1930年代 文學社會學的 背景硏究

申相星 龍仁大學校 1987 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The 1930's in the history of Korean modern literature have been recognized as a particular period with various problems and issues. The 1930's, under the Japanese ruling had also been characterized as a time of tidal changes both politically and socially. To get closer to the literature of that time, it would be helpful to understand how a particular group of writers with intellect could survive One of the reasons of this is that most of the writers and their works that explain the actual social environment of the Age of Subordination had sprouted during the 1930's. Some of the writers of this period who are concerned most frequently by many experts of history of literature and critics, are Yhum Sang- Shup, Chae Man- Shik, and Kim Nam-chun. It is interesting to know that their masterpieces, like "Sam Dae' which means three generations," Tae pyung Chun Ha' which means peaceful arid prosperous society, and "Dae Ha" which means great stream all had published in the 1930's, The primary incentives that greatly influenced doing these great works came mostly from the unique social demand of that time. First, the social background of that period should be accounted. The 1930's had produced many big social changes, including the problem of subordination in Korea, on all parts of the world, The several examples of these are the success of the communist revolution in Russia at the end of World War II, the establishment of German Nazi government in 1933, and the birth of Fascism followed in Italy. Around this time, Fascist's dictatorship prevailed all over the European countries ; Mao Tse-Tung had formed the Chinese- Soviet Democratic Government in 1931, and the Japanese military fascists had provoked the Man Choorean Invasion during the same year. This inhumane fascism, which pervaded in most parts of the world including Asia, had directly influenced Japan to make Korea her battle- ground and totally destructed her. Most of the writers with intellect who had to protect their country, and people had shown two kinds of extremes, One of them was holding their hands with Japanese power, and the other was against her dictatorship and gladly taking a risk of imprisonment, and their morality towards society was judged according to their choice. Not many writers could survive form the unusual pressures by Japan, and one of them was Yhum Sang- Shup, Other writers in this category include Chae Man-Shik, and Kim Nam-Chun. Some of the big social issues of this period were: 1. The Japanese Headquarters in Korean Penninsular organized special senior task forces in the military police troops, and senior task frocks in civil service police unit. 2. Most portions of Korean daily language had forcibly been replaced by Japanese. 3. Functions of Cho Shun Bank and the Dong Yang Development Inc, were strengthened. 4. Some of the journals such as " Dong Ah" and "Cho Shun" were stopped to be pulished. Second the historical background from which literature had brew developed is another point to be reviewed. Japan had put more pressure to make Korean culture and literature powerless because national spirit and desire for innovation could be added by these two domains. The transitions in literature of this period can be described in two mainstreams, One was growing of escapism from the resistance movement by Korean literature such as the popular novels by Lee Kwang-Soo, the artistic novels by Kim Dong-Ihn and the historical novels by Hong Myung-Hyee, and the other trend was facing the real situation with pure Korean literary spirits, like Yhum Sang-Shup, Chae Man-Shik, and Kim Nam-Chun, are also recognized as this type of writers at least until the end of 1930's. Some of the delicate situations existing in literature of these years were: 1. The periodicals such as "Shin Dong Ah", "Cho Kwang", and many others were not only published frequently but also prohibited to be prined. 2. A study of national heritage through Korean language, Kook Woh, and Korean history Kook Sha continued under the Japanese dictatorship, arid some examples of this trend are the publications of "Korean Language for Secondary Schools", and " Ancient History of Korea." 3. While a movement to trace the origines of nationals tradition were actively under way, like Cho Shun Song Study Studio, Korean Folk Society, many cultural and writing groups including some literary groups favoring Japan such as Cho Shun Writers Association were repeatedly organized and vanished. 4. people's resistan movement was heightened by many socio-religious groups such as Kwang Joo Students Riot, the secret Nazi party, and Chun Dho Doctrine Spiritual League. 5. Along with the disorganizatin of the ideological conflicts between the writers group had steadily been growing. Particularly, the disorganization of "Shin Ghan Hwe" was one of the evidences explaining the painful experience of the country. It is interesting that a philosophical standings of the writers in this era, such as Yhum Sang-Shup, Chae Man-Shik, and Kim, Nam-Chun, had some similarities in their personal history and motives. Their personal view on the unique situation that they had to confront can be outlined as follows. 1. As far as their chronological age that time was concerned, Hweng Bho was in his early 30's, Baek Rueng was in mid 20's, and Nam Chum was in late teen's. It means that the age differences between Hweng Bho and Nam Chun had reached almost double figures, and that fact is very important because the personal age level of a writer could srongly inluence his works in some respects. 2. Many works also show the different provinical characteristics, because of the different birth place of each writer , as Seoul, Chun Bhuk Province, and Phyung Bhuk Province, By this reason, if we scrutinize their works, a gerneral understanding about the entire Korean penninsular could be drawn 3. Other facts in common to them are; that they had studied in Japan and withdrawn around the first yeas of their study, their major occupation were journalism such as periodical publications, and have had financial difficulties, Another thing is except Hweng Bho, the other two had remarried. Summing up, a literary and sociological approach and interpretation which was attempted through this paper to trace the major backgrounds of literature in the 1930's which fits to one-10 year interval, to find out how the three writers had survived through the hard times, and to excerpt their previous living experiences and analyze their major works in the same period, could be vital in understanding their literary works more closely.

傷寒論에 대한 精神醫學的 硏究

文相泰,辛容玹,具炳壽 대한한방신경정신과학회 2000 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was aimed to get the course which is caused by Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Sang-Han. Therefore this study is based on 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門.傷寒』) classfied mainly by symptoms. The results were summerized as follows: 1. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』) are explained as Pal-Gang(八綱), which shows those are settled down to a systematic oriental medical theory. 2. Pal-Bup (八法) used in the cure of symptomatische psychose in 『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門. 傷寒』), which is intended to boost the effect of cure, choosing the respondent cure method about various causes. 3. Pal-Gang(八綱) and Pal-Bup(八法) in『Euhak-Ipmun. Sang-Han』(『醫學入門·傷寒』) are improved by Lee-Chun(李 ) who added Jang-gi(張機)'s Sang Han theory and new medical thought in the ages of Geum. Won. 4. Lee-Chun(李 ) believed that Neuropsychiatric symptoms which appeared in Sang Hang is caused by the "Unbalance(不平)". So he wanted to reach harmony of "Jeong(精), QI(氣), Shin(神), Hyul(血)" after improving the status of "Unbalance(『不平』)" toward the status of "Balance(平)".

이상화 문학에 나타난 시적 상상력의 근원 연구

유신지 ( Yu Shin-ji ),여상임 ( Yeo Sang-im ) 한국문학언어학회(구 경북어문학회) 2017 어문론총 Vol.74 No.-

이상화문학에 대한 논의는 이상화 당대는 물론, 1960년대부터 지금까지 상당히 구체적으로 진행되었다. 주로 상징주의나 낭만주의와 같은 문예사조적인 경향이나 저항시인이라는 민족주의적인 관점에서 연구가 많이 진행되었다. 그러나 이러한 관점에서는 이상화 문학 전반에서 드러나는 동양적이고 전통적인 사유를 다 해명하는 데는 한계가 있었다. 이상화문학과 그의 사상의 근저에는 동학이나 천도교적인 사상의 근간을 이루는 내재적 초월의 사유가 자리하고 있다. 내재적 초월의 사유는 이상화 문학의 곳곳에서 다양한 모습으로 드러나고 있다. 본고에서는 이상화의 시적 상상력의 근원이 이러한 내재적 초월의 사유로 파악될 수 있다고 보고, 전통시학의 관점, 특히 기층철학을 토대로 이상화의 문학 텍스트를 분석해보고자 했다. 특히 이상화의 전기적 사실들을 살펴보면, 그의 사상과 사유가 형성되는 중요한 시기인 십대와 이십대 전반에 걸쳐서 천도교적인 색채가 짙은 인물들과 깊은 교류를 맺었고 그와 관련된 활동들을 했다는 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 그가 제시하는 문학론이나 시작품들에서도 그러한 사유들이 드러나는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이상화의 문학평론이나 시에서는 우리 고유의 민속 신앙인 샤머니즘과 이를 계승한 동학사상의 색채가 드러난다. 그의 시작품들에서도 특징적인 것이 ‘하늘’,‘신령’, ‘검’, ‘동굴’ 등과 같은 시어들이 빈번히 쓰이고 있는데, 이러한 시어들은 이상화 텍스트 전반에서 관찰되는 ‘내재적 초월’의 사유들을 드러내는 것으로 쓰이고 있는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 양상은 기존의 논의에서 채 규명되지 못한 부분들로, 동양적이고 전통적인 사유의 지평 안에서만 비로소 설명이 되는 부분이기도 하다. 이러한 논의는 이상화가 1920년대 시단의 다양한 흐름 속에서도 그 시류에 휩쓸리지 않고, 우리의 자생적인 사상이라 할 수 있는 전통철학의 토대 위에 그 나름의 시세계를 구축하였음을 확인할 수 있게 해주며, 나아가 이상화 문학을 바라보는 새로운 해석의 지평을 넓혀볼 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Untill now, the study on Lee Sang-hwa’s literature has been done very widely. Most rearchess have been done in the point of view of symbolism, romanticism, or nationalism. But, through these views, we couldn't find the basic thoughts of his Literature. There are immanent transcendence in the origin of his Literature and his own ideas. Therefor, at this thesis, we found that the origin of poetic imagination in Lee Sang-hwa’s literature is based on the oriental and traditional thoughts. Especially, when we searched Lee Sang-hwa’s biography, we found that he was related to the people who had Chondo-kyo belief. Such thoughts appeared his literary theory or in his prototypes. His literary criticism and poetry reveal the color of Korean folk faith, Shamanism and Donghak's succession. In his poetry text, the words such as 'heaven', 'spirit', 'sword' and 'cave' are frequently used. And these words are used to reveal the aspects of 'Immanent transcendence' observed wholy. This aspect can not be clarified in the existing discourse and is only explained within the horizon of the traditional thoughts. This study enables us to confirm that Lee-Sanghwa has built his own poetry system on the basis of traditional philosophy which is not influenced by the currents in the various ideal flows of the 1920s. In addition, it has a significance in that it can broaden the horizon of the new interpretation in reading the Lee-Sanghwa’s literature.

실용음악 전공 학생들의 발성치료 전후 성대 및 음성 특성 비교

황연신,심미란,김철준,최용석,김상연,최찬호,선동일,Hwang, Yeon Shin,Shim, Mi Ran,Kim, Chul Jun,Choi, Yong Suk,Kim, Sang Yeon,Choi, Chan Ho,Sun, Dong Il 대한후두음성언어의학회 2016 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives : Many students major in applied music singing have various difficulties in phonation when they sing or perform. But the studies about this cause are lack. The purpose of this study is whether singing voice therapy based on vocal music is effective or not to applied music singing students that have difficulties in phonation. Materials and Methods : Singing voice therapy program had been done to 8 students major in applied music singing during 7 weeks. We did laryngeal stroboscope, perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic examination before and after singing voice therapy to this students. And we studied post examination results have differences or improvements compared to pre examination results. Results : Four male students don't have effective improvement after singing voice therapy but they shows slight improvement in aerodynamic examination values compared to pre examination values. Four female students shows improvement in aerodynamic examination values and pitch range increasing. Above all, one student's vocal nodules disappeared after singing voice therapy. Conclusion : Singing voice therapy based on music singing is very effective to the students major in applied music singing. Above all, their curriculum in applied music singing should include phonation training based on music singing before training perform and technic practices.

한국의 저항문학 연구(Ⅱ) : 염상섭의 경우 In the case of Yum Sang-Sup

申相星 龍仁大學校 1991 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

The study found that resistance literature had influenced the Korean writhers in the following ways. First, it should be well remembered that the above three writers had attempted to plot family history novels which was very unusual and innovative. Because of dialectic nature extracted from the histroical relationships between family and society, the area of family history novel could be classified under the name of aesthetic genre. With keep this in mind, the three writers who were among the several top elites had vigorously invloved in writings after their returning to Korea, although they could not complete their study in Japan. It is suggested that a certain type of genre was in great need, through which they could deal with social and human problems as well. Second, the true nature of nationalism that the three waiters had been inclined to, was basically the same. Yum Sang-Sup, whose personal philosophy was based on Confucionism, had stuck to patriotic nationalism. In later time, with this philosophic orientation, he had lived for 9 years without any writing. Chae Mahn-Sik who adhered to new socialism, had insisted that the minorities such as laborers, or farmers, should fully be protected, rather than attempting social reform, which could be limited socialism. The bitter satirical characteristics came right from this personality. Kim Hyo-Sik had held a view of realistic socialism. He, as one of the top elites, was a leading theorist among the radical young group, and very active for national independence movement. However, his unique philosophical way of life rooted in freedom and equal right had led him to elimination from the political party after his migration to North Korea, and the versatility in his writing had fimally reached to the revision theory of roman based on custom and tradition. Third, through an analysis of personalities of leading characters in their novels, it was found that the viciousness showed by the characters could be motivated through the theory of "indirect phenomenon" which was developed by L. Girad. Fourth, the plotting of family history novels should be developed from historical interpretations both of family and society. Transitional characteristics are very important in family history novels, and the catagorization of their major words was made for that purpose, based on T. Todorof priority motivation concepts. In the case of 〈Sam Dae〉, the sroty was constructed under three sequential bitterness ; returning home-leaving country-returning home, which proportionated through spring and winter. On the other hand, 〈Tae Pyung Chun Hah〉was similar to masque or 'pansori playlng' type of drama, that was shortened 50 years of story into 1 full day. The story of 〈Dae Hah〉was also compacted 1 month of time elements into 1 day, which was 'Tano Festival', and this attempt could be one of the examples of showing his emphasis on custom and tradition. In considering this, 〈Dae Hah〉was one part of work, but has real chronological characteristics. Fifth, from these facts, it is very clear that Yum Sang-Sup had adapted both conservative nationalism and realism, Chae Mahn-Sik had showed both a great deal of satirism and critical realism, and Kim Hyo-Sik had employed both new socialism and realism based on custom and tradition. It was concluded that family history novels could be extended to be classified as long story novel. At the same time, it is also clear that their works had some kind of aesthetic nature as resistant literature. 〈Pook Chan Dho〉in 1960s, 〈Toggi〉in 70s, and 〈Tae Baek San Mack〉in 80s, were the leading family history novels, and they were the main sources through which aesthetic elements of family history novel could be obtained. Other remaining issues for further study are : (1) catagorizing and evaluation of new family history novels during entire period of Japanese oppression which would be before and after 130s, (2) chronological classification of family history novels after Koean Independence, (3) further research to formulate pure Korean family history novels that covering up the whole period of before and after the Independence.

Effects of detraining on motor unit potential area, muscle function and physical performance based on CNTF gene polymorphism

( Sang Min Hong ),( Ae Rim Hong ),( Yun A Shin ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Sang Min Hong, Ae Rim Hong and Yun A Shin. Effects of detraining on motor unit potential area, muscle function and physicalperformance based on CNTF gene polymorphism. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.151-160, 2014 [Purpose] The purpose of this studywas to identify the effect of detraining on motor unit potential area (SMUP), muscular function and physical performance, accordingto CNTF gene polymorphism. [Methods] For this study, GG (normal homozygote, n = 8) group and GA + AA (mutation heterozygoteand homozygote, n = 10) group were divided by CNTF gene polymorphism and both groups were performed detraining for 4weeks. The data was analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA for verifying the differences between two groups andinteraction using SPSS(ver. 20.0) statistical program. [Results] The results were as follows. First, changes in body compositionwere measured but there was no significant interaction effect between time and group. Seconds, changes in SMUP were measuredby SEMG. Interaction effect between time and group was found lateral vastus during isokinetic exercise of 180°/sec (p<.05). Third, changes in isokinetic muscle strength of 60°/sec and 180°/sec were measured but there was no significant interaction effect. Fourth, significant statistical differences were not showed changes of sports performance after detraining. [Conclusion] In conclusion, there were no significantly differences between GG and GA + AA group after detraining, therefore, further study will be considereda matter in various its interventions such as serum levels of CNTF and changes in receptors and muscle fiber types. [Keyword]detraining, motor unit potential area, muscular function, physical fitness, CNTF gene polymorphism

한국인 환자에서 Vancomycin의 집단약동학 (Population Pharmacokinetics)에 관한 연구

유경상,배균섭,이주연,조주연,장인진,신상구,신완균 大韓臨床藥理學會 1998 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

혈액 종양환자에서 Tobramycin의 임상약동학

신재국,신완균,장인진,신상구,김성민,배현주,최강원,김진규 대한화학요법학회 1990 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.8 No.1

항암화학요법을 받고 있던 중 감염으로 tobramycin을 투여받은 36명의 혈액종양 환자에서 tobramycin의 약동학적 특성을 비종양환자군에서의 population 값과 비교 검토하였다. 이들은 모두 정상 신기능을 가진 16세 이상의 성인남녀(21:15)백혈병 환자들이었다. 36명의 혈액종양 환자에서 산출된 tobramycin의 청소율 및 체내분포용적은 각각 120.3± 27.2ml/lg/hr 및 0.386± 0.11 L/㎏로 population 추정 치보다 유의하게 큰 값을 보였다.(P. <0.05).청소율과 체내분포용적을 해당 population 추정치로 나눈 비율치(ratio)의 평균값은 각각 1.47± 0.34 및 1.20± 0.34였다. 연령, hematocrit치, 혈청albumin치, 발열 및 항암화학요법기간과 tobramycin의 청소율 및 체내분포용적 사이에 유의한 상관관계는 발견할 수 없었다. 본 연구결과 혈액종양 환자에서 tobramycin 투여시는 적정혈장농도를 유지하기 위해 일반 환자군에 비해 용량의 증가 및 투여간격의 조정이 필요하며 지속적인 혈장농도 monitoring을 통하여 용법의 재적정화가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. The pharmacokinetics of tobramycin were evaluated in 36 hematologic malignancy patients undergoing anticancer chemotherapy and compared to the expected values from the population parameters. Total body clearance(mean : 12.3±27.2㎖/㎏/hr) and volume of distribution (mean : 0.386±0.11 L/㎏) in hematologic malignancy patients with normal renal function were significantly greater than those of estimated from population parameter distribution(P<0.05). The ratios of total body clearance and volume of distribution to the population estimates were 1.44±0.37 and 1.20±.034, respectively. No relationships were found between age, hematocrit, serum albumin, fever or duration of anticancer chemotherapy and pharmacokinetic parameters. It is suggested that the increment of tobramycin dose regimen wold be considered in patients with hematologic malignancy, and dose readjustment followed by close monitoring of plasma drug concentration would be required.

李 箱 文 學 論 : 作品에 投影된 精神分析學的 要因을 中心으로 Psychoanalytical elements projected in his works

申尙澈 東亞大學校 國語國文學科 1978 국어국문학 Vol.2 No.-

In the paper, the writer surveyed the psychoanalytical aspect of I-Sang's works that has sur-realism, neo-psychological character based on many materials and researches by pathological method related to consciousness. The aspects projected in his poetries are as follows : First, the position of 'I' in his poetry and 'I'(ego) at the disruption of self in over-self consciousness is on the mirror. The atmosphere swirling in the poetry is dark and unrest. I-Sang's esprit is in the emancipation of 'Be in prison' with dismal faces and 'another different myself'. Second, the outstanding phase in I-Sang's poetry, sexual amusement is expressed in terrific style for instance, the sword of 'submersion', the farrel of 'muzzel of the gun' and the chocolate of 'the confession of unreasonable woman' and 'angels of performance' are the metaphorical penis. Third, the other feature found in his poetry is impetus for suicide. Though 'the canvass of suicide' is shown in his 'poetry' No 15' and 'subject that has no title', he provides suicide to the extent of 'I insert autographical obituary in my autobiobraphy on the day' in his poetry '1933. 6 . 1' The aspects which has psychoanalytical elements in his prose are as follows : Firstly, the point is that he deals with the thing beyond common sense and unconscious world rather than his literary world, daily lives, or conscious world. By examining the expression of his 'when the finger is taken prisoner of self-consciousness' or 'the secret of the last moment stretching oneself on the summit of self-corsciousness' in his first person fiction, 'all his life' , we realize that his fictions are based on his experiences, and depict the world of self-consciousness. Secondly, the heroes in his fictions, for the most part, are autism patients with their backs towards reality squeezed into themselves. The pulling over coverlet in the dark room without any outside negotiation is 'my' life in 'wings' and 'genius turned into stuffing'. All characters in the 'I' of 'Tonghae', 'he' of 'spiders' and 'I' in his essay 'Languor' are the same types. Thirdly, the other aspect searched out in his fictions is that sexual amusements are placed all over the works as in poems. The putting memorial stamp on the fiction 'bobbed hair' that means his importent erotic mind is the metaphor of sexual intercourse. This sexual amusement is expressed more metaphorically in 'spiders'. Fourth, another aspect in I-Sang's fiction in impulse of suicide as in his poetry. The last subdivision of 'TongHae' menas the thinking of suicide looking at the comedy(the man replacing his shose with another) the impulse of suicide like this is traced in 'Lost Flowers' 'Illusions' and his essay, 'The rest emotion of a village).

뇌경색 환자의 혈중 호모시스틴치 (예비 연구)

정두신,송인욱,조상걸,성기범,박형국,신현길,장성근 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1