성인여성의 인유두종바이러스와 자궁경부암 예방백신에 대한 지식, 암예방 수행 및 자궁경부암 예방백신 수용도 분석

송갑선,전은미,김주연 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

This study was conducted to identify the knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccines and the acceptance of cancer preventive vaccine targeting adult women. The convenience sampling was conducted on subjects of 271 adult women who have visited Gynecologic Clinics residing in the B-city. For data analysis, it conducted the analysis of mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The research results demonstrate that the knowledge about HPV vaccine was higher in less than 40's in their age, subjects over college-graduates, single status in marriage condition, and subjects who have jobs, but the knowledge appeared to be very low with mean score, 5.34 (range 0∼22). In terms of the performance of cancer prevention, subjects of college graduates, those who have religion and were in higher economic level, those who are married, have no job, have a sex-partner and sexually transmitted diseases experience specially made an effort to prevent cancer. Of the subjects, 66.7% responded that they had a will to receive HPV vaccination and 86% subjects wanted to make their children vaccinate. In addition, there was no correlation found between the knowledge of HPV vaccine and the cancer- preventive performance.

석창포 열수추출물의 인지기능 관련 효소활성 및 유해 활성산소종 소거능에 대한 효과

박혜정,정경태,김준영,고건희,김문무 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine not only antioxidant effect but also inhibitory effects of Acorus gramineus hot water extracts (AGW) on angiotension converting enzyme and acetylcholine esterase derived from rabbit lung and PC12 cells, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been known to play an important role in depression of neurotransmission, Alzheimer disease, Parkinsonism and ischemic strocke. Therefore, scavensing activity of AGW on ROS and inhibitory effect on activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were evaluated in vitro. First of all, MTT assay was carried out in PC12. It showed no toxicity in PC12 cells less than 0.1%. In addition, it was observed that AGW exhibited an excellent reducing power over 0.1% and showed a protective effect on DNA oxidation. Moreover, it was observed that the level of expression of Nrf2 was increased but the level of expression of NOS was inhibited in PC12 cells. Our data indicate that AGW exhibit scavenging effect on ROS-induced oxidative damage by inhibition of expression of Nrf2. Furthermore, it was observed that AGW exerted inhibitory effects on activities of ACE. These results suggest that AGW could have a potential possibility as a therapeutic agent to improve brain recognition ability related to oxidative stress and promote blood circulation.

원추리 지상부의 최적추출조건 확립 및 추출물의 항산화 활성

임지애,정태영,조은주 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the possible utilization of Hemerocallis fulva (H. fulva) leaves as either functional food or natural antioxidants. To determine the optimum extraction solvent, the dried H. fulva was extracted with 7 solvents, and yield, total flavonoid content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of each extract were compared. Among the extracts, 80% ethanol extract showed the highest yield, total flavonoid content and DPPH scavenging activity. The 80% ethanol extract was further fractionated subsequently by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among five fractions from 80% ethanol extract, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest total flavonoid content (322.99 mg Que/g) among five fractions, and also exhibited an excellent DPPH scavenging activity (89.09∼93.79 at 100∼500 Ռg/ml). Metal-ion (10−3 M FeCl3) chelating effect of the ethyl acetate fraction at the concentration of 100 Ռg/ml showed 75.46%. The present study indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest total flavonoid content and the strongest antioxidative activity, suggesting that ethyl acetate fraction contains the bioactive compounds with antioxidative activity.

Anthocyanins from the Fruit of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat Have Anti-cancer Properties by Inhibiting in Cancer Proliferation, Invasion, Adhesion, and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Cells

김민정,이원섭,윤정원,루징난,정지현,이상미,김석현,김혜정,이정희,정운태,최영현,김곤섭,정진명,류청호,신성철,홍순찬 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (Meoru in Korea) has been used as a remedy for inflammatory diseases and various cancers. Although a previous study have shown that anthocyanins from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (AIMs) have anti-NF-ՊB activities. It is still not known whether AIMs suppress NF-ՊB-regulated molecules in breast cancer cells. This study was to determine the molecules involved in AIM-induced anticancer effects especially focusing on cancer metastasis. We found that AIMs suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. This also suppressed the NF-ՊB-regulated proteins involved in caner proliferation, invasion, adhesion and angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the anthocyanins isolated from fruits of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat inhibit the NF-ՊB downstream molecules involved in caner proliferation, invasion, adhesion and angiogenesis, implying that AIMs have anti- metastatic properties.

Anti-Proliferative Effects of Evodiamine in Human Lung Cancer Cells

홍지영,박소현,민혜영,박헌주,이상국 대한암예방학회 2014 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.19 No.1

Evodiamine, a compound isolated from the Evodia rutaecarpa Bentham (Rutaceae), is known to have a potential anti-proliferative activity in human cancer cells. However, the growth inhibitory activity against lung cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms have been poorly determined. The present study was designed to examine the anti-proliferative effect of evodiamine in A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods: A549 cells were treated with the compounds from Evodia rutaecarpa, and the anti-proliferative activity was evaluated by the sulforhodamine B assay. The mechanisms of action for the growth inhibitory activity of evodiamine on A549 human lung cancer cells were evaluated using flow cytometry for cell cycle distribution, and Western blot for assessment of accumulation and phosphorylation of potential target proteins. Results: Evodiamine exhibited a potent anti-proliferative activity against A549 human lung cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that evodiamine induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis in the A549 cells. The cell cycle arrest was well correlated with the inhibition of cyclin B1, cyclin A, cdk2 and p-cdc2 (Tyr15) and increase of p-chk1 (Ser345) and p-chk2 (Thr68). Evodiamine also significantly increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and decreased procaspase-3, suggesting evodiamine- induced apoptosis via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, evodiamine inhibited the expression of p-ERK and ERK. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the anti-proliferative effect of evodiamine was associated in part with the induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and down-regulation of ERK in human lung cancer cells.

노로통(Fructus liquidambaris) 메탄올 추출물에 의해 유도된 HT29 대장암 세포의 G1기 세포 주기 정지 기전

윤희정,장연경,최영현,김병우,권현주 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

Fructus Liquidambaris, fructus of Liquidambar formosana Hance fructus, is traditional herbal medicine used in oriental region. There is no report for the anticancer activity of Fructus Liquidambaris yet. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effect of methanol extract of Fructus Liquidambaris (MEFL) in human colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cell. Treatment of MEFL to HT29 cells resulted in the growth inhibition and the G1 cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner. In western blot analysis, the level of Cdk2, Cyclin D/E, phospho-pRb and E2F-1, which are G1-cell cycle-related proteins, were decreased in HT29 cells treated with MEFL. And the expression of phospho-p53 (Ser 15), phospho-Chk2 (Thr 68), p21 and p27 were increased, but Cdc25A was down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner. These results revealed that MEFL induces G1 cell cycle arrest through the induction of p21 and p27 by activated p53, and the reduction of Cdc25A by activated Chk2. This study is the first report about anticancer activity of MEFL, additional research is necessary.

Steroid hormone intervenes in the endometrial tumorigenesis of Pten ablation

김홍임,김태훈,임정묵,정재욱 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.4

Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological cancer, is closely associated with endometrial hyperplasia, unopposed estrogen exposure, and genetic alterations. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor genes completely lost or mutated in >50% of primary endometrioid endometrial cancers. Estrogen-dependent endometrioid carcinoma is the most common type of endometrial cancer. Progesterone is a hormone that antagonizes the growth-promoting properties of estrogen in the uterus. Progestin is used as a conservative endocrine treatment of early endometrial cancer in order to preserve fertility as well as a palliative measure for advanced-stage patients. Progesterone therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing endometrial cancer as well as controlling growth of the endometrium. However, the effectiveness of progestin for women with endometrial cancer is less clear. In order to understand the effect of steroid hormone on endometrial cancer progression, we used a mouse endometrial cancer model with conditional loss of Pten in the mouse uterus (PRcre/+Ptenf/f, Ptend/d). To assess the effect of steroid hormones, ovariectomized Ptenf/f and Ptend/d mice were treated with estrogen or progesterone over a period of three month. Uterine weight gain was significantly decreased in ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/f mice compared to intact PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice. Ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice treated with P4 or vehicle also exhibited decreased uterine cancer size compared with intact PRcre/+Ptenf/f mice. Proliferation of ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice treated with P4 is highly decreased compared to other groups. The levels of stromal progesterone receptor were highly increased in ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice treated with P4 which resulted in decreased epithelial proliferation. Therefore, these results suggest that P4 treatment significantly reduces tumor mass but does not affect cancer progression in PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice.

Recent advances in in vivo genotoxicity testing: prediction of carcinogenic potential using comet and micronucleus assay in animal models

강승훈,권지영,이종권,서영록 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.4

Genotoxic events have been known as crucial step in the initiation of cancer. To assess the risk of cancer, genotoxicity assays, including comet, micronucleus (MN), chromosomal aberration, bacterial reverse, and sister chromatid exchange assay, can be performed. Compared with in vitro genotoxicity assay, in vivo genotoxicity assay has been used to verify in vitro assay result and definitely provide biological significance for certain organs or cell types. The comet assay can detect DNA strand breaks as markers of genotoxicity. Methods of the in vivo comet assay have been established by Japanese Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods (JaCVAM) validation studies depending on tissue and sample types. The MN can be initiated by segregation error and lagging acentric chromosome fragment. Methods of the in vivo MN assay have been established by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines and many studies. Combining the in vivo comet and MN assay has been regarded as useful methodology for evaluating genetic damage, and it has been used in the assessment of potential carcinogenicity by complementarily presenting two distinct endpoints of the in vivo genotoxicity individual test. Few studies have investigated the quantitative relation between in vivo genotoxicity results and carcinogenicity. Extensive studies emphasizes that positive correlation is detectable. This review summarizes the results of the in vivo comet and MN assays that have investigated the genotoxicity of carcinogens as classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenicity database. As a result, these genotoxicity data may provide meaningful information for the assessment of potential carcinogenicity and for implementation in the prevention of cancer.

5-Fluorouracil-induced changes of intestinal integrity biomarkers in BALB/C mice

송민경,성미경,박미영 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.4

Background: Intestinal mucositis is a most frequently occurring toxicity in cancer chemotherapy, and consequent malnutrition reduces tolerance to cancer therapies. Therefore it is important to lessen the severity of mucotitis and to develope complementary agents capable of reducing mucotitis-related symptoms. This study was conducted to determine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) induced intestinal damage to understand intestinal damages due to chemotherapy and to provide information on biomarkers which can be used to screen complementary agents in future studies. Methods: BALB/c mice were divided into three experimental groups and subjected to the intraperitoneal injection of either 100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of 5-FU. The third group was used as PBS controls. Body weights and the consistency of the stools were recorded every day, and the animals were sacrificed on the 7th day post 5-FU administration. The expressions of intestinal tight junction proteins and mRNAs of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were determined. Results: The body weight of the animals treated with 5-FU was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. However, mice given 100 mg/kg 5-FU rapidly recovered the original body. Symptom of diarrhea was also more severe in 200 mg/kg 5-FU treated group than that of the 100 mg/kg 5-FU treated animals. The expressions of occludin and claudin-1, not ZO-1 protein expressions in 200 mg/kg 5-FU treated animals were significantly reduced compared to those of the control group or 100 mg/kg 5-FU group. The expression of Nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65) protein and TNF-α mRNA were significantly higher in 5-FU treated group compared to those of control group. No difference was observed with IL-1β expression. Conclusion: These results suggested that selected tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokines are related to 5-FU induced mucositis, and thereby can be used as targets of developing complementary agents.

Potential Problems of an Exceeded Dietary Magnesium Supplement in Rats

문성민,최석철,김종락,현경예 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.1

We have investigated the effects of a magnesium (Mg) overdose on the kidneys of rats. Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats in each of the three groups as the control, Mg supplemented (MgS), and Mg deficient (MgD) were fed with normal diet, normal diet plus extra 20 mg magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) per body weight kg, and magnesium-free diet, respectively, for 60 days prior to investigating the effects of those dietary Mg supplements in the kidney. Serum Mg concentration and body weight in the MgS group were not different, whereas those in the MgD group decreased compared with those of the control group. No difference in kidney size was found between the control and MgS group but the MgD group showed kidney hypertrophy. Histological observations of the kidneys suggested that MgS caused renal problems with focal tubular degeneration and congestion and that MgD also caused problems with intra-tubular calcinosis and interstitial infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in their kidneys. MgS group showed an increased osmolarity in the systemic blood due to the increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and Na+ concentration. MgD group also showed an increased BUN but their systemic osmolarity was not different from the control. The current study suggests that an exceeded dietary magnesium supplement might be able to induce renal damages through focal tubular degenerations, congestions, and increased proinflammatory cytokine and decreased antiinflammatoy cytokine in kidney tissues that could deliver an obvious renal failure as bad as the case shown in Mg deficiencies.