Occurrence assessment of earth fissure based on genetic algorithms and artificial neural networks in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence area, China

Wenjing Zhang,Li Gao,Xun Jiao,Jun Yu,Xiaosi Su,Shanghai Du 한국지질과학협의회 2014 Geosciences Journal Vol.18 No.4

Earth fissures in Su-Xi-Chang land subsidence areahave induced massive damages to the area. The non-linear characteristicassociated with the process of earth fissure formation requiresnon-linear method for evaluating the occurrence of the hazard. Based on quantification of influence factors on breeding the hazard,GA-ANN method, which integrates artificial neural networks(ANN) with genetic algorithms (GA), is developed for evaluating theoccurrence of earth fissure hazard. Six indicators, that include thedepth of bedrock burial (DBB), the degree of bedrock relief (DBR),water level (WL) (the II confined aquifer), the gradient of landsubsidence (GLS), transmissivity (T) (the II confined aquifer) andthe thickness of clay soil (TCS), are selected as the input patternsof the integrated approach, and danger index (DI) as the outputpattern. A multilayer back-propagation neural network is trainedwith 30 sets of data samples including 15 sets of earth fissure samplesand 15 sets of safety samples for defining the architecture ofANN. Subsequently, GA is employed by optimizing the initial weightsof trained ANN by minimizing the deviation of output. The efficacy ofthe integrated approach is demonstrated by comparing the deviationof output from ANN and GA-ANN for 5 testing samples andthe result shows that the GA-ANN method is more accurate thanANN in identifying the occurrence of earth fissure. The integratedmethod is applied to the assessment of earth fissure hazard in typicalregions of earth fissure. According to the classification of DI, theregions are divided into four zones ‒ danger zone, sub-danger zone,sub-safe zone and safe zone.

ESD(Electrospray Deposition)를 이용한 SU8 바이오센서 개발

김준완,김범준,히구찌토시로우,야마가따유따까,이원희,김동수,Kim, Jun-Wan,Kim, Beom-Jun,HiGuChi, Toshirowu,YaMaGaTa, Yutaka,Lee, Won-Hui,Kim, Dong-Su 재료연구소 2005 機械와 材料 Vol.17 No.1

투명전극을 이용한 태양전지의 제작 및 특성에 관한 연구

전철원,채건식,이수대,김영국 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1987 환경연구 Vol.9 No.-

Highly conductive and transparent thin films of ITO are fabricated by spray Pylosis method. The parameters of these thin films are as follows : resistivity ρ=1.5x10^(-3) Ωㆍ??, transmission 90% over visible and IR region. The Parameters of SnO_(2) : F thin films are follows : resistivity ρ=1.8x10^(-3)Ωㆍ??, trans-mission 80% over visible ant IR region. ITO thin films have simple cubic structure with lattice constant α=10.2Å and polycrystalline with (400) and (222). SnO_(2): F thin films have tetragonal system with lattice constant α=4.8Å and polycrystalline with (110), (200), (211) and (310). Under AMI sunlight simulator, the Parameters for ITO/n-Si heterojunction solar cells are open-circuit voltage Voc =0.42 V, short-circuit current Isc =34mA, fill factor FF=0.67 and conversion efficiency η=10%. Under AMI sunlight simulator, the parameters for SnO_(2): F/n -Si heterojunction solar cells are open-circuit voltage Voc =0.36V, short-circuit current Isc =28mA fill factor FF=0.55 and conversion efficiency η=6%.

경부 청소술 후의 승모근기능

박준명,박동식,정광익,이언석,노영수 大韓再活醫學會 1998 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Al-Co 공정합금의 일방향응고에 관한 연구

전현용,박수정,이현규 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2004 生産技術硏究 Vol.26 No.2

Microstructures of unidirectionally solidified Al-Co alloys made by a melt spinner were investigated. In this work, commercially pure a aluminum-cobalt alloys with compositions on the cobalt-rich side of the eutectic point were solidified vertically under the conditions of controlled crystal growth rate (R) and temperature gradientf G). The eutectic microstructure was varied according to the growth conditionl (G/R ratio). When G/R ration was lager than 8.5x10³℃/㎠/sec, the lamellar structure was formed, when G/R raton was smaller than 8.5x10³℃ /㎠/sec, the colony structure was formed. It was found that the interlamellar spacing(λ²) was depedent on the growth rate(R) through the relationship, λ² · R=constant.

시지각분석에 따른 수원민자역사에서의 공간인식과 개선제안 연구

이수동,장성준 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.1(계획계)

The goals of the study is to investigate the spatial perception of station complex and to verify the problems of space and to suggest direction for improvements. The case study is conducted on Suwon Station Complex, a newly constructed with mixture of railroad and subway station and several commercial facilities, ie. Department store, office block, cinema blocks. For the analysis of space, the Visual Structure Analysis(ISOVIST) was applied. The spaces in concern in the station complex was Front Gate(east side and towards city center), Rear Gate(west side and toward fringe area), and concourse hall. Space is organized into length, width and also perceived by finishing material and level's difference. We found that Suwon Station Complex has a big problem in the main circulation space: it provided not any clue to attract and to guide the people as they are inside a station, but a sense of department store We have to deal with various angles of outcome and additional analyses present public station making further efforts.

荒廢復舊地의 降雨流出이 溪流水의 電氣傳導度 및 主要 陰이온의 單記變化에 미치는 影響

金秀珍,程龍鎬,金景河,丁昌沂,全宰弘,劉在閏 한국임학회 2004 한국산림과학회지 Vol.93 No.7

강우시 산림유역 계류수의 수질변화과정을 파악하기 위해 1974년에 사방공사를 시행했던 경기도 양주시에 위치한 국립산림과학원 양주 2호 산림수문 유역시험지에서 2003년 3회에 걸쳐 자동채수기(ISCO사, 6712FR)를 이용해 채취한 물시료에 대해 EC, Cl^-, NO₃^- 및 SO₄^(2-)를 측정하였다. 10일간 선행강우가 70mm인 E1(2003년 4월 29일)의 경우 선행강우가 각각 25와 41mm인 E2(2003년 5월 30일)와 E3(BOO3년 7월 18일)보다 계류 유출수의 수량과 EC 변환이 느리게 반응하였는데, 이는 많은 선행강우에 의해 지하수를 통한 기저유출의 기여도가 높았기 때문에 일어난 현상이라고 생각한다. 또한 E1의 경우 생물의 흡수가 봄보다 여름철에 활발하기 때문에 다른 두 이벤트보다 높은 농도의 NO₃^- 농도들 나타내었으며, 모든 이벤트에서 생물활동의 영향을 비교적 적게 받는 Cl^-와 SO₄^(2-) 농도는 시간이 경과함에 따라 서서히 감소하였다 이상의 결과에서 알 구 있듯이 계류수 수질형성기구를 파악하기 위해서는 앞으로 지하수를 포함한 기상학적 요인, 생물적 요인, 지형학적 요인 및 지구화학적 요인 등을 포괄적으로 고려해 분석해야 할 것으로 생각된다. To understand the chemical changes in the streamwater during the storm event, we analyzed EC, Cl^-, NO₃^-, and SO₄^(2-) in Yangju No. 2 catchment, which were collected three times by using a auto-sampler (6712FR, ISCO) in 2003. The EI(April, 29, 2003), which were 70mm anticipant precipitation, showed slack change of stream discharge and EC as compare to E2(anticipant precipitation 2.5mm; May, 30, 2003) and E3(anticipant precipitation 41mm; July, 18, 2003). It was assumed that these phenomena were due to contribution of base flow recharged by much anticipant precipitant. Moreover, NO₃^- concentrations in El were higher than others, and these results may have resulted from biological absorbance ability. The concentrations of Cl^- and SO₄^(2-) decreased with elapsed time after storm events. It is reasonable to consider that meteorology, biology, geomorphology, and geochemistry are important to understanding for mechanism of streamwater chemistry.

환경친화형 수분산성 불소 아크릴레이트 공중합체에 의한 섬유 표면개질

유수용,김정두,문명준,서차수,주창식,이민규 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.10

Waterborne fluorinated acrylate copolymer (WFAC) for surface modification of textile was synthesized from perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, surfactant and 3,3 methyl-methoxy butanol. The structures of the synthesized WFAC were determinated by FT-IR and ^(19)F-NMR analysis. The thermal stability investigated with DSC and TGA was decreased with increasing the content of fluorinated acrylate in the copolymer. However, the particle sizes of WFAC were increased with increasing the content of fluorinated acrylate in the copolymer. The surface energies calculated by contact angles of WFAC were in the range of 29.80~3.41 dyne/cm. On the observing SEM of the textile surface treated with WFAC, the textile was swollen and compacted with increasing the concentration of water repellency agent. WFAC synthesized in this study showed a good water repellency.

학교체육과 지역사회체육의 연계실태와 실천방안

강전민,가경환,권창기,윤해철,손수범,변해심,신민철 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

This study was formed the basis of propelling for being closely connecting between School PE(Physical Education) and Local Society Exercise for regarding the cooperation possibility depending on the actual situation. From this, it is helpful for evaluating the total understanding of the present condition form School PE and Local Society Exercise and grasping the realities concretely. To gain the above result, the subject of study is on 48 agencies among 50 agencies that include 30 elementary and middle schools, 15 government offices, 5 YMCA offices. After investigating the plan of providing physical activity program except result PE class and the connecting program with School PE and its activation, it comes to the conclusion below this. There is the period of possible time for propelling the cooperating model at School and Local Society PE which is special activity class after school, club activity class, discretional activity class and the vacation, weekends. And also there are many participating agencies that are school, local society, public sports center and community, the youth group, local autonomous entity PE post, prfessional physical association and community, city and countries Education Office and the sports-lover's group etc. So far, the connecting program is operated at 24 agencies which are 3 elementary school(30%), 5 middle school(50%), 4 high school(40%)m 7 government office(70%), 5 YMCA office(80%). As the reason of non-operating it, the first is the lack of the charger, spare time and considering teacher's advantage when time is arranged at the teacher and leader's part. The second is the falling behind facility and the lack of place and appliance for practicing. The third is the insufficient of connecting program at program part and increasingly number of students who are individual participating at the side of local society physical agency at school. The forth is the lack of finances for running at economy part and overpaying of using fee. The fifth is the lack of the activity time at the elementary school and putting first in importance the exam for university enterance at middle and high school. The sixth is the parents and principals and school committee have little understanding of the physical educating in common at recognition part. The seventh is the cooperating company's preparation is not enough and incomplete relation each other. Looking into the opinion for activating plan of connecting program which is classified into common contents, the result is presented the same reaction both of them that the professional leader arrangement is needed at teacher and leader's part. At the facility expansion and open program part is required for a various program. In the case of school at economy condition part, more cheaper than expenses for facilities is needed and also the renovation of the education system And at the recognition part, the positive attitude of school is needed. At the safety part, the solution of safety problem for responsibility is needed. At the administration part, the support for professional agency and the change of systemic role for connecting agency.

다목적 Cell 형성 문제를 위한 유전자 알고리듬

이준수,정병호 한국경영과학회 2001 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1(2)

This paper deals with a cell formation problem for a set of m machines and n processing parts. The paper considers multiple objectives; minimize inter-cell movements, minimize intra- cell workload variation and minimize inter- cell workload variation. We suggest a genetic algorithm considering the above three objectives. The algorithm uses the concept of Euclidean distance from the ideal and negative ideal solution for fitness test of a chromosome. A numerical example is given for a comparative analysis with the results of other research.