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이지은,장혜경,오지영,유윤경,김현지,임숙인,연숙희,강진숙,최귀령 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1
In an aging society, there is an increasing possibility of the duplication of the drugs given to patients because they take many kinds of drugs. Among the prescriptions given to the patients who was treated at multiple ambulatory clinics in St. Mary's hospital for one month of September, 2002, in which drugs that has identical or similar effects are prescribed, we analysed and evaluated them by patients' characteristics, kinds of medication, severity of side effects on a case by case basis. More, we assessed the potential additional costs. As a result of this study, the duplication rate turned out to be 6.69% and it was shown that the proportion of the elderly patients over 60 was high. The gastro-intestinal medications took up a large part and most of the cases showed that the danger caused by double taking of medicine was slight, but there were some examples in which the serious side effects were predicted. Expected additional costs were the average 11.349 won and it ranges from the minimum of 56 won to the maximum of 135,720 won. In conclusion, the management of drug histories of the patients who need the plural treatments is very important and the necessity of the individual and professional guidance of taking medicines for the elderly patients is emerged, too.
You jin LEE,Hye jin LIM,So jung LEE,Dong-Myung KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Complementary cell-free protein synthesis (CCFPS) assay is a method to analyze amino acids by the activity of cell-free synthesized reporter proteins. For example, a reaction mixture for cell-free protein synthesis is prepared in the absence of alanine. Due to the lack of an amino acid, this reaction mixture is not capable of producing synthesis of a reporter protein. Upon the addition of an assay sample containing alanine, however, the set of 20 amino acids is completed to produce functional reporter protein. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous systems of mammals. Besides blocking impulses between nerve cells, numerous functions of GABA have been reported including antihypertension, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and intestinal protection [1-4]. In this study, we designed a versatile method that enables facile and accurate measurement of GABA by the CCFPS assay combined with transaminase-mediated synthesis of alanine from GABA. After conversion of GABA into alanine by a transaminase, the concentration of generated alanine was measured based on the activity of cell-free synthesized reporter protein. The modular nature of this method enables the use of a variety of measuring instrument by programming the assay solution with the genes of appropriate reporter proteins. Depending on the experimental settings and demanded sensitivity, for example, the assay can be customized to measure GABA concentration by fluorescence, luminescence, and electric signals. Our results demonstrate that the translational machinery can be harnessed to convert a metabolic analyte to readily measurable reporter proteins.
Infection Mechanism of Pathogenic Exduate by Soil-Borne Fungal Pathogens
You-Jin Lim,Hye-Jin Kim,Jin-A Song,Doug-Young Chung 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4
The processes to determine the composition, dynamics, and activity of infection mechanisms by the rhizosphere microflora have attracted the interest of scientists from multiple disciplines although considerable progress of the infection pathways and plant-pathogen interactions by soil borne fungal pathogens have been made. Soilborne pathogens are confined within a three-dimensional matrix of mineral soil particles, pores, organic matter in various stages of decomposition and a biological component. Among the physical and chemical properties of soils soil texture and matric water potential may be the two most important factors that determine spread exudates by soil borne fungal pathogens, based on the size of the soil pores. Pathogenic invasion of plant roots involves complex molecular mechanisms which occur in the diffuse interface between the root and the soil created by root exudates. The initial infection by soilborne pathogens can be caused by enzymes which breakdown cell wall layers to penetrate the plant cell wall for the fungus. However, the fate and mobility of the exudates are less well understood. Therefore, it needs to develop methods to control disease caused by enzymes produced by the soilborne pathogens by verifying many other possible pathways and mechanisms of infection processes occurring in soils.
Infection Mechanism of Pathogenic Exduate by Soil-Borne Fungal Pathogens : A Review
Lim, You-Jin,Kim, Hye-Jin,Song, Jin-A,Chung, Doug-Young Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.4
The processes to determine the composition, dynamics, and activity of infection mechanisms by the rhizosphere microflora have attracted the interest of scientists from multiple disciplines although considerable progress of the infection pathways and plant-pathogen interactions by soil borne fungal pathogens have been made. Soilborne pathogens are confined within a three-dimensional matrix of mineral soil particles, pores, organic matter in various stages of decomposition and a biological component. Among the physical and chemical properties of soils soil texture and matric water potential may be the two most important factors that determine spread exudates by soil borne fungal pathogens, based on the size of the soil pores. Pathogenic invasion of plant roots involves complex molecular mechanisms which occur in the diffuse interface between the root and the soil created by root exudates. The initial infection by soilborne pathogens can be caused by enzymes which breakdown cell wall layers to penetrate the plant cell wall for the fungus. However, the fate and mobility of the exudates are less well understood. Therefore, it needs to develop methods to control disease caused by enzymes produced by the soilborne pathogens by verifying many other possible pathways and mechanisms of infection processes occurring in soils.
Jin You Jeong,Kim Ji Eun,Roh Yu Jeong,Song Hee Jin,Seol Ayun,Park Jumin,Lim Yong,Seo Sungbaek,Hwang Dae Youn 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.4
This study characterised the changes in global gene expression in the lung of ICR mice in response to the inflammation and fibrosis induced by the inhalation of 0.5 μm polystyrene (PS)-nanoplastics (NPs) at various concentrations (4, 8, and 16 μg/ mL) for 2 weeks. The total RNA extracted from the lung tissue of NPs-inhaled mice was hybridised into oligonucleotide microarrays. Significant upregulation was detected in several inflammatory responses, including the number of immune cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the expression level of inflammatory cytokines, mucin secretion, and histopathological changes, while they accumulated average of 13.38 ± 1.0 μg/g in the lungs of the inhaled ICR mice. Similar responses were observed regarding the levels of fibrosis-related factors in the NPs-inhaled lung of ICR mice, such as pulmonary parenchymal area, expression of pro-fibrotic marker genes, and TGF-β1 downstream signalling without any significant hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. In microarray analyses, 60 genes were upregulated, and 55 genes were downregulated in the lung of ICR mice during inflammation and fibrosis induced by NPs inhalation compared to the Vehicle-inhaled mice. Among these genes, many were categorised into several ontology categories, including the anatomical structure, binding, membrane, and metabolic process. Furthermore, the major genes in the upregulated categories included Igkv14-126000, Egr1, Scel, Lamb3, and Upk3b. In contrast, the major genes in the down-regulated categories were Olfr417, Olfr519, Rps16, Rap2b, and Vmn1r193. These results suggest several gene functional groups and individual genes as specific biomarkers respond to inflammation and fibrosis induced by PS-NPs inhalation in ICR mice.