양극성 정동장애와 혈청 Inositol-1-phosphatase 활성도 변화

조현주,김영철,우행원,연규월,조기승 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

Objects : Several lines of possibilites have been oroposed about the etiology of bipolar attective disorder in biological, genetic and psychosocial aspect. The purpose of this study is to inspect the etiology of bipolar affective disorder in biological aspect by measuring the changes of serum inositol-1-phosphatase activity and investing a causal relationship between clinical symptoms and serum inositol-1-phosphatase activities in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Methods : The subjects were 18 inpatients who met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for bipolar I affective disorder, manic episode and 15 normal controls. Inositol-1-phosphatase activities were measured in serum by using spectrophotometer. Clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by YMRS at admission day and after 2 weeks lithium treatment. Results : 1) Inositol-1-phosphatase activities of the patients were increased to about 2 times as compared with those of normal controls. And the activity levels were decreased gradually to the normal at 14 days. 2) Young's Mania Rating Scale(YMRS) scores were decreased significantly by lithium treatment. 3) Statistical significance could not be found between the change of YMRS scores and the levels of inositol-1-phosphatase activity. Conclusion : In this study, statistical significance could not be found between clinical improvement and inositol-1-phosphatase activities, but the fact that lithium treatment improve the clinical manifestation shown by YMRS score changes, and reverse the increased inositol-1-phosphatase activities suggests the strong association between pathophysiology of bipolar affective disorders and inositide metabolism.

박영진가 개성부기 장부의 분석과 특징: 제1기 거래를 중심으로

정기숙 ( Key-sook Jung ),노병탁 ( Byung T. Ro ),김영화 ( Young-hwa Kim ),임상종 ( Sang-jong Lim ) 한국회계학회 2023 회계저널 Vol.32 No.3

박영진가의 개성부기 장부는 24년 8개월간(1887. 8.15. ~1912. 4.15.)의 상거래 활동을 기록한 회계장부이며 일기장, 장책, 주회계 및 각인회계장부 등이 현존하고 있다. 이 장부는 박영진의 4대조부터 개성에서 사업을 경영한 개성상인의 장부라는 것이 확인되었다. 일기장의 기입원리는 복식부기의 기본원리인 거래의 이중성과 대차평균원리를 따르고 있다. 상거래 분개는 현금 중심으로 기입되어 있고, 분개 방식은 현대의 은행부기의 기입 방법과 유사하며, 일기장은 현금출납장의 기능을 가지고 있다. 자산과 비용의 증가는 입(入)을, 감소는 거(去)를 사용하고, 부채 및 자본과 수익의 증가도 입(入), 감소는 거(去)를 사용한다. 현대 복식부기에 비해 미흡한 점은 이자수익에 대한 회계처리이다. 대여시점에 이자수익을 미리 계산하지만 일기장에 기입하지 않고 장책에 미수이자, 즉 채권으로 기입하고 있다. 따라서 장책에 의해 시산을 하면 대차평균원리가 지켜지지 않는다. 이자수익에 대한 용어와 인식시점도 도중(또는 차인)과 여타 거래처와 다르다. 도중의 경우는 대거라는 용어를 사용하고, 여타 거래처는 채급이라는 용어를 사용한다. 미수이자에 대한 기입도 대거의 경우는 결산 시에 기입하고, 채급의 경우는 대여와 동시에 기입한다. 박영진가의 결산 시기는 매년 9월 15일이며 결산 시에 장부마감 절차를 취하지 않고 계속 기입하고 있다. 1916년에 발간된 현병주의 개성부기 책에 있는 예시에서는 결산기에 장부마감 절차가 있고, 장책의 경우 새 장부를 사용하지 않고 계속 기록할 때는 권점(○)을 표시하여 구분을 하고 있다는 점에서 차이가 있다. 그리고 질(계정)간에 대체거래가 있는 경우 일기장을 거치지 않고 장책에서만 이록과 이래라는 용어를 사용하여 이체된 기록임을 나타낸다. 요약하면 이자수익에 대한 회계처리와 결산마감 절차가 지켜지지 않는 것이 박영진가 장부의 단점이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 박영진가의 개성부기장부는 앞에서 지적한 미비점을 제외하고는 개성부기, 즉 복식부기의 원리에 따라 정리되어 있다. It is well known that the ancestry of Park Young-jin's family was one of the Kaeseong merchants in the area of Goryeo (AD 918-1392) and the descendants of the family still keep an almost complete set of the original books of Kaeseong bookkeeping. Collectively, these books cover a vast volume of records on the business transactions of the family over a period of 24 years and eight months(AD 1887. 8.15. ~ 1912. 4.15.). They consist of Ilgee Jang, Jangchaek, Ju Hoegye, and Kagin Hoegye, among others. All these books are the genuine and original books of Kaeseong bookkeeping. The records in Ilgee Jang are prepared according to the double entry principle or, more generally, the duality of business transactions and the balancing feature of debits and credits. The journal entries are made largely in line with the cash basis of accounting and the principles of bank accounting today. As such, Ilgee Jang is more like a ledger for cash transactions. The increase (decrease) in assets and expenses is recorded and indicated by the letter 去(入). And the increase (decrease) in liabilities, equity, and revenues is recorded and indicated by the letter 入(去). One thing of particular interest, which may be a potential limitation of the Park family books, is that the entry to record interest revenue on loans is not made clear. That is, the interest revenue on loans is computed in advance as the loan is made yet the record thereof is not found in Ilgee Jang but found in Jangchaek later. Because of this, a period-end general trial balance, if prepared, does balance the debits and credits. Another ambiguity is that the entry of interest revenue is not made consistently between Dojung (or Chain) versus other business customers. In the case of the Dojung Hoegye, for example, the term Chaegeup is used to indicate the interest revenue on loans, while another term Daegeo is used in other cases. And In the case of Chaegeup, the entry of the interest revenue is recorded at the time when the loan is made. In the case of Daegeo, however, the interest revenue is recorded when the loan is paid off at the end of the accounting period. The accounting period of the Park Young-jin family business typically ends September 15 each year. However, the books are not closed at each period-end but still left open for the next period. This is somewhat confusing or contrasting to the book (1916) of Hyeon Byeoing-ju on Kaeseong bookkeeping. In his book, Hyeon shows how to close the books at year-end. For example, he shows that the Janchaek of each year is closed and a new Jangchaek is used for the next year. In cases where the same Jangchaek continues to be used in the next period, the individual accounts are marked with the symbol O called Kwonjeom. And if there is any transfer transaction between individual accounts, it is recorded only in Jangchaek, indicated by the word Eerok or Eerae. In summary, the recording of interest revenue on loans in books and the lack of the year-end closing procedures for books in general are the most notable limitation of the Park family books. Other than this, the Park family books are the most complete set of accounting books on Kaeseong bookkeeping in existence, prepared largely according to the double entry principle we use today.

TEXT OF STATEM ENT BY CHANG KEY-YOUNG, VICECHAIRMAN OF SEOUL SIDE, SOUTH-NORTH COORDINATING COMMITEE, AT FOURTH VICE-CHAIRMEN’S MEETING

Chang Key-young 한국학술연구원 1974 Korea Observer Vol.6 No.1

물리학 선량법을 이용한 갑상선암의 개인별 최대안전용량 I-131 치료법 개발과 유용성 평가

김정철,윤정한,범희승,제갈영종,송호천,민정준,정환정,김성민,허영준,이명호,박영규,정준기 대한핵의학회 2003 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.37 No.2

목적 : 분화갑상선암 환자에 대한 방사성옥소(I-131) 치료는 재발율과 사망률을 감소시키는 효과적인 치료법이지만, 치료용량을 증가시킴으로써 치료율을 향상시킬 수 있는지에 대해서는 아직 논란이 있다. 본 연구에서는 최대허용선량 치료법의 효용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 임상적 병기가 제3, 4병기이고, 6개월 이후에 I-131 전신스캔(이하 IWBS)과 혈중 thyroglobulin (이하 Tg), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (이하 ATA), 초음파검사 (이하 US) 및 F-18 FDG PET 등을 통해 치료여부를 확인할 수 있었던 58명(남:여=9:49, 평균연령 50±11세)의 유두상갑상선암 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이중 11명은 제4병기, 47명은 제3병기였으며, 43명(남:여=4:39), 평균연령 50±11세)은 7.4 GBq 이하의 고식적인 저용량치료법으로 치료하였고, 9.25 GBq 이상의 고용량 치료를 받은 환자는 15명(남:여=5:10, 평균연령 50±12세)으로 고용량군에서 남자가 더 많았으나 연령의 차이는 없었다. 고용량군 환자 모두에서 추적용량의 방사성옥소(평균 77±3 MBq)를 경구 투여한 후 혈중 방사능소실곡선을 통해 최대허용선량(maximum permissible dose, 이하 MPD)을 계산하였으며, 7명에서는 말초혈액림프구의 중기염색체분석법에 의해 생물학적으로 MPD를 계산하였다. 14명에서는 치료용량의 방사성옥소를 투여한 후 혈중 방사능소실곡선을 통해 MPD를 계사하였다. 완전치유(complete response, 이하 CR)는 IWBS에서 병소가 없어지고, 혈중 Tg치가 1 ng/mL 이하로 감소한 경우로 정의하였으며, 부분치유(partial response, 이하 PR)는 IWBS에서 병소가 없어졌더라도 혈중 Tg, ATA치가 높거나, US 또는 PET 검사에서 병소가 남아있는 경우로 정의하였다. 치료후 IWBS에서 병소가 오히려 증가하거나 변함없는 경우는 없었다. 방사성옥소 치료에 의한 부작용은 입원기간 중 타액선이 현저하게 붓고 통증이 있거나, 구토를 심하게 하는 경우, 그리고 퇴원후 1개월째 백혈구수가 20% 이상 감소한 경우로 정의하였다. 결과 : 양 군간에 연속적인 수치변화를 비교하는 경우는 paired t-test를 이용하였으며, 대상군간 치료효과와 부작용의 비교는 chi-square test를 이용하였다. p값 0.05 미만을 통계적으로 유의한 차이로 인정하였다. 고용량군 환자 모두에서 추적용량과 치료용량의 방사성옥소 투여 후 혈액의 피폭선량은 각각 0.012±0.3 Gy, 1.66±25 Gy였으며, 방사성옥소 투여 후 혈액에 전달되는 피폭선량은 추적용량보다 치료용량에서 더 많았고 (1.21: 166 rad, p<0.001), 방사성옥소 1 mCi당 혈액에 전달되는 피폭선량은 차이가 없었다(0.58±0.1 vs. 0.56±0.1 rad/37 MBq, p=0.34). 추적용량 방사성옥소 투여 후 구한 MPD는 평균 13.3±1.9 GBq (9.7 ~ 16 GBq) 이였고, 치료용량 방사성옥소 투여 후 구한 MPD는 평균 13.8±2.1 GBq (10.4 ~ 16.3 GBq)로 유의한 차이가 없었으며 (p=0.20), 두 수치간에는 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다(r=0.8, p<0.0001). 7명의 환자에서 말초혈액림프구 중기염색체 분석법으로 MPD를 측정하였는데 혈액의 피폭선량은 1.78±0.03 G였으며, 같은 환자에서 혈중 방사능소실곡선으로부터 구한 피폭선량은 1.54±0.03 G로 유의하게 낮았으나 (p=0.01), 두 측정치 간에는 유의한 상관관계(r=0.86, p=0.01)가 있었다. 저용량 치료군 43명 중 22명(51.2%)에서 완전치유를 보였고 21명(48.8%)에서는 부분치유를 보인 반면 고용량 치료군 15명 중 12명(80%)에서 완전치유를 보였고 3명(20%)에서만 부분치유를 보여 고용량 치료군에서 유의하게 높은 완전치유를 얻을 수 있었다(p=0.05). 한편 부작용 발생빈도는 저용량 치료군 43명 중 13(30.2%), 고용량 치료군 15명 중 6명(40%)로 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p=0.46). 임상적인 병기, 연령 및 성별에 따라서는 치유의 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 결론 : 혈중소실곡선으로부터 MPD를 결정하고 이를 토대로 환자 개개인별로 적절한 선량을 선택하여 치료하는 방법은 부작용을 최소화하면서도 치료효과를 높일 수 있는 매우 유용한 치료법이며, 고위험군 분화갑상선 암 환자에게 가장 적절한 치료법이라고 사료되었다. Purpose: Radioiodine (1-131) therapy is an effective modality to reduce both recurrence and mortality rates in differentiated thyroid cancer. Whether higher doses shows higher therapeutic responses was still debatable. The purpose of this study was to validate curve-fitting (CF) method measuring maximum permissible dose (MPD) by a biological dosimetry using metaphase analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: Therapeutic effects of MPD was evaluated in 58 patients (49 females and 9 males, mean age 50±11 years) of papillary thyroid cancer. Among them 43 patients were treated with ≤7.4 GBq, while 15 patients with ≥9.25 GBq. The former was defined as low-dose group, and the latter high-dose group. Therapeutic response was defined as complete response when complete disappearance of lesions on follow-up 1-131 scan and undetectable serum thyroglobulin levels were found. Statistical comparison between groups were done using chi-square test. P value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: MPD measured by CF method using tracer and therapeutic doses were 13.3±1.9 and 13.8±2.1 GBq, respectively (p=0.20). They showed a significant correlation (r=0.8, p<0.0001). Exposed doses to blood measured by CF and biological methods were 1.54±0.03 and 1.78±0.03 Gy (p=0.01). They also showed a significant correlation (r=0.86, p=0.01). High-does group showed a significantly higher rate of complete response (12/15, 80%) as compared to the low-dose group (22/43, 51.2%) (p=0.05). While occurrence of side effects was not different between two groups (40% vs. 30.2%, p=0.46). Conclusion: Measurement of MPD using CF method is reliable, and the high-dose 1-131 therapy using MPD gains significantly higher therapeutic effects as compared with low-dose therapy.

중부지방의 난대성 수종 기후 적응도 분석 : 세종특별자치시 수산리 배재대학교 수목실습장을 대상으로

서병기, 안영직, 이윤구 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2018 自然科學論文集 Vol.29 No.1

This study was carried out to monitor the growth of warm-temperate species that are planted in the Sejong practice field of Pai Chai university and evaluated the degree of adaptation of the species in the midlands. Trees less than two years were sampled and investigated for the analysis of the climatic characteristics of the practice field. Also, this survey identified the growth characteristics and climate adaptation of warm-temperate woody species. This general forests, unlike significance in terms of the experiment excludes the pressure of the outside within the same conditions were limited to the temporal scope only the initial growth characteristics of the short forested study period. In the future study, the continuous survival rate, investigation and analysis of the physico-chemical resistance in various aspects of soil analysis should be need to look at the trends and characteristics of the additional growth. 본 연구는 세종특별자치시 수산리 배재대학교 수목실습장에 식재한 난대성 수종의 생장량을 측정하여 중부지방의 적응정도를 파악하고자 하였다. 배재대학교 수목실습장의 기후특성 분석을 통해서 수목의 생장량과의 연관성을 파악하였다. 배재대학교 세종 수목실습장에 식재한 수목을 종별로 표본추출하여 생장량을 측정하였다. 중부내륙지방에 식재한 난대성 2년 미만의 수령에 해당하는 수종의 생장특성 및 기후적응여부를 조사하였다. 연구기간이 짧아 수목의 초기 생장특성만을 시간적 범위로 한정하였다. 수목의 적응여부를 살펴보기 위한 과정으로 생장량과 고사율만을 살펴보았다는 데서 한계점이 있어 차후 연구에서는 지속적인 예찰을 통해 추가적인 생장특성의 변화추이를 살펴보고, 토양의 이화학성 분석 등 다양한 관점에서의 조사가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

退溪 李滉의 敎育思想

裵泳基 단국대학교 대학원 1988 學術論叢 Vol.12 No.-

1. Lee T'oegye, the great thinker who was born in Korea as a representative scholar of the nation, was first of all a poet, a writer, a calligrapher, a most cultivated man, an anthropologist, a scholar of the Tao (a moralist), especially and educator, as well as a philosopher, of the highest level in the country. The core of his philosophy is at first in the spiritual cultivation and its practice of the mind of "sincerity" which is "the true mind of manking" through the mind of "the awe and respect" and next in the approaching step by step to "the root off love" that is the origin of the true mind of human belings. 2. He shows the concrete means of "cultivation" and keeping sincerity which is "the true mind" through "the awe and respect" is his Theory of Returning to the True Mind of Mankind and Keeping it in Every Doings of Daily Life (The Theory of Spiritual Cultivation); what he unfolds more minute arguement in which in "phases step by step" the mind of sincerity that is mankind's truth in order to hold it within "the logical sequence (Li)" even in the world of daily "emotions" and thus makes it deepen and highten more and more is his Theory of Human Nature; what hi realizes that both "the root of love" which is "the utimate of sincerity" of human beings and "the real feature (truth)" of the natural things and mental things are common-original things and hereby "regards this as the reality" of the world is high Theory of Reality (Ontology). 3. What he teaches "the giving love to the people" that the king (Wang) gives the very ultimate of sincerity (that is the root of love) to the people instead of the Heaven is his Theory of Governing (Political Theory); what hi points out briefly that "the knowledge" based upon the sincerity which is mankind's truth and "the conduct" which is its practice act each other so as to progress alternately is his Theory of Truth; what he declares the penetration that to the man who reached "the ultimate of sincerity" come "the real features" of things of themselves paradoxically because "the ultimate of sincerity" which is human beings' truth and "the real features" of things are "common-original things" that can intereact each other is his Theory of the Extention of Knowledge through the Investigation of Things (Epistemology known Ke wu ching chin) discussesed in his later days: and except only the Theory of Truth which is written in his earlier days in this place, such framed structure of the philosophy of Lee T'oegye coincide obviously with the forming process of his thought in chronological order. 4. Furthermore, Lee T'oegye teaches us that the true mind of mankind "to love truly" rising toward the ultimate of sincerity which is the root of love becomes the filial piety when it practices its emotion to the parents, becomes the brotherly love when it practices its emotion to the brothers and sisters, becomes the loyality when it practices its emotion to the country "thus, according to him, the manifastations of the pure emotions which lie on the bottom of the true mind of manking are all the grades of moralities in the world, and it may be the ultimate purpose of his philosophy that every individuals and every countries rise to the level in which they can finally realize "the original and ultimate love" in his world practically through the practices of the various grades of moralities of the aforementioned meaning. 5. Therefore, it seems to be right that the leaders who have intentions and the intelligenced people who are anxious about in some parts of Western world where money and sex and power and immorality dance boisteroulsy hereat once listen to such mental sagacity of Orient as this. If we pursue the philosophy of Lee T'oegye considering its "process of forming" and its "grades of academic importance" together, we can find that it is divided in order (1) The theory of Spiritual Cultivation (Returning to the True Mind and Keeping it in Every Doings of Daily Life) and (2) the Theory of Human Nature and (3) the Theory of Reality (Ontology) and (4) the Theory of Governing (Political Theory) and (5) the Theory of Truth and (6) the Theory of Knowledge (Epistemology) general; and when we abserve at first the characterization as a whole which is gotten as a natural consequence by illuminating and scrutinizing and imbossing and coloring the thought core in modern fashion on all of these fields, it goes as follows: the spirit-cultivationism (moral improvement) and personalism in the Theory of Spiritual Cultivation, moralism and valueism (getting nearer to the intrinsic value) and idealism in the Theory of Human Nature, the "idealistic-realistic" humanism and mentalism in the Ontology. 6. Conclusively, the Wangism (governing with virtue) and humanitarianism and rationalism in the Theory of Governing, the behaviorism and practicalism in the Epistemology etc. are those. Because only "the Theory of Truth and its behaviorism and practicalism in it" which I say here belongs to his early days as "the order of the forming of thought", but it obviously remains behind the four that go ahead in turn as the ranking of "academic importance (and the quantity of argument), I cannot but put it just before the Epistemology; I hope every one to know commonly that this alone is the only one exception in arrangement.

Al³^(+) 존재가 ^(99m)Tc-MDP의 표지효율과 생체내 분포에 미치는 영향

장영수,정재민,김영주,곽철은,이동수,정준기,이명철,고창순 大韓核醫學會 1996 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.30 No.3

NAP 공정을 이용한 하수의 질소 및 인 제거에 관한 연구

이성기,송영일,김현중,진성기 조선대학교 환경연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.1

In the process of NAP(Nightsoil Application Process)to get rid of organism, nitrogen and phosphorus, the retention time in an aerobic tank is set up 4hr, 5hr and 6hr with A1, A2 and A3 reactor the sludge return rate is 50% and the internal return rate is 200%. The change of DO, PH, MLSS, MLVSS, Alkalinity, SBOD, SCOD, Organism, SS, Nutrients and the removal rate of those conditions are followed as below. The removal rate of BOD in each reactor is 81.9% in A1, 83.9% in A2 and 87.2% in A3. The average removal rate of COD is 82.3% in A1, 83.6% in A2 and 88.0% in A3. The average removal rate of SS is 81.9% in A1, 83.9% in A2 and 87.2% in A3. The results show that A3 reactor, which has longer retention time than others in the aerobic tank has better removal rate of organism and SS. The average removal rate of T-N in each reactor is 51.4% in A1, 51.8% in A2 and 60.3% in A3. The average removal rate of T-N is 43.4% in A1, 46.0% in A2 and 52.78% in A3. It indicates that the removal rate is higher when the retention time in the aerobic tank is increased. NAP process can be operated that inserting nightsoil which causes to increase C/N in a reactor affects microorganism activity and increases the removal rate of nutrients in the spite of the decrease of the retention time. If the reactor conditions which are internal return rate, return sludge rate and volume of inserting nightsoil are set up properly. The removal rate can be higher in NAP process than in DNR process in which nightsoil is not inserted.

DNR공정을 이용한 질소와 인 제거에 관한 연구

이성기,송영일 조선대학교 환경연구소 1999 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.1

The objective of this experiment is to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from the wastewater by Daewoo Nutrients Removal(DNR) System. The BOD removal rate in DNR, MLE and Oxidation ditch process is 91.4%, 91.5% and 90.2%, respectively which is shown similar trends in COD removal rate. The removal rate of T-N in DNR, MLE and Oxidation ditch process is 55.5%, 57.4% and 41.9%, respectively. The removal rate of T-P in DNR, MLE and Oxidation ditch process is 62.5%, 35.1% and 32.8%, respectively. DNR process is best in removal of T-N and T-P as well as organics.

政策決定過程에 關한 事例硏究 : A Case Study of Policy-Making Process

朴基永 全北大學校 法政大學 極東問題硏究所 1974 극동논총 Vol.2 No.-