암컷 마우스에서 몸무게와 지질대사에 미치는 fenofibrate의 영향

정선효,이형희,한미영,유칠열,윤미정 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.1

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα)는 지질대사를 조절하며, 지질대사 및 에너지 균형과 관련된 질병들 - 동맥경화증, 비만, 제 2형 당뇨병 등에서 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 본 연구는 폐경 후 비만에 대한 PPARα의 역할을 연구하기 위해서 난소 유무에 따른 PPARα activator인 fenofibrate의 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 fenofibrate는 난소를 가진 그룹에 비해 난수가 제거된 그룹에서 high-fat diet에 의해 증가된 몸무게를 효과적으로 감소시켰으며, 복부지방의 무게, 혈중 triglycerides 및 총 cholesterol 농도와 좋은 상관관계를 보임으로써 지방산 산화를 촉진하는 PPARα 와 난소의 유무, 지질대사 그리고 비만이 밀접하게 관련되어 있음을 나타냈다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 PPARα를 통해 폐경 후의 여성에서 발생하는 비만뿐만 아니라 lipid나 lipoprotein 대사의 이상이 동시에 개선될 수 있음을 시사한다. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα) is known to modulate lipid metabolism and to have an important role for energy balance associated with metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and type Ⅱ diabetes. To determine the function of PPARα in obesity of postmenopausal women, this study examined the effects of PPARα activator fenofibrate on body weight gain and lipid metabolism in sham-operated and overiectomized mice. Fenofibrate treatment significantly inhibited geh high-fat diet-induced increase in body weight in overiectomized mice, but not in sham-operated mice. The results of body weight was found to be positively correlated with visceral fat weight, serum total cholesterol and tyglyceride levels, indicating that PPARα, existence of ovary, and lipid metabolism may be closely related with obesity. These results support that PPARα can simultaneously improve obesity and indisposition of lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.

Mycophenolate Antagonizes IFN-γ-Induced Catagen-Like Changes via β-Catenin Activation in Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Hair Follicles

Ryu, Sunhyo,Lee, Yonghee,Hyun, Moo Yeol,Choi, Sun Young,Jeong, Kwan Ho,Park, Young Min,Kang, Hoon,Park, Kui Young,Armstrong, Cheryl A.,Johnson, Andrew,Song, Peter I.,Kim, Beom Joon MDPI 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.15 No.9

<P>Recently, various immunosuppressant drugs have been shown to induce hair growth in normal hair as well as in alopecia areata and androgenic alopecia; however, the responsible mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the influence of mycophenolate (MPA), an immunosuppressant, on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) and on the growth of human hair follicles following catagen induction with interferon (IFN)-γ. IFN-γ was found to reduce β-catenin, an activator of hair follicle growth, and activate glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, and enhance expression of the Wnt inhibitor DKK-1 and catagen inducer transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. IFN-γ inhibited expression of ALP and other dermal papillar cells (DPCs) markers such as Axin2, IGF-1, and FGF 7 and 10. MPA increased β-catenin in IFN-γ-treated hDPCs leading to its nuclear accumulation via inhibition of GSK3β and reduction of DKK-1. Furthermore, MPA significantly increased expression of ALP and other DPC marker genes but inhibited expression of TGF-β2. Therefore, we demonstrate for the first time that IFN-γ induces catagen-like changes in hDPCs and in hair follicles via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and that MPA stabilizes β-catenin by inhibiting GSK3β leading to increased β-catenin target gene and DP signature gene expression, which may, in part, counteract IFN-γ-induced catagen in hDPCs.</P>

Swim Training Improves Fitness in High Fat Diet-fed Female Mice

Jongkui Jun,Wang-Lok Lee,Young-Ran Lee,Sunhyo Jeong 대한의생명과학회 2010 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.16 No.3

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a central role in lipid metabolism and obesity. Exercise also is a powerful modifier of the manifestations of the lipid metabolism and obesity in animal models and humans with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, effects of exercise on lipid metabolism and obesity in normal-weight younger female subjects, having functional ovaries and not metabolic disease, remain unexplained. To explore the effects of exercise on the development of obesity and its molecular mechanism in high fat diet-fed female C57BL/6J mice, we experimented the effects of swim training on body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipid levels, morphological changes of adipocytes and the expression of PPARα target genes involved in fat oxidation in skeletal muscle tissue of female C57BL/6J mice. Swim-trained mice had significantly decreased body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum triglycerides compared with female control mice. Histological studies showed that swim training significantly decreased the average size of adipoctyes in parametrial adipose tissue. Swim training did not affect the expression of PPARα mRNA in skeletal muscle. Concomitantly, swim training did not increase mRNA levels of PPARα target genes responsible for fatty acid β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and thiolase in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, these results indicate that swim training regulates lipid metabolism and obesity in high fat diet fed-female mice although swim training did not increase mRNA levels of PPARα target genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation in skeletal muscle, suggesting that swim training may prevent obesity and improve fitness through other mechanisms in female with functioning ovaries, not through the activation of skeletal muscle PPARα.

천해에서 내부파로 인해 생성되는 잔향음에 의한 허위표적 신호 발생 가능성

이성춘,김선효,최지웅,강돈혁,박정수,박경주,Lee, Sung Chun,Kim, Sunhyo,Choi, Jee Woong,Kang, Donhyug,Park, Joung Soo,Park, Kyeongju 한국음향학회 2015 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

능동소나 시스템에서 천해 내부파에 의한 잔향음으로부터 유도될 수 있는 허위 표적 신호의 발생 가능성에 대하여 연구하였다. 내부파로부터 굴절된 하향 음선은 강한 해저면 잔향음 신호를 발생시켜 허위 표적 신호를 야기한다. 음원으로부터 송출된 음파는 3차원적으로 전파하므로, 2차원(r-z) 뿐만 아니라 수평방향에 대해서도 고려되어야 한다. 솔리톤(soliton)으로 구성된 내부파 모델링은 음원과 솔리톤간 거리 및 솔리톤의 수평폭과 같이 다양한 조건에서 수행되었다. 음원은 가변심도소나(VDS: Variable Depth Sonar)를 가정하여 모의 환경에서의 최소음속층에 위치시켰고, 음선 기반의 잔향음 모델을 이용하여 시간에 따른 잔향음 준위를 모의하였다. 결과적으로 음원과 솔리톤간 거리 및 솔리톤의 수평폭에 따라 여러 개의 허위표적 신호가 동시에 PPI(Plan Position Indicator) 전시기에 나타날 수 있음을 확인하였다. It is investigated that there exists the possibility of the false target signals induced by reverberation in an active sonar system due to the internal waves in shallow water. The rays down-refracted from the internal waves may generate strong bottom-reverberation signals, which can result in false target signals. Sound waves emitted from a source propagate 3-dimensionally. Therefore, the study of internal waves on the reverberation should be studied for azimuthal direction as well as 2-dimensional (r-z) plane. Internal-wave modelling was conducted, based on solitons which were predicted with the various conditions such as, the range of source-soliton, horizontal widths of soliton. Variable depth sonar (VDS) was assumed as a source, of which the depth was located in the minimum sound speed layer in a simulation environment. Finally, the simulation on the reverberation level with time was made based on ray-based reverberation model, and the results implied that several false-target signals could be displayed on the PPI(Plan Position Indicator) scope simultaneously with range from source to soliton, and the horizontal width of soliton.

Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy of an Impacted Enterolith Causing Acute Afferent Loop Syndrome

조영신,이태훈,Soon Oh Hwang,Sunhyo Lee,정윤호,정일권,박상흠,김선주 대한소화기내시경학회 2014 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.47 No.4

Afferent loop syndrome caused by an impacted enterolith is very rare, and endoscopic removal of the enterolith may be difficult if a stricture is present or the normal anatomy has been altered. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is commonly used for endoscopic fragmentation of biliary and pancreatic duct stones. A 64-year-old man who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy presented with acute, severe abdominal pain for a duration of 2 hours. Initially, he was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis because of an elevated amylase level and pain, but was finally diagnosed with acute afferent loop syndrome when an impacted enterolith was identified by computed tomography. We successfully removed the enterolith using direct electrohydraulic lithotripsy conducted using a transparent cap-fitted endoscope without complications. We found that this procedure was therapeutically beneficial.

Human cholestatic hepatitis owing to polyoxyethylene nonylphenol ingestion : A case report

Min, Jihye,Han, Joohye,Kim, Kyungju,Park, Samel,Lee, Sunhyo,Hong, Jungrak,Gil, Hyowook,Song, Hoyeon,Hong, Saeyong Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.32

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Rationale:</B></P><P>The purpose of this study was to identify the chemical responsible for cholestatic hepatitis in a 55-year-old woman who ingested 1,1′-iminodi (octamethylene) diguanidinium triacetate (iminoctadine triacetate), a fungicide. The fungicide formulation was also composed of polyoxyethylene nonylphenol (NP-40) and methanol.</P><P><B>Patient concerns:</B></P><P>Severe cholestatic hepatitis developed, which led to the patient's death on day 88 of hospitalization. Post-mortem necropsy of the liver showed focal hepatocyte necrosis involving mostly the mid-zone, along with intracytoplasmic and intracanalicular cholestasis.</P><P><B>Diagnoses:</B></P><P>To identify the chemical responsible for hepatic injury, the cellular toxicity of all chemicals in the fungicide formulation was assessed in HepG2 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiaxol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test.</P><P><B>Outcomes:</B></P><P>Viability of cells treated with the surfactant NP-40 was significantly lower (<I>P</I> < .001), but that of cells treated with other components of the fungicide, including the active ingredient, iminoctadine triacetate, was unaffected. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis confirmed that necrosis was induced in HepG2 cells treated with 25–80 μM of NP-40, while significant numbers of apoptotic cells were not detected.</P><P><B>Lessons:</B></P><P>NP-40 appears to be the chemical responsible for the patient's irreversible hepatic injury, accompanied by intracytoplasmic and intracanalicular cholestasis.</P>

수중합성환경에서 단상태 능동소나의 성능분석을 위한 표적신호 모의

김선효,유승기,최지웅,강돈혁,박정수,이동준,박경주,Kim, Sunhyo,You, Seung-Ki,Choi, Jee Woong,Kang, Donhyug,Park, Joung Soo,Lee, Dong Joon,Park, Kyeongju 한국음향학회 2013 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

능동소나는 일반적으로 천해에서 존재하는 표적을 탐지하기 위해 사용된다. 신호가 송신되고 표적으로부터 반향되어 되돌아올 때, 표적 반향신호는 다중경로, 거친 해저면 또는 해수면에 의한 산란 그리고 음속구조에 의한 굴절과 같은 다양한 음파전달 특성에 의해 왜곡 되어 수신되며, 이는 표적 탐지를 어렵게 만든다. 그러므로 능동소나의 운용성능 체계에서 표적 신호 모의 시 음파전달 특성을 고려하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 단상태 능동소나 시스템을 고려하였으며, 표적 반향, 잔향음 그리고 주변소음은 각각 시계열 함수로 모의되었다. 마지막으로 전체 수신 신호를 모의하기 위해 위 신호들을 합하였다. 표적의 특징(형태, 위치, 자세각 등)을 반영한 3차원 대표반향점 모델은 음원과 표적 사이에 각각의 다중경로를 고려하여 표적 반향 신호를 모의하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 표적 신호 모의 시 직접파만을 고려한 알고리즘의 결과와 비교하였다. Active sonar has been commonly used to detect targets existing in the shallow water. When a signal is transmitted and returned back from a target, it has been distorted by various properties of acoustic channel such as multipath arrivals, scattering from rough sea surface and ocean bottom, and refraction by sound speed structure, which makes target detection difficult. It is therefore necessary to consider these channel properties in the target signal simulation in operational performance system of active sonar. In this paper, a monostatic active sonar system is considered, and the target echo, reverberation, and ambient noise are individually simulated as a function of time, and finally summed to simulate a total received signal. A 3-dimensional highlight model, which can reflect the target features including the shape, position, and azimuthal and elevation angles, has been applied to each multipath pair between source and target to simulate the target echo signal. The results are finally compared to those obtained by the algorithm in which only direct path is considered in target signal simulation.

거리독립 해양환경에서 고속이동 음원의 고주파 잔향음 신호모의

김선효,이원병,유승기,최지웅,김우식,박정수,박경주,Kim, Sunhyo,Lee, Wonbyoung,You, Seung-Ki,Choi, Jee Woong,Kim, Wooshik,Park, Joung Soo,Park, Kyoung Ju 한국음향학회 2013 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

천해 환경에서 고주파 능동소나를 운용할 경우 각 경계면에서의 잔향음 및 도플러 효과는 소나 운용에 제한요소로 작용한다. 따라서 잔향음 제한 환경에서 소나 시스템을 운용하기 위해서는 그 환경 조건에서 발생하는 잔향음 준위를 예측하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 거리 독립 환경에서 고속으로 이동하는 음원에서 수신되는 잔향음 신호를 모의할 수 있는 고주파 잔향음 모델을 제안한다. 본 모델에서는 음선 이론과 음선 송신각 최적화 방법을 이용하여 음원에서 각 경계면까지의 고유음선 정보를 계산하고, 이동하는 음원에 의해 변화된 음원 수신 위치는 음속 그리고 음원의 방향 및 속도를 고려한 산란경로 탐색 알고리즘에 의하여 계산된다. 또한 해수면 및 해저면에서의 산란 효과는 APL-UW 산란 모델을 적용하여 고려한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 잔향음 모델은 2010 년 8월 측정된 실험과 비교 검증된다. 본 논문에서 제안된 잔향음 모델은 잔향음 신호의 통계적 특성을 잘 반영하도록 개발되었다. In a shallow water waveguide, reverberation signals and their Doppler effects form the primary limitation on sonar system performance. Therefore, in the reverberation-limited environment, it is necessary to estimate the reverberation level to be encountered under the conditions in which the sonar system is operated. In this paper, high-frequency reverberation model capable of simulating the reverberation signals received by a high-speed moving source in a range independent waveguide is suggested. In this model, eigenray information from the source to each boundary is calculated using the ray-based approach and the optimizing method for the launch angles. And the source receiving position changed by the moving source is found by a scattering path-finding algorithm, which considers the speed and direction of source and sound speed to find the path of source movement. The scattering effects from sea surface and bottom boundaries are considered by APL-UW scattering models. The model suggested in this paper is verified by a comparison to the measurements made in August 2010. Lastly, this model reflects well statistical properties of the reverberation signals.

음원과 수신기 사이에 교차 산란단면적을 이용한 양상태 잔향음 모의

오래근,김선효,손수욱,최지웅,박정수,신창홍,안명환,이범직,Oh, Raegeun,Kim, Sunhyo,Son, Su-Uk,Choi, Jee Woong,Park, Joung-Soo,Shin, Changhong,Ahn, Myonghwan,Lee, Bum Jik 한국음향학회 2017 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

소나 운용에서 잔향음은 수중 표적 탐지의 제한요소이기 때문에 정확한 예측이 중요하다. 최근에는 단상태소나 연구에서 공간적으로 송수신기의 위치가 다른 양상태 소나에 대한 연구로 확장되고 있는 추세이다. 양상태 잔향음을 모의하기 위해서는 양상태 음파전달, 양상태 산란강도 및 산란단면적 등에서 단상태와 다른 복잡한 계산이 요구된다. 전 세계적으로 양상태 잔향음에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만 잔향음을 예측하는데 중요한 요소인 양상태 산란단면적을 정확하게 계산하는 방법에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 본 논문에서는 거리 독립 환경의 양상태 잔향음모의에서 두 원의 교차되는 면적을 응용하는 새로운 산란단면적 계산 방법을 제안한다. 최종적으로 본 논문의 양상태 산란단면적 계산 방법으로 모의된 잔향음 준위는 기존에 제안되었던 방법들의 예측값과 비교되며 2013년 5월에 수행된 해상 실험의 측정값과 비교를 수행하였다. It is important to predict accurately reverberation level, which is a limiting factor in underwater target detection. Recently, the studies have been expanded from monostatic sonar to bistatic sonar in which source and receivers are separated. To simulate the bistatic reverberation level, the computation processes for propagation, scattering strength, and scattering cross section are different from those in monostatic case and more complex computation processes are required. Although there have been many researches for bistatic reverberation, few studies have assessed the bistatic scattering cross section which is a key factor in simulate reverberation level. In this paper, a new method to estimate the bistatic scattering cross section is suggested, which uses the area of intersection between two circles. Finally, the reverberation levels simulated with the scattering cross section estimated using the method suggested in this paper are compared with those estimated using the methods previously suggested and those measured from an acoustic measurements conducted in May 2013.