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김재원,하종욱,박인준,이수복,오성근 한국공업화학회 2005 응용화학 Vol.9 No.1
The fluorine-containing soil-release polymer was prepared by radical polymerization. This was used as the fabric treatment agents to improve water/oil repellency and soil release property because soil release polymer is oleophobic in air/water and hydrophilic in water. The dual function is based on interface rearrangement of the oleophobic and hydrophilic segments in air and water. The micro-phase separation by environmental response was investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM). For the evaluation of the water/oil repellency and soil release property, we used the AATCC test method.
장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
Kim Ha-Na,Lee Kitae,Kumar Manoj,Ryu Woo-Je,Le Cuong Nhat,Jeong Young Uk,Kim Kyung Nam,Park Seong Hee,Jeon Min Yong,Choi Il Woo,Lee Seong Geun,Kang Seung Woo,Lee Sang Hwa,Jeon Cheonha,Jang Yong Ha,Lee 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.81 No.5
Carbon ions and protons from a double-layer target, a copper foil coated with a polymer exhibit non-Maxwellian spectral shapes, when an ultra-intense laser pulse with a high temporal contrast ratio was focused on the metal side of the target. The spectral shapes, showing strong reduction of low-energy ions, a high-energy island, and a modulated structure, are diferent from a typical thermal distribution usually obtained from a pure metal target in the laser acceleration of ions. In the case of C6+ ion, a high-energy island with an energy spread of 0.5 MeV/u was observed, which is separated from the low-energy spectrum by 0.2 MeV/u. A modulation in the proton energy spectrum was observed, which leads to a secondary peak at 2.2 MeV/u in addition to a peak at a low energy of 1.5 MeV/u. The maximum energy obtained from the double-layer target at a laser intensity of 3 × 1020 W/cm2 is 3.4 MeV/u for C6+ ions and 10 MeV/u for protons, which are higher than those obtained from a single metal foil by factors of 1.7 and 1.3, respectively. Such a spectral shape and energy enhancement could be accounted for by a bulk electrostatic feld formed at the metal-polymer interface and multi-species interactions. These results show that the spectral shape of the ion beam can be tailored with an adequate structure of micrometer-thick target.
Two-Phase Flow Analysis in Multi-Channel
Ha Man-Yeong,Kim Cheol-Hwan,Jung Yong-Won,Heo Seong-Geun The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2006 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.20 No.6
We carried out numerical studies to investigate the single- and two-phase flow characteristics in the single- and multi-channels. We used the finite volume method to solve the mass and momentum conservation equations. The volume of fluid model is used to predict the two-phase flow in the channel. We obtained the distribution of velocity fields, pressure drop and air volume fraction for different water mass flow rates. We also calculated the distribution of mass flow rates in the multi-channels to understand how the flow is distributed in the channels. The calculated results for the single- and two-phase flow are partly compared with the present experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively, showing relatively good agreement between them. The numerical scheme used in this study predicts well the characteristics of single-and two-phase flow in a multi-channel.
임상 : 전방 두개저부 병변에 대한 두개 안면 접근법; 합병증
김근식 ( Geun Sik Kim ),김승민 ( Seong Min Kim ),정승영 ( Seung Young Chung ),정성삼 ( Sung Sam Jeong ),박문선 ( Moon Sun Park ),하호균 ( Ho Gyun Ha ),김한규 ( Han Kyu Kim ) 대한뇌종양학회 2005 대한뇌종양학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Objective£ºThe purpose of this study is to describe the commom complications of craniofacial approaches to lesion on anterior skull base and some technical refinements to prevent the complications. Methods£ºAuthors reviewed medical records and radiological findings of 21 operations(including 2 reoperations) of 19 patients having anterior skull base tumors treated by craniofacial approaches from 1998 to 2004 . Results£ºTwenty-one operations showed several complications. Those were cerebrospinal fluid leakage(3), meningitis(1), anosmia(3), epidural hematoma(1), pneumocephalus(1). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage was treated by lumbar drainage. Meningitis was treated by lumbar drainage and appropriate antibiotics. Epidural hematoma and pneumocephalus were resolved spontaneously. The complication of transfrontal and transnasomaxillary approach was none. The complications of transfrontal nasal approach were anosmia(1) and epidural hematoma(1). Cerebrospinal fluid leakage(3), meningitis(1), anosmia(2), and pneumocephalus(1) arose in the transfrontal nasal-orbital approach. Conclusion£ºMotality and morbidity of craniofacial approach is relative low. Water-tight duroplasty, strong reconstrucion of anterior skull base and lumbar drainage are important for prevention of cerebrospinal leakage. We think that the lesion of anterior skull base is safely performed by appropriate craniofacial approach and reconstruction.
이성훈 ( Seong Hun Lee ),김태오 ( Tae Oh Kim ),황상연 ( Sang Youn Hwang ),류동엽 ( Dong Yup Ryu ),이동현 ( Dong Hyun Lee ),박원일 ( Won Il Park ),김광하 ( Gwang Ha Kim ),허정 ( Jeong Heo ),강대환 ( Dae Hwan Kang ),송근암 ( Geun A 대한소화기학회 2006 대한소화기학회지 Vol.48 No.3
Rectal schwannoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor originating from Schwann`s cell. We experienced a 61-year-old female patient who complained of blood tinged and narrow calibered stool for several years, and found a 4 cm sized submucosal tumor with a central ulcer on the rectal wall during colonoscopy. She underwent transanal excision. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of fasciculating bundles of spindle cells with benign nuclear atypia and peripheral lymphoid cell cuffing. Tumor cells showed a diffuse strong immunoreactivity to S-100 protein, but not stain for CD 34, desmin and smooth muscle actin. This is the first case report of rectal schwannoma in Korea. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2006;48:195-199)