rain water samples collected over than 95% rainy events during the whole period. The samples were measured both pH and conductivity, and were analysed major ionic components, SO₄^(2-), NO₃^(-), Cl^(-), NH₄^(+), Ca^(2+), Na^(+) and K ^(+), by ion chromatography. In 1996, about 77% sampled rain water showed below pH 5.6 and the 60% of rain water was lower than pH 5.0. The volume weighted average pH was 4.7 at all sites. In 1997, the volume weighted average pH was 4.6 and 4.9 at Seoul and Chunchon, respectively. Among the rain water samples, 87% and 55% of samples showed below than pH 5.6 and 5.0, respectively. The pH value of Chunchon was significantly (p<0.05) lower than Seoul at the rain samples for less than 20 ㎜ rainfall. However conductivity of the rain samples were 20.9 μS/㎝ for 1996 and 27.7 μS/㎝ for 1997 at Seoul, and 19.1 μS/㎝ for 1996 and 14.1 μS/㎝ for 1997 at Chunchon. H₂SO₄AND HNO₃CONTRIBUTED 65.9% and 29.6% of free acidity at Seoul, respectively. The ratio of [NO₃^(-)]/[nss-SO₄^(2-)] were 0.43 at Seoul and 0.51 at Chunchon for rain samples for less than 20 ㎜ rainfall. The annual wet deposition of Cl^(-), NO₃^(-), SO₄^(2-), H^(+), Na^(+), NH₄^(+), K ^(+), Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+), respectively, 568.8 ㎏/㎢, 1489.3 ㎏/㎢, 3184.8 ㎏/㎢, 20.9 ㎏/㎢, 249.4 ㎏/㎢, 1091.2 ㎏/㎢, 189.8 ㎏/㎢, 90.2 ㎏/㎢, and 702.4 ㎏/㎢ at Seoul for 1996; 656.4 ㎏/㎢, 2029.7 ㎏/㎢, 3280.7 ㎏/㎢,27.2 ㎏/㎢, 229.4 ㎏/㎢, 1063.9 ㎏/㎢, 106.9 ㎏/㎢, 7802 ㎏/㎢, and 645.3 ㎏/㎢, at Seoul for 1997; 116.9 ㎏/㎢, 983.3 ㎏/㎢, 1797.0 ㎏/㎢, 21.4 ㎏/㎢, 83.2 ㎏/㎢, 648.1 ㎏/㎢, 78.0 ㎏/㎢, 22.2 ㎏/㎢ and 368.8 ㎏/㎢ at Chunchon for 1996; 100.2 ㎏/㎢, 1077.6 ㎏/㎢, 1754.0 ㎏/㎢, 13.4 ㎏/㎢, 146.0 ㎏/㎢, 602.3 ㎏/㎢, 88.8 ㎏/㎢, 16.2 ㎏/㎢ and 206.8 ㎏/㎢ at Chunchon for 1997.

敎育의 兩面性 : 行動主義敎育과 人本主義敎育의 統合을 中心으로

金東球 西原大學校 1978 西原大學 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

There are two giant forces in education today-the first driving towardaccountability, behaviorism and the second toward a humaness, humanism in education. Theaccountability people, mostlycomprised of what we call scientific behavioristic type, have large amounts of data accumulating that seems incontestable. On the otherhand, and just as incontestable are the number and popularty of books currently on the market that deplore the irrelevance of the scholatic achievement pressure and announce a crisis in the education because of the lack of hummaness therein. I am expressing my belief that both system of thought have muchto offer all of usin the proffession of education. Wether we think in terms of behaviorism and humanism; or in terms of an objective-based system vs. a subjective based system; or in terms of learning theories based on different premises-anyway we view it, the mariage of two system is the helpful, responsible, profitable way for us to go. The pursuits in both camps have clarified the basic tenets for us. Their fellowers, perhapsbeing less well informed, have offen overdrawn the conflict and ingaged in much finger pointing debate that has only served to create an either and or stance that must be recognized as patenly ridiculous. We are in the verge of a major break through in education based on taking the best from each of these twotheories and breaking free of past conflicts. The majority of humanists are not ignorant of the principle of behaviorism as an unacceptable goal. The behaviorists offer humanists many techniques and method being used today. The majority of behaviorist are not ignorant of the principle of humanism as an unacceptable goal. The behaviorists offer humanists are not ignorant of the principle of humanism as an uncceptable goal. The behaviorisms offer humanists many techniques and method being used. Combs postulates that we needboth system-both behaviorism andhumanism. Educators need touse them at appropriate times for appropriate goals. Criticism of either system comes from those among educators who try to use only one system for all instructional activities. Popham postulates both behaviorism and humanism are tools and educators all be skilled in using either as needed. We, educators wish to improve instruction, improve skills in the basics, improve human relationship, selfconceptand desire for learning. Educators can teach all these things if they accept behaviorism and humanism.

휴대용 기체 크로마토그래픽/광이온화 검출기 시스템의 개발

金萬九,沈智姬,이용근 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

기체시료 채취기와 짧은 모세관 컬럼(내경 0.3mm, 길이 3m), 광이온화 검출기 및 진공림프로 구성되어, 컬럼의 출구 압력이 대기압보다 낮은 압력에서 조작되는 휴대용 기채 크로마토그래피 시스템을 개발하였다. 컬럼의 규격은 Golay식을 이용한 계산 결과를 기초로 선택하였으며, 조작압력비(컬럼입구와 출구압력비)는 1.03-1.2의 범위가 적절하였고, 이 조건에서 0.87-4.63 ㎖/min의 컬럼유량을 얻을 수 있었다. 구경이 다른 3개의 큐브로 구성된 기체시료 채취기는 자동으로 기체시료를 직접 컬럼에 빠른 속도로 반복하여 도입할 수 있으며 좋은 재현성율 나타내었다. 컬럼출구 압력이 대기압 이하에서 조작되며 짧은 모세관 컬럼을사용하는 기체 크로마토그래피는 최적 컬럼유량이 일반적인 크로마토그래피보다 커 신속한 분석이 가능하여, 40초 이내에 m-xylene과 o-xylene의 바탕선 분리가 가능하였다. 시스템의 분리능력에 영향을 주는 인자는 시료 채취시간, 컬럼의 길이와 내경 및 조작압력비였고, 벤젠 유도체들을 사용하여 이들의 영향을 검토하였다. The portable gas chromatography System was developed which was consisted of ambient vapor sampler(AVS), short capillary column(3m long, 032mm I.d. GC(SCCGC). photoionization detector(PID) and vacuum pump which was operated at subambient pressure. The seletion of capillary column was based on the theoretical calculation from Golay equation. The pressure ratio of column inlet and outlet appropriated between 1.03 and 1.2 in the system. The available column flow were 037-4.63㎖/min at the pressure ratios. The AVS consisted of three concentric tubes and enables rapid. repetitive introduction of vapor samples directly into capillary column and showed good reproducibility. The subambient column outlet pressure with PID resulted in a significant increase in the optimum column flow, permitting rapid analysis. The baseline separation of m-xylene and o-xylene was able to within 40 second with the system. Parameters affecting the column resolving power were sampling duration, column length and diameter, and the pressure ratio. Effects of these parameters were investigated using bezene derivative compounds

청소년과 여가 권태감

구창모,김동진 師範大學 體育硏究所 1994 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.15 No.1

According to accelerating of the spread and population of leisure in recent days, the attentions on the leisure participation of modern people has been hightened, and the systematical and academic approach on the leisure has been going on actively. While the tendancy of the study on the leisure maintained the level of the survey on the actual condition and theme of the study was very limited, the creative and profound study reated to the leisure began to be introduced recently. This paper is to describe the forgoing discussions and the tendancy of study on the basis of national and international researches. The findings of this study suggest as follow; First, it's impossible that the carses of leisure boredom are proved by the certain variable , but it can be explained through the interrelation between the personality predispostion and the situational device. Second, the term, boredom in leisure was created only a few years ago and the reality of leisure boredom is not appeared obviously until now. Third, if the hypothesis that adolescent substance abusers are more likely to experience leisure as boredom than non-substance abuseres can be authorized, it is expected that the wolution in treating adolescent substance abusers will approached to the new onset.