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한국 전통담장 및 화계조성 사례 연구 : 상명대 도서관 중정을 중심으로 Base on the Gardening of Sang Myung University Library court
유경상,백난영,이재근 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.3
Many studies have been conducted under the grand title as modernization of traditional landscape archit-ectures and there is also growing number of sites where the techniques of traditional landscape architecture have actually been tried. But conventional studies concentrated mainly in theoretical studies of "Kotdam(beautiful wall)", due to its title and scarcity. The studied on the detailed construction methods have been neglected. And what is worse, the wall usually is implamented by the architectural drawing. In the case, due to increase in ghe expenses, the building companies either reduce the size or substituted it with different structures. Thus, in the study, though stuctural issues may be solved with modern methods, it focused on expression of traditional pattern for architectural value and used tile type attaching method which resulted in signif-icant reduction of costs. As a result of the study, efficient way to build traditional pattern of Kotdom is suggested in attaching concept figure, standard model and standard Pumseom(quantity manpower spent per unit).
Frequency Design in Urban Transit Networks with Variable Demand: Model and Algorithm
유경상,김동규,전경수 대한토목학회 2010 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.14 No.3
The goal of this study is to present a methodology for modeling the transit frequency design problem with variable demand. A bilevel optimization model based on a non-cooperative Stackelberg game is used to describe the problem. The upper-level operator problem is formulated as a non-linear optimization model to maximize demand while considering fleet size and frequency constraints. The lower-level user problem is formulated as a capacity-constrained stochastic user equilibrium assignment model with variable demand, considering transfer delays between transit lines. An efficient algorithm is also developed for solving the proposed model. The upper-level model is solved by a gradient projection method. The gradient of the objective function is calculated at each iteration considering the fixed equilibrium overload delays determined by the lower-level model. The lower-level model is solved by an extant iterative balancing method, which was slightly modified for this study. An application of the proposed model and algorithm is presented using a small test network. The results of this application show that the developed algorithm converges well to an optimal point.