연구논문 : 아마로 사용실태 및 향 선호도

김장순 ( Jang Soon Kim ),이종렬 ( Jong Ryol Lee ),박천만 ( Chun Man Park ) 한국미용학회 2006 한국미용학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data for establishing a theory on aroma therapy by understanding Korean use and preference of aroma. The subjects of the study were 130 skin care specialists who worked for skin care salons and 410 general people in Daegu. The study was carried out through a questionnaire and inhalation test. The data were collected from September 1, 2003 to October 1, 2003. The result were as follows : 1. The rate of people who had experienced aroma less than 3 times was 40.5%. The rate of people who had not experienced aroma was 26.1%, who had experienced aroma massage was 33%, and who had inhaled aroma was 47.5%. The people who were older, wealthy, female, married, graduated from college were more experienced aroma(p<0.0l) and housewives in the thirties had more opportunities of experiencing aroma than other subjects. 2. General people preferred aroma Orange(66.3%) the most among 8 essential oils used in the test. The second preference was blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(26.1%). The third preference was the Lavender(25.8%). The order of preference in skin care specialists was Orange(83.3%), Lavender (48.8%), blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium and Lemon(42.9%), and blended oil with Lavender, Sandalwood, Ylangylang and Mandarin(26.2%). Both general people and skin care specialists disliked Teatree the most. 3. Lavender was more preferred by women than men (p<0.05) and Teatree was more preferred by men than women(p<0.0l). In particular, people in thirties liked Lavender the most(p<0.01). Teatree(p<0.001) and Sandalwood (p<0.05) were more preferred by married people than unmarried people. 4. The more educated people were, the more they liked the blended oil with Rosemary, Geranium, and Lemon(p<0.01). Housewives preferred Lavender(p<0.001) and Frankincense(p<0.05) and workers preferred Teatree(p<0. 001) and Sandalwood(p<0.05). As people were not healthy, they tended to prefer Teatree(p<0. 01) As people experienced essential oil, aroma massage and aroma inhalation more, they preferred Lavender and Frankincense. 5. Women`s average score was higher than men`s(women : 4.58, men: 4.18, total score: 6.0). Younger people more preferred aroma than older people(p<0.05). 6. 51.3% of specialists answered they used aroma for skin care less than one time a day, 35.7% of them used 2 or 3 times a day. 29.6% of specialists answered that the biggest difficulty in their work was the lack of knowledge of aroma. The next one was relationship with co-workers and pay(20.4%) and overwork was 13.9% 7. 37.3% of specialists had got massages 10~20 times from a skin care specialist and 31.7% of them had got massages less than 10 times. About experiencing aroma in everyday life, 42.9% of them experienced aroma 10~20 times and 28.6% of then experienced less then 10 times. 8. Generally, the more experienced people liked Lavender, Teatree, Sandalwood and Frankincense(p<0.05). 9. As a result of the survey on the specialists` preference, preferred oils were Lavender(22.4%), Rosemary (13.4%), Rose(10.1%), Jasmine(9.2%) and Orange(8.4%). Unpleasant oils were Teatree(16.0%), Yiangyiang(13.6%), Peppermint(9.9%) and Patchouli(8.6%). The specialists used Lavender the most (67.6%) in aroma therapy and used Rosemary(6.5%), Teatree(5.6%) and Peppermint(4.6%). In conclusion, the subjects` experience and knowledge of aroma were not high, and there was difference in preferences of aroma by their ages, gender, education, occupations, and experiences. However, both general people and the specialists had a difficulty in aroma use due to the lack of knowledge of aroma. So, if we apply aroma therapy to patients in consideration of their preferences, the best result will be expected. A systemic aroma education program for specialists is needed as soon as possible.

모유수유 실태에 관한 조사연구 : 경상북도성주군을 중심으로

박천만,김규종,이종렬,김혜진 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2000 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study to study and analyze the current state of infancy breast-feeding & practice and related factors and to provide basic data for the effective practice of breast-feeding and breast-feeding percentage improvement. For the object, 474 mothers of the infants who were born between Jan. 1, 1998 and Dec. 31, 1998 were selected, and the survey period & method were from Oct. 15, 1999 through Nov. 14, 1999(1 month period) and telephone interview, respectively. To examine by monthly breast-feeding type, the average breast-feeding percentage in 1 month after a child's birth was 42.4%, but after 6 month it decreased to 23.0%. To see breast-feeding percentage by academic background, the breast-feeding of elementary school graduated mothers was 33.3%, which was highest, and it decreased as the academic background of mothers went better(p〈0.01). By employment state the percentage for the mothers who were not employed was higher(24.6%) than that of those who were employed at the time, which was 8.0%(p〈0.001). There was no meaningful difference found in breast-feeding percentage by infant mothers age, delivery place, infant sex, child order in family, weight at the time of birth. To examine breast-feeding percentage by delivery method, natural delivery was 27.0% which was higher that 13.1% of Caesarean section(p〈0.01), and by breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital, 35.6% of those who have breast-fed were breast-feeding while it was 16.4% for those who never did it while in the hospital(p〈0.001) After conducting logistics multi return analysis having breast-feeding percentage as a variable at the time of 6 months after babys birth, I found that infant mothers employment state, delivery method, and brest-feeding experience before leaving the hospital become meaningful variables. As unemployed mothers(p〈0.05), as chose natural delivery(p〈0.05), as experienced breast-feeding before leaving the hospital(p〈0.001), there was more tendency to do breast-feeding. Summing the above results, I would like to suggest the following to raise breast-feeding percentage. Firstly, systematic education about the importance and advantages of breast-feeding and correct breast-feeding method should be practised for women. Secondly, vacation before and after childbirth for working women should be practised and the support of systems for working womens breast-feeding such as installation of nursery in work place are needed. Thirdly, continuous publicity and education for natural delivery inducement is necessary, and for the ones who chose Caesarean section, recommendation of breast-feeding is also needed. Fourth, for breast-feeding within fastest time after delivery, rooming-in required and legal and systematic support is also needed. Lastly, in the governmental level, publicity for breast-feeding and breast-feeding recommending programs that promotes 10 rules for successful breast-feeding bringing-up, provided by UNISEF and WHO, are to be provided.

N値에 따른 地盤評價에 關한 硏究

박은규,류제천,김송만,박춘수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.17 No.1

In this paper, parameters of soil which are estimated with N-value and the results from laboratory test with the sample in construntion field are compared and analyzed. As a result, modification methods caused by existed weight is nearly same with the Equation of Liao & Whitman. Under same existed weight, the difference of N'/N is 0.9~2.1 in the Equation of Peck & Bazzaraa and Gibbs & Holtz. The Equation of O-Ja-Ki (&?'§) is more accurate with average value than any other equations in estimating a angle of internal friction of sand. The result of laboratory test is similar to the Equation of terzaghi & Peck. When unconfined compression strength of clay is estimated, the equation, q_(u) ≒ N/0.722, may represent many suggested equations. Standard Penetration Test is one of the most popular method to estimate parameters of soil because of its simplicity. Correlation between N-value and parameters of soil has been studied by many people but the absurd is still remain and we can face it on the construction field. Therefore field investigation and understanding about N-value are required when engineers estimate parameters of soil with N-value. There should be more study to get high accuracy of N-value and trustable parameters of soil.

강진만에서 미생물의 년 변화

박종천,오재영,정용욱,주현수,이원교,유춘만,이우범 國立 麗水大學校 환경문제硏究所 2001 環境硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.-

The biological surveys were performed at seven sites in the Gangjin bay from February, 1998 to November, 2001. In order to analysis of environmental variation, numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, general fungus and fecal coliforms were enumerated in each sample. The result showed that variation range of heterotrophic bacteria, general fungus, and fecal coliforms were 2.9 x 10^(3)~9.6 x 10^(3) CFU/ml, 17.2~80.1 CFU/ml, and 6.3~682.5 CFU/100ml for four tears(1988~2001), respectively. Density of heterotrophic bacteria and general fungus were gradually decreased for four tours, while fecal coliforms were suddenly increased. Specially, numbers of fecal colifoms were increased the more 100 times in 2001 than that 1998. We think that it was probably caused a little rainfall in February, 2001. There result suggests that ecosystem of Gangjin bay were mainly regulated by 2~3 factors, which were inflow of fresh water, salinity and variation of water temperature.

Morphine의 血糖 및 血奬 Corticosterone 增加作用에 미치는 Naloxone과 Dexamethasone의 影響

朴靑山,全普權,申萬鍊 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

There are still considerable debates as to the similarity of opioid receptor and ACTH receptor and the interrelationships between opioid peptides and ACTH in the adrenal sterolidogenesis. To evaluate the interrelationships between opioid peptides and ACTH in the adrenal steroidogenesis and the role of the catecholamines liberated by opioid substances in the above interrelationships, the influences of naloxone and dexamethasone on the changes induced by morphine and ACTH of plasma corticosterone and blood sugar levels and the interactions between morphine and ACTH on those levels were studied in male mice. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The normal plasma corricoscerone was not affected by dexamethasone 5mg/Kg, but markedly increased by morphine 20mg/Kg, naloxone 4mg/Kg, and ACTH 10U/Kg, respectively. 2. The morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was markedly inhibited by the pre- or post-treatment of naloxone and dexamethasone, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of each of naloxone and dexamethasone was appeared synergistically. 3. The ACTH-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was moderately inhibited by naloxone pretreatment but not affected by naloxone posttreatment and pre- or post- treatment of dexamethasone, and the inhibitory effect of naloxone was significantly attenuated by dexamethasone. 4. The ACTH-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level was significantly augmented by morphine pretreatment, and the augmented increase of the level was not affected by naloxone, but the increase induced by ACTH followed by morphine of plasma corticosterone level was significantly inhibited by naloxone. 5. The normal blood sugar level was not affected by ACTH 10U/Kg, but markedly increased by morphine 20mg/Kg, naloxone 4mg/Kg and dexamethasone 5mg/Kg, respectively. 6. The morphine-induced increase of blood sugar level was significantly attenuated by each of naloxone and dexamethasone, but not affected by the combined treatment of naloxone and dexamethasone. The above results suggest that the morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level is appeared mainly by its stimulation of hypothalamo-pituitary system and also partly by its interaction with ACTH on the adrenal cortex, that the morphine-induced increases of plasma corticosterone and blood sugar are significanly attenuated by dexamethasone as well as naloxone, and also that it is difficult that the catecholamine liberated by morphine appears a meaningful effect on the morphine-induced increase of plasma corticosterone level.

골수이식 후 발생한 출혈성 방광염 환자에서 Polyomavirus의 검출 양상

박민정,강희정,신동훈,이규만,이동건,최정현,김춘추 대한임상병리학회 2000 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.20 No.6

아므르불가사리 (Asterias amurensis)의 배우자를 이용한 남해해역 연안해수의 생물학적 수질평가

유춘만,박지인,조기안,주현수,박종천,나명석 한국환경과학회 1999 한국환경과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This study was carried out to evaluate off-shore water quality and to draw marine pollution map to Southern sea in Korea by bioassay using gametes and early development system of Asterias amurensis. From the bioassay, it was determined that the water qualites of Southern sea maintained the grade Ⅱ, because development of A. amurensis were moderately inhibited. However, Sunchon, Kwangyang, and Jinhae Bay belonged to grade Ⅲ, because development of A. amurensis were strongly inhibited. This could be due to the inflows of several river systems and poor water circulation. The water quality at Yosu island was the grade I, because A. amurensis were not inhibited in its early development.

흙막이 土留壁의 水平變位 特性에 關한 硏究

김송만,류제천,박춘수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.1

As basements are built to greater depths and building developments occupy greater plan areas, the problems of settlement and horizontal displacement occur. To ensure minimum soil movement horizontally and vertically, around and below a deep excavation of given soil conditions, several measured are meccessary. Sometimes adjacent structures is damaged horizontal displacement and vertical settlement around and below of site. Recently, the intrumentation has many important roles in estimating and keeping stability of underground structures. Therefore, I present the characteristic of horizontal displacement through comparing instrumentation data with sunex program results for retention walls in a TaeJon site. As I think collectively many instrumentation data adn each field conditions, I point main factors causing horizontal displacement. Using instrumentation data, I propose a relationship representing a depth and magnitude with maximum horizontal displacement happens

아동학대실태 및 관련요인 : 대구광역시 일개 초등학교를 중심으로 Based on a Primary School in Daegu

하은경,박천만 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.4

This study was performed to provide the basic data necessary to prevent child abuse through an investigation of the current status of child abuse and an elucidation of its related affecting variables. Using a questionnaire, data were collected from 655 students, who were the second, fourth, and sixth graders attending at one primary school in Daegu city, and their parents from June 17 to July 19, 2002. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: On the recognition of abuse, both the children and their parents had a high recognition level in a severe physical abuse and a sexual abuse, whereas they had a low recognition level in a slight physical abuse, an emotional abuse, and a neglect. The parents had a higher recognition level than the children in a physical abuse. However, the children had a higher recognition level than the parents in an emotional abuse, a sexual abuse, and a neglect. On the frequency of abuse, male students were more experienced than female students (p<0.001), and low graders were more experienced than high graders (p<0.05), younger mother (p<0.01), parents having a high stress (p<0.01), parents having a nuclear family (p<0.05), parents having a low recognition on abuse (p<0.05), parents having a low conjugal affection (<0.05), parents having a bad foresting attitude (p<0.001), parents having more experience of abuse in childhood (p<0.001), and parents having a more experience of worrying about child's matters (p<0.001) had a high frequency of child abuse. A physical abuse had a high positive correlation with an emotional abuse (r=0.604), but had a low positive correlation with a neglect (r=0.285). And there was a moderately high positive correlation between a neglect and an emotional abuse (r=0.515).

산업 근로자의 구강건강실태 및 구강질환 관련요인에 관한 연구

김혜진,박천만,우극현,이은숙,이종렬,하은경 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.2

To maintain and improve workers' oral health, I investigated and analyzed the oral health status of workers, who are working at companies located in Koomi City. The results of the investigation and analysis are as follows. 1. Regarding the general properties of investigated objects, the male ratio of whole objects(1299 persons) occupied 86.6% the larger percentage, the persons from 20ages to 29ages in terms of age distribution occupied 35.6%, and the high school graduators in the respect of education occupied 75.3%. As for the property of duties, technical workers occupied 83.6% the larger percentage. In the drinking frequency of habits, one or two times drinking per week occupied 34.1% in case of male, and no drinking occupied 62.9% in case of female. 2. In the existence and nonexistence of oral disease depends on the general property of each objects, many females have an oral disease in comparison with males(p<.05), many persons with low education level have an oral disease(p<.001), and lots of self-boarding persons have an oral disease compared to the persons stayed at own home or dormitory(p<.05). In the existence and nonexistence of oral disease depends on living habits, the more male has a drinking capacity, the more has an oral disease(p<.05). And, the more male is smoking, the more has an oral disease(p<.05). When examine oral disease in accordance with cubjective healthy condition, there were many respondents answered that I have a decayed tooth or periodontitis in comparison with respondents did that I' m healthy(p<.001). In the existence and nonexistence of oral disease depends on oral health control practices and recognition, the persons received scaling for the latest one year had show a few of oral diseases significantly(p<.001). 3. As a result of Logistics Regression Analysis by putting oral disease as a dependent variable, the person who does not receive scaling, does smoking, has a low education level, does work at company for a short time, experiences lots of subjective symptoms, and does drinking, has a possibility that he/she can be infected easily with oral disease. As a whole of the above results, regular oral checkup every year shall be strengthen in its quality and quantity. In particular, the activation of oral health education to prevent oral disease may make workers' oral health and their life quality to be improved. Accordingly, in oral health education for workers, the more systematic and effective program shall be developed and the supports in government policy shall be needed.