실험적 진폐증에서 투여약제에 따른 면역학적 병리학적 조직변화

윤임중,임현우,노영만,오상용,정장영,임영,김경아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1993 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.32 No.2

To access the effects of some drugs such as piperazine phosphare, azathioprine and allopurinol in the experimental pneumoconiosis, 263 rats weighted 240-320 gm was divided into the control and eight experimental groups. To each group, the turbid solution mixed free silica, talc and natural coal dust of 50 mg in 0.8 ml saline were instilled intratracheally. At the begining and 5th week of experiment, piperazine phosphate(8mg/week orally), aspirin(1.5mg/day intramuscularly), azathioprine(25mg/day orally) and allopurinol(1.5mg/day orally) were administered simultaneously, while the dust turbid solution was only given to the control group. For each group the change of body weight. dry right lung weight, cellularity including total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte and neurtrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, superoxide ion, hydroxyproline, leukotriene B₄, tumor necrotsis factor, prostaglandin E₂were examined, and observed the pathological chages in lung tissue. The results were as follow : 1. The larger amount of their instilled dust and the longer observation period, the severer pathological findings were found in the lung tissue of each experimental group. 2. The body and dry right lung wight was not significantly changed in the experimental groups compared with the control group. 3. The number of total cell in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly less in the experimental group than the control one, while no significant difference was found in the percent alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in both groups. However, the percent of neutrophiles was usually lower than in the control group. 4. The amount of superoxide ion was frequently less in the experimental group compared with the control one. 5. The amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control one. 6. The amount of leukotriene B₄was usually less in the drug administered group than in the control one. 7. The amount of tumor necrotic factor was also frequently lower in each experimental group than in the control one. 8. The amount of prostaglandin E₂was usually higher in each experimental group than in the control one.

일부 세탁소의 유기용제 관리실태 및 공기중 노출농도에 관한 조사

노영만,권기범,박승현,정지연 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was conducted to identify the current status of occupational safety and health by checklist and to evaluate the airborne exposure to chemicals and to provide the appropriate recommendation for safety and health of laundries. A total of 20 laundries located in the Gyungi district area were surveyed from July 20 to September 15, 2000. The prevalence of laundries having a stove and gas range were found to be 25 % and 55 %, respectively. Smoking is not allowed in 60 % of the laundries. Only 10 % of dry-cleaners were isolated. Ventilation system in laundries had not been annually inspected. Most of the workers didn't put on respirators, MSDS were not available, and storage bottles did not contain warning labels. The bulk samples of dry cleaning agent include many chemicals that are not controlled by the MOL in Korea. The detected airborne organic solvents in the laundries were benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, perchloroethylene, and 2-butoxy ethanol. The airborne concentrations of organic solvents were much less than the occupational exposure limits proposed by the Ministry of Labor(MOL) in Korea. But the concentrations of benzene exceeded the TLV of ACGIH. This study showed that the current status of occupational safety and health was not appropriate for workers in laundries. It is recommended that laundry workers should be educated for the treatment and storage of hazardous organic solvents to improve the occupational safety and health of the working environment as well as MSDS usage. Also, extended research and survey for the organic solvents that are not controlled by the MOL has to be conducted.

PIV의 수리학 분야에의 적용

윤병만,유권규,노영신 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

This paper introduces PIV technique which can be used for velocity measurement in hydraulic engineering field. Some examples are presented : measurement of surface velocity using LSPIV ; measurement of flow characteristics and fall-velocity measurement using PTV. Results show that PIV can be applied widely to hydraulic engineering measurements, not only in the laboratory but also in the field.

WASP5를 이용한 신갈저수지 하수종말 처리장 가동시의 부영양화 및 수질변화 예측

윤병만,노영신 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

As the amount of sewage is increased around Gi-heung, it is recommended to construct the terminal disposal plant of sewage in Singal reservoir. In this study, therefore, the effect of terminal disposal plant of sewage in Singal reservoir is estimated and predicted by using numerical model WASP5 which is useful for water quality simulation of river, lake and reservoir. The results reveal that the organic matter will be decreased when the plant is operated at the reservoir. However, the operation of disposal plant does not have significant effect on nutrient and therefore, the eutrophication is still expected in spite of the disposal plant construction.

타워식 자동 공구 교환장치의 성능 평가

이춘만,노영화,박동근 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

This study is concerned about the development and performance evaluation of a tower type ATC(Automatic Tool Changer). Recently, many studies have been undergoing to reduce working time in field of machine center. Tower type ATC have been developed to reduce the stand-by time by shortening tool exchanging time. The developed system can store more number of tools in small space. In order to evaluate the performance of tower type ATC, feeding speed and noise are measured by a laser interferometer and a noise level meter.

주물사업장에서 발생하는 호흡성분진의 농도 및 석영함유량에 관한 연구

박용선,노영만,김현욱,한진구,안연순,강성규,김정만 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to measure and evaluate the concentration of respirable dust and quartz content at molding and shakeout process in the foundry. The 129 samples in 30 foundries were collected using 10mm Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone and analysed for quartz concent by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The average quartz concentrations in the respirable dust was 0.0273mg/㎡ and ranged from 0.0007 to 0.3757mg/㎥. The average quartz concentrations of shakeout process wsa significantly higher than that of molding in the foundry. The average of respirable dust in foundry 102129mg/㎡ and ranged from 0.1524 to 7.0428mg/㎥. But there is no significant difference between molding and shakeout processes. The average contents of quartz for OEL-MOL was 2025% and ranged from 0.05 to 32.79% The non-compliance rates for quartz were 22.96% in Korea-OEL and 34.01% in ACGIH-TLV and NIOSH-REL, and 35.03% in OSHA-PEL. The airbome dust in the foundry was effectively controlled when local exhaust ventilation and/or wetting system were operated. The result of this study therefore showed that the engineering controls and periodic environmental suveillance in foundry will be very important for preventing the health effects of workers exposed to quartz.

조선업 도장작업자의 유사노출군과 노출변이; 크실렌 노출을 중심으로

고상백,노영만,임현우,신용철,김수근,최홍열,김재용,장성훈 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : 조선업 도장 작업자의 크실렌 노출을 평가하기 위하여, 수행직무 및 밀폐특성에 따라 유사노출군으로 구분하여 노출 변이 및 동질성을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법 : 3회 이상 반복측정이 이루어진 근로자 중동일공정에서 직무상 변동이 없는 근로자 총 28명을 대상으로 하였다. 노출농도 값을 대수전환(lOgtransformation)하여 근로자간, 근로자내 노출 분산요소을 추정하기 위하여, nested randomeffects ANOVA model을 활용하였다. 선정된 유사노출군 내 구성원의 측정 평균이 동일하다고 할수 있는지를 검정하기 위하여 분산요인(9f)을 산출하였고, 쿨즈0.031일 경우 동일하다고 생각하였다.또한 노출 값을 대수전환하여 95 %의 근로자(b-R9s)가 2배수 범위 내에 측정값을 가질 경우 동일하다고 생각하였다. bwRSS의 값을 유사노출군내의 근로자들간(between worker)의 기하표준편차(bwsy)를 구한 후 exp(3.92 bwsy)로 계산하여 산출하였고, 그 값이 2이하이면 동일하다고 생각하였다. 결과 : 일반적으로 유사노출군은 노출농도가 비슷한 것이라는 생각과는 달리, 직무에 근거한 유사노출군은 동질성 검정상 이질적이었다. 분무도장과 붓도장 모두 bwRss은 2를 초과하였고, 룰 또한 0.031를 초과하여 변이 폭이 컸다. 그러나 밀폐특성에 따른 노출 분포의 변이성은 직무만으로 구분했을 때의 변이지표 보다 그 수치가 낮아 밀폐특성으로 직무의 변이성을 설명 할 수 있었다. 결론 : 직무에 근거한 유사노출군이 동질적이지알다는 결과는 유사노출군으로 구분된 근로자의 업무특성이 하나의 유사노출군으로 설정할 수 없다는 점을 시사한다. 따라서 향후 작업환경 측정 시 직무뿐만 아니라 특정 업무(specific task) 또는 세부작업현황까지 파악할 필요성을 제시하고 있다. Objectives : This study was conducted to assess the concentration of xylene exposure and exposure variability of a similar exposure group (SEG) in accordance with job title and confined space. Method : The study subjects included 28 workers working in the painting process in the ship-building industry. Measurement of subjects were repeated three times. Within and between-worker exposure valiance components were estimated from log-transformed exposure concentrations employing a one-way nested random effects analysis of variance model. A uniformly exposed group was defined as one where the between-worker variance(σB2) was less than or equal to 0.031 or bwR95 ≤2, where bwR95 =exp(3.92 bwSy) , representing the radio of the mean exposures of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile groups of the workers sampled. Result : The results indicated that, contrary to popular belief, similar exposed groups based on job title were heterogeneous. The between-worker variance(σB2) is large(≥0.031) and the ratios of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile workers of the log normally distributed exposures of each group of worriers was more than 2. However dividing job title into confined space (in-block, out-block, in/out-block) decreased the between-worker exposure variability. Conclusion : This study focused on the quantitative aspects of exposure in painters in the ship-building industry. We cannot accept the assumption that SEG are uniformly exposed, as a major component of variation in exposure relates to differences in tacks or other factors. Therefore, the observational schemes can be improved by investigating Job-specific task and practice.

톨루엔 폭로 작업자에서 Aldehyde dehydrogenase2(ALDH2)의 유전자형과 요중 마뇨산

이강숙,노영만,박정일,허성옥 가톨릭대학 산업의학 센타 산업의학연구소 1995 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.34 No.2

This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution and the effect to urinary hippuric acid excretion according to the polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase2(ALDH2) which is major role in oxidaton of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid. For 39 workers exposed to toluene and 42 white collar workers, we extracted the DNA from venouse blood and confirmed the genotype of aldehyde dehydrogenase2 using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and artificial created restriction site method. In workers exposed to toluene, normal (NN) type were 34 (88%) and inactive(ND) type were (12%), but in white collar workers NN type were 27(65%) and ND type were 14(33%), DD type were 1(2%). It showed the significant lower rate of inactive type of ALDH2 in workers exposed to toluene than white collar workers. The results of workplace toluene measurement were below 20ppm. For urinary hippuric acid there was not significant differnce between normal and inactive type of ALDH2. It suggested that further evaluation should be conducted in high concentration of toluene exposure group.

톨루엔 노출 근로자에서 유전자적 요인, 생활습관 및 식이가 요중 마뇨산 배설에 미치는 영향

임현우,박정일,노영만,이강숙,이정민,이원철,이세훈,정치경 大韓産業醫學會 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

목 적 : 본 연구는 생물학적 지표 특성 연구를 위한 단면조사 연구로서 톨루엔 노출과 톨루엔의 생물학적 모니터링으로 이용되는 요중 마뇨산 농도간의 양-반응 관계에서 효과 변경인자로서 작용하는 유전자 ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYP2El의 다양성 분포를 조사하고, 이들 유전자가 요중 마뇨산 배설 농도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 연구대상자는 경인지역에 위치한 22개의 사업체에서 페인트 제조 72명, 제조업에서 도장작업 50명, 인쇄업 12명, 접착작업 12명, 벽지의 코팅작업 14명등 160명의 근로자이었다. 성, 연령, 유기용제 작업장 근무경력, 흡연습관, 음주습관, 검사일 이전 밤에 음주 여부, 시료 채취전 6시간 이내에 섭취한 식품조사, 측정일 개인보호구의 착용 여부에 대하여 설문조사를 시행하였다. 톨루엔에 대한 개인노출량은 passive air sampler로 측정하였고, 요중 마뇨산은 요중 크레아틴으로 보정하여 측정하였다. 또한 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) , cytochrome P45O IAI(CYPIAI), 그리고 cytochrome P45O 2El(CYPfEl)의 유전적 다양성은 혈액으로부터 백혈구의 DNA를 추출하여 제한 효소 절단 길이 다양성 (restiction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)법으로 검사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 연구대상자의 요중 마뇨산 농도의 기하평균은 0.44g/g creatinine, 기하표준편차 2.80이었다. 톨루엔 노출 농도, 개인 보호구 착용여부, 안식향산이 함유된 식품의 섭취여부중 요중 마뇨산 배설농도에 영향을 미치는 인자는 톨루엔 노출 농도뿐이었다. ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYPfEl, 연령, 흡연, 근무기간에서 회귀계수간에 차이를 보이는 경향이 있었다. 요중 마뇨산 농도에 대한 다중회귀분석에서 톨루엔, ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYP2El유전자형의 회귀계수가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결 론 : 톨루엔 노출로 인한 요중 마뇨산 배설 농도는 ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYP2El유전자 다양성에 의해 영향을 받기 때문에, 유전자형의 대사능의 차이를 고려하여 마뇨산 기준 농도를 찾는 연구가 이루어져야 하겠다. Objectives The purpose was to investigate the distributions and the effects of genetic polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2), cytochrome P45O IAI (CYPIAI), and cytochrome P45O 2El (CYPfEl) on the toluene metabolism. Methods : The subacts consisted of 160 workers who were exposed to toluene in different industries such as paint manufacturing, painting on steel and wood products, printing, bonding, and coating. The exposed toluene level was monitored by passive air sam paler, and the questionnaire variables were age, sex, smoking, drinking, previous night's drinking, use of personal protectlve equipment, work duration, and taking benzoic acid containing food. The urinary hippurric acid collected in the end of shift was corrected by urinary creatinine concentration. The genotypes of ALDH2, CYPIAI, and CYP2El were investigated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods with DNA extracted from venous blood. Results'The geometric mean and the geometric standard deviation of urinary hippuric acid concentration were 0.44 g/g creatinine and 2.80. The urinary hippuric acid concentration was significantly related to personal exposed toluene level among personal exposed toluene level, use of personal protective equipment, and benzoic acid containing food diet. The slope differences of the regression for ALDH2, CYPIAI, and CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism, age, smoking, and work duration tended to be significant. In multiple regression analysis, the regression coefficient of toluene, ALDH2, 7YPIAl, CYP2E1 genetic polymorphism were significant. Conclusions : From the above results, urinary hippuric acid level after toluene exposure was significantly affected by the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2, CYPIAI, CYPfEl. It is needed further investigation of the urinary hippuric acid level considering the effect of genetic polymorphism.

만성 요통근로자의 능동적 운동프로그램 효과

허진강,송재철,노영만,박동식,양영애,김윤신 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 만성 요통근로자의 세 가지 능동적 운동프로그램 효과에 관한 연구로서 능동적 운동이 요추의 안정성 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시도되었다. 방법: 3개월 이상 만성요통을 호소하는 64명의 근로자대상으로 무작위로 일반적인 물리치료그룹, 요추 운동그룹, 흉추 운동그룹, 세 그룹으로 나누었다. 능동적 운동 프로그램은 주 3회, 6개월 동안 실시하였으며, 통증강도, Oswestry 장애지수, 양손을 머리위로 최대한 올려 높이 측정, 요추부 경사각도를 평가하였다. 모든 대상자들은 연구 전, 연구 후 2주, 3개월, 6개월을 같은 측정방법으로 재평가하였다. 결과: 통증강도는 세 그룹 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. Oswestry 장애지수는 연구 후 6개월에서 세 그룹 간의 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 요추운동그룹과 흉추운동그룹이 일반적인 물리치료그룹에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 양손을 머리위로 최대한 올려 높이측정은 연구 후 3개월과 6개월에서 세 그룹 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 연구 후 6개월에서는 흉추운동그룹이 일반적인 물리치료그룹과 요추운동그룹에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 요추부 경사각도는 연구 후 2주와 3개월, 6개월에서 세 그룹 간에 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 연구 후 6개월에서는 흉추운동그룹이 일반적인 물리치료그룹과 요추운동그룹에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 결론: 3개월 이상 만성 요통을 호소하는 근로자 대상으로 흉추의 운동성 증가를 위한 운동프로그램을 적용하여 흉추의 운동성을 증가시킨 결과에서 보면, 2주 시행하였을 때 요추의 신전 운동프로그램 보다 요추의 안정성 향상에 효과적이며, 6개월 시행하였을 때만, 요추의 심부근 근력강화 운동프로그램보다 요추의 안정성 향상에 효과적이었다. Oswestry 장애지수는 요추의 심부근 근력강화 운동프로그램과 동일하게 감소하였고, 통증강도는 세 그룹 모두 2주 시행하였을 때 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. Objective: To examine the relative efficacy of three active exercise programs for work-related, chronic low back pain, and to observe to what extent the programs affected the mechanical stability of the lumbar region. Methods: The subjects were 64 employees who were randomly divided into three groups to match the three active exercise programs which were performed 3 times a week for 6 months. All subjects were assessed with the same measurements at a pre-study examination, and then were reassessed at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the study. Results: The pain intensity didn' t show any significant difference among the three groups. However, the Oswestry Disability Index showed significant differences among the three groups at 6 months and the lumbar and thoracic exercise groups showed significant decreases compared to the general physiotherapy group (p<0.05). Maximal stretching with both hands in the overhead direction showed a significant difference among the three groups at 3 months and 6 months, and the thoracic exercise group at 6 months showed a significant increase in overhead stretching compared to the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups (p<0.05). The lumbar region angle of inclination showed significant differences among the three groups at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months, with the thoracic exercise group being decreased significantly more than the lumbar exercise and general physiotherapy groups at 6 months (p<0.05). Conclusions: Exercise aimed at increasing thoracic mobility has an effect on lumbar stability. Furthermore, it is far more effective for lumbar stabilization than general physiotherapy and deep muscle strengthening lumbar exercise.