Observaciones gramaticales sobre La traduccion de poesia coreana al espanol: con particular atencion a La poesia de Choi Sung Ho

( Un Kyung Kim ) 한국스페인어문학회 2010 스페인어문학 Vol.0 No.57

Este trabajo pretende revisar fenomenos gramaticales que pueden surgir al traducir la poesia coreana al espanol. Basa?ndonos en la poesia de Choi Sung Ho traducida por Kim Un-Kyung, hemos registrado que existen diversos problemas que se deben de superar en relacion con el orden de palabras, posiciones oracionales de adjetivos y adverbios, y la omision de constituyentes oracionales. Puesto que la poesia es un genero que requiere la abstraccion a diferencia de la prosa, en el proceso de traducir poemas coreanas al espanol el traductor se enfrenta a varios problemas sinta?cticos que pueden tener estrecha realcion con la adjuncion, topicalizacion, aposicion y hasta la seleccion del modo. Lamentamos que el trabajo en si no es exhaustivo porque es, de cierto modo, un estudio de piloto, pero creemos que es suficiente para poder extenderse con otros ma?s minuciosos del futuro.

스페인어 관사 연구 : 명사 서술어를 중심으로

김은경 서울대학교 어학연구소 1998 語學硏究 Vol.34 No.3

In this work we tried to explain the usage of articles (Φ/un/el) before Noun Phrases that are used as Nominal Predicate in Copulative Sentences. For this aim we have revised various works on Spanish articles from traditional grammar to recent studies of pragmatic intepretation. Traditionally the Spanish articles have been considered deteminants showing a semantic opposition 'determination'(el)/'no determination'(un). But A. Alonso and E. Alarcos negated the so-called indefinite article un's status as article and presented respectively a new opposition between el and Φ. 'existence' (el)/'escence' (Φ) and 'identification'/'classification'. Starting from this point of view we made an analysis on the alternation of Spanish articles in Noun Phrases of nominal predicate function in copulative sentences dividing them in two groups: referencial NPs and no referencial NPs. The referential Nps are normally determined by el and un, but also by Φ, when they are of generic meaning, while no referential NPs are modified primarily by un and Φ with an exception in which el occurs demanded by a pragmatically attributive interpretation of definite NPs. As a result we could explain the alternation of Spanish articles by the following opposition: el/un/Φ 'identication'/'indivualization'/'classification', a synthesis of series of partial points of view made before. Our contribution could be to provide a new explanation about the alternation of articles particularly in NPs of copulative sentences and to rectify the meaning of el and the scope of un's meaning of 'individualization'. That is, it is preferable to consider el's distinctive feature as 'unicity' instead of 'identification' to explain exceptional uses of el in no identificative sentences. And this new meaning of el can explain our distinction of 'token'(el)/'type'(un) based on un's meaning of 'individuality'. So our Φ will be a determinant that doesn't possess 'unicity' and 'individuality', of which it is no more necessary to explain Φ giving a sense of 'essence' or 'classification'.

병기 ⅠB-ⅡB 자궁경부암에서의 CD44v4/5, CD44v6, α-Smooth Muscle Actin과 nm23의 발현

장희경,허만하,김동휘,박은동 대한병리학회 1997 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.31 No.6

유아교사의 경력에 따른 동작교육실태 분석 연구

이경희,김태운 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2005 교사교육연구 Vol.44 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find a solution to improve problems on movement education- program according to childhood teaching careers. 1,000 childhood teachers were randomly selected from Busan city and Kyung Nam. The differences between childhood teachers' careers were analyzed by frequency analysis and Chi-square test. The result of this study is as follow; First, there were no significant differences between childhood teachers' careers in teaching movement education. Second, there were significant differences between the preferences of childhood teachers' careers in all types of movement education. Third, there were significant differences also between childhood teachers' careers in creative parts on their teaching method and studying method. Forth, there was high demand for movement education-program and practical uses of various short articles in childhood teachers' careers when childhood teachers teaching movement education.

제품의 리스크 분석 기법에 관한 연구 : HuBRA 기법 개발 Development of HuBRA (Human Behavior Risk Analysis)

박경수,조일행,김운회 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Since the introduction of The Product Liability Law, effective since July 2002, more and more companies and end-users have been giving their attention to the safety of products. A number of existing risk analysis techniques are being implemented to manufacturing sites. However, they have certain restrictions such as incurring different techniques that are to be implemented at each stage of the product development. This is due to their domain of the analysis differing from one to another. Moreover, the results of these analyses are not specific enough, and are subject to further revision. This study proceeds to look at various examinations undertaken on the existing risk analysis techniques. Through implementing them on certain products, investigations on the strengths and weaknesses were ascertained. This has allowed improvements on the existing techniques to be achieved as well as the development of a new risk analysis technique, 'HuBRA (Human Behavior Risk Analysis).' Finally the new technique was implemented on products to confirm its effectiveness.

정신병원에 근무하는 행정직원의 정신장애인에 대한 태도 연구 : 국립정신병원 직원과 사립정신병원 직원의 비교

지경환,왕은식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.3

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitudes toward the mentally ill, identify the factors influencing their attitudes of administration clerks in national and private mental hospitals, and to get basic data to develop education program and the strategy to treatment of mental illness. Methods : Total 166 administration clerks working in the two national mental hospital and four private mental hospital were interviewed by Community Attitudes to the Mentally III (CAMI) scale. Results : The administration clerks who working in the mental hospital showed generally sympathetic and positive attitudes in all CAMI scales like other community residents and mental health personnels. Administration clerks working in national mental hospitals showed more positive attitudes in authoritarianism subscale than those in private mental hospitals. Females who live in township areas (myeon), are low educated and have shorter duration of employment in national mental hospitals had relatively negative attitudes toward the mentally ill. Administration clerks working in private mental hospitals showed less significant differences according toward demographic characteristics. Conclusion : It will be necessary to give information and systematic education about mental health for those who have negative attitude toward mentally ill, especially in the early period of employment, further investigations should include comparison between characteristics of administration clerks working in national and private mental hospitals and change in attitudes after Systematic education.

번들조정에 의한 항공삼각망의 최적형상 결정에 관한 연구

박운용,신상철,윤경철 東亞大學校 大學院 1996 大學院論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The capability to map all potrions of the earth's surface always depended on the capacity to survey. Classical analog photogrammetry has been enhanced by more accurate and more rapid digital vector output. Analog plotter can moreover now easily be converted into analytical instruments to facilitate orientation, operator asisted DTM measurement, aerial triangulation, and vector plotting. Digital photogrammetry with scanned aerial photography has greatly enhanced the capabilities of restitution at large and medium scales. Digital orthophotography offers possibilities, which are one order of magnnitude less costly than conventional mapping, even though the same resolution performance cannot yet be reached, when digital work stations with reasonable computing speeds are campared with analytical plotters. However with rapidly increasing computer performance, the situation is gradually changing in favour of digital systems. In this study, the accuracy of three dimensional location was improved by bundle block adjustment with additional parameters, which are able to systematic error through detection and elimination of the gross error for observation values in aerial triangulation. In order to test thevariability in performance of the different weighting schemes in accurately detecting gross error, robust estimation method. And also, the different control point patterns and ovelap, twelve types of additional parameters were used for comparison analysis. As a result, it is expected to the sequential procedure of analysis can be utilized in the accuracy analysis of aerial triangulation effectively.

Bifocal Monofixator를 이용한 편측 골이동술(Unilateral Bone Transport System)

유경운,김인권,유석주 최신의학사 1993 最新醫學 Vol.36 No.11

비지흥국의 색소 및 Monacolin K 함량

윤은경,김영희,김순동 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

두부폐기물인 비지와 M. Pilosus를 이용한 홍국제조의 가능성을 검토하기 위하여 건조분말 비지에 20%양의 물을 첨가하여 증자한 비지에 glucose(0~10%), monosodium glutamate(0~0.1%), 감귤과피물추출물(감귤과피 양으로 0~0.5%)의 첨가에 따른 색소 및 monacolin K 함량을 조사하였다. Glucose 첨가량을 10%로 하였을 때 색소 생성량이 O.D. 1.06으로 가장 높았으며 이 때의 monacolin K 함량은 96.385㎎%(w/w)이었다. Monosodium glutamate는 0.01%에서 색소 생성량이 O.D. 2.26으로 가장 높았으며 이때의 monacolin K 함량은 118.255㎎%(w/w)이었다. 감귤과피 물추출물(g/mL)의 경우는0.4%(v/w) 첨가하였을 때 색소 생성량이 O.D. 2.61로 가장 높았으며 이때의 monacolin K 함량은 104.505㎎%(w/w)이었다. This study was conducted to investigate the preparation possibility of Beni-koji by Monascus pilosus using dried soybean curd residue(Biji). The additional effect of water(0-50%), glucose(0-10%, w/w), monosodium glutamate(0-0.1%, w/w) and citrus peel water extracts (0-0.5%, v/w) on the pigment and monacolin K content of the Biji Beni-koji were examined. Optimal added amounts of water was 20% of dried Biji. The highest pigment content(OD at 500㎚) of Biji Beni-koji ws 1.06 in 10% glucose, 2.26 in 0.01% Monosodium glutamate and 2.61 in 0.4% citrus peel water extracts. The content of monacolin K in the Biji Beni-koji added with 10% glucose, 0.01% monosodium glutamate and 0.4% citrus peel water extracts showed 96.38㎎%(w/w), 118.25 ㎎%(w/w) and 104.50 ㎎%(w/w), respectively.

당뇨병 환자에서 혈장 Thrombin-Antithrombin Ⅲ 및 Plasmin-α_2-Plasmin Inhibitor 복합체의 임상적 의의

김경욱,김은숙,정상수,윤수지,박우일,이준희,남수연,안철우,문병수,김경래,차봉수,송영득,임승길,이현철,허갑범 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.5

연구배경:당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 섬유소용해 체계의 이상경향이 있어 그 결과로 여러 혈관합병증의 발생위험이 높다는 사실은 널리 알려져 있다. 그 기전은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았으나, 고혈당으로 인한 혈장 단백질들의 비효소성 당화작용이나 산화성 스트레스로 인한 유리 라티칼 작용으로 응고항진이나 섬유소용해 활성의 저하를 유발하는 것으로 생각되고 있다. 최근 응고 및 용해인자와 그 억제자의 복합체들의 증가가 이 상태를 비교적 예민하게 반영한다고 알려져 있다. 방법:본 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자 101명과 정상 대조군 20명에서 혈장내 thrombin­antithrombin complex(TAT)와 plasmin­α₂­plasmin inhibitor complex(PIC)를 측정하여 비교하고, 당뇨병 환자에서 미세혈관 합병증과 대혈관합병증의 유무에 따른 차이와, 이미 혈관 질환의 위험인자로 알려져 있는 인자들간의 상관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 결과:1. 환자의 분포를 살펴보면 혈관합병증이 있는 군은 85명, 혈관합병증이 없는 군은 16명이었고, 평균연령은 각각 57.9±14.1세, 49.9±16.6세로 혈관 합병증이 있는 군에서 더 나이가 많았고, 체질량지수는 23.2±3.4㎏/㎡, 24.1±3.4㎏/㎡로 두 군간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 또 두 군간의 혈압 및 HbA1c, 공복혈당 및 인슐린과 C­peptide, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL­콜레스테롤, Lp⒜는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 미세혈관합병증이 있는 군에서 당뇨병의 유병기간이 길었다. 2. TAT 및 PIC의 농도는 정상 대조군에서는 2.8±1.2 ng/mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/mL이었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 9.5±22.6 ng/mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/mL이었다. TAT와 PIC 모두 당뇨병 환자군에서 정상 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가되어 있었고(p<0.001), TAT/PIC ratio는 두 군간 차이가 없었다. 3. 당뇨병 환자의 혈관합병증에 따른 TAT 및 PIC, fibrinogen 농도는 합병증이 없는 군은 각각 4.1±2.4ng/mL, 362.2±272.0ng/mL, 322.7±102.4mg/mL으로 PIC와 fibrinogen의 증가를 보였으나, 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 또 대혈관 합병증군에서는 각각 6.0±4.9 ng/mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/dL이었으며 미세·대혈관 합병증군에서는 10.4±6.4 ng/mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/dL으로 TAT의 증가를 보였으나 역시 연령을 보정한 후에는 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4. 미세혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 PIC 농도가 유의하게 높았고(p=0.049), 대혈관합병증군에서 HbA1c(>8%)가 높은 군의 총 콜레스테롤 농도가 유의하게 높았다(p=0.042). 5. 총 당뇨병 환자군에서 PIC는 fibrinogen과 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며(r=0.47, 0.31,-0.25), 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=0.67). 결론:이상의 결과에서 혈장 TAT 및 PIC 농도는 당뇨병 환자에서 정상 대조군에 비해 의미있게 증가되어 있었고, 당뇨병 환자군에서는 연령의 증가와 유병기간이 혈액응고항진 및 용해의 장애에 큰 역할을 함을 알 수 있었으며, 총 당뇨병 환자군에 PIC와 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를, BMI와 음의 상관관계를 보였으며 혈관 합병증이 없는 당뇨병 환자군에서만 TAT는 HbA1c와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 당뇨병 환자에서 혈액응고 및 용해의 장애가 동반되어 있다고 볼 수 있으며, 혈장 TAT 및 PIC는 혈관합병증으로의 진행을 예측하는 지표로서 유용하리라 생각된다. 또 혈당조절정도와 상관성이 있으므로 혈당조절후에 추적검사를 시행하여 합병증의 예방이 가능한지 추후 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다. Background : Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolystic system is known as a predisposing factor of vascular complication in diabetes. Although the pathogenesis is not well known, non-enzymatic glycation reaction and the increase in production of free radicals due to an increased oxidative stress may be linked to the hypercoagulibility and hypofibrinolytic activity. As indices of abnormality in coagulation and firinolysis in peripheral blood, plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ complex (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were measured. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether hypercoagulability exists in diabetic patients with or without vascular complication. Methods : In our study, we measured plasma thrombin-antithrombin Ⅲ compelx (TAT) and plasmin-α_2-plasmin inhibit or complex (PIC) in 101 diabetic subjects and 20 controls. Comparing TAT and PIC levels in diabetic microvascular complication group, diabetic macrovascular complication group and controls, we examined correlation between risk factors associated with diabetic vascular complication. Results : 1. The group with diabetic vascular complication was older than group without complication. There was no significant difference in BMI, blood pressure, HbA_ic, blood sugar level, insulin, C-peptide, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, Lp (a) between two groups. The group with diabetic microvascular complication had longer duration of diabetes. 2. Concentration of TAT and PIC were 2.8±1.2 ng/ mL, 240.4±69.7 ng/ mL in controls and 9.5±22.6 ng/ mL, 472.2±258.7 ng/ mL in diabetic patients, respectively. TAT and PIC were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control (p<0.001). But TAT/PIC ratio was no significant difference between two groups. 3. In diabetic patients, concentration of TAT and PIC and fibrinogen were respectively 4.1±2.4 ng/ mL, 362.2±272.0 ng/ mL, 322.7±102.4 mg/ dL in group without vascular complication and 5.3±4.1 ng/ mL, 529.5±258.7 ng/ mL, 374.9±106.2 mg/ dL in group with microvascular complication, which group had increase in PIC and Fibrinogen but no significance after correction of age. Concentration of TAT and PIC and Fibrinogen were 60.±4.9 ng/ mL, 507.4±321.6 ng/ mL, 427.1±194.7 mg/ dL in macrovascular complication, and 10.4±6.7 mg/ mL, 484.8±269.7 ng/ mL, 388.4±132.4 mg/ dL in combined vascular complication which group showed increase of TAT but also had no significant increase after correction of age. 4. In diabetic microvascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.049) had significant high PIC concentration. In diabetic macrovascular complication patients, group of high HbA_1c (>8%) (p=0.042) had significant high total cholesterol concentration. 5. In all diabetic patients, PIC was positively correlated with fibrinogen and HbA_1c and negatively correlated BMI (r=0.47, 0.31, -0.25). Only in daibetic patients without angiopathy, TAT was positively correlated with HbA_1c (r=0.67). Conclusion : In this study, plasma TAT and PIC concentration significantly increased in diabetic patients compared with controls, and PIC was increased in group with microvascular complication, TAT were increased in group with combined micro macrovascular complication. However, there was no significance relationship existed when correctinf for age. PIC was correlated with HbA_1c. TAT was correlated with HbA_1c only in the group without angiopathy. Abnormality of coagulation and fibrinolysis were combined in diabetes, plasma TAT and PIC can be used as an index of vascular complication. Also we found the correlation with the degree of the blood glucose control. Therefore we need follow up study for the possibility of prevention of vascular complication after controlling the blood glucose to age-matched patients (J Kor Diaabetes Asso 25:354~363, 2001).