가토에서 일측 요관 부분 및 완전폐색시 신장과 요관의 조직학적 변화

김상현,김용웅,육승모,한동석,노안식,임재성,김홍식,나용길,설종구 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

This study was designed to clarify histologic changes in the experimental rabbit kidney and ureter after unilateral partial or complete ureteral obstruction. A total of 20 adult white rabbits were divided into 4 subgroups in the partial obstruction followed by 2 weeks, the partial obstruction followed by 4 weeks, the complete obstruction followed by 2 weeks, and the complete obstruction followed by 4 weeks. The normal control group was consisted of 5 adult white rabbits. The kidneys and ureters for light microscopy were fixed in 10% neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Abnormal histologic fingings showed in ipsilateral kidney and ureter of all subgroups(such as dilatation of uriniferous tubule, focal necrosis and desquamation of epithelium, interstitial fibrosis, glomerular congestion, widening of Bowman's space, dilatation of ureter, epithelial cell atrophy or loss, interstitial fibrosis and interstitial inflammation). These findings were most severe in the group of the complete-obstructed ureter for 4 weeks. No significant changes showed in contralateral ureter of all subgroups. The degree of obstruction was severe and period of obstruction was long, the histological changes in ipsilateral side were severe. Despite of changes in ipsilateral side no abnormal findings showed in contralateral side. We suggest that long term experimental investigation of histologic changes in ipsilateral side and compensatory changes in contralateral side have to be studied.

중학교 정보 교과서에서 "문제해결 방법과 절차" 영역의 창의적 문제해결력 경향 분석

김용대 ( Yong Dae Kim ),최길수 ( Gil Su Choi ),이종연 ( Jong Yun Lee ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2012 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.1

정보 교과는 지식정보화 사회에 필요한 정보 활용 능력은 물론 창의적인 문제해결력을 함양하기 개설된 교과이다. 그러나 창의적 문제해결요소가 교과서에 어느 정도 포함되었는지를 분석하는 연구는 미미하다. 따라서 본 논문은 중학교 정보 1 교과서 ``문제해결방법 및 절차`` 영역의 창의적 문제해결력 경향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 정보 교과서가 창의적 문제해결력 함양 요소를 어느 정도 포함하고 있는지 최길수의 정량적 분석법으로 분석한 결과, 교과서별로 문제해결과정 반영과 문제해결전략 제시의 충실도에 차이가 크게 나타났고 모든 교과서가 활동 요구 지수, 창의적 문제해결력 관련지수, 활동 유형지수가 전체적으로는 바람직한 범위에 있으나 소 영역별로는 바람직한 범위를 벗어난 것이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 지수 값이 균형을 이루지 못한 교과서가 있고 활동 유형이 일부 유형에 치우쳐 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 앞으로 정보 교과서의 개발 및 수정 보완 시 문제해결과정 반영과 문제해결전략의 충실도를 높이고, 교과서의 학습 활동 구성 시 다양한 학습 활동 유형을 활용하고 기본 정신 기능과 고등 정신 기능을 요구하는 활동 비율의 균형을 유지할 것을 제안하였다. Developing middle and high students` information literacy and creative problem-solving skills in this information-oriented society is very important and for this reason, the subject of informatics has been established. However, little research on creative problem solving literacy of informatics textbooks has been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to quantitatively analyze whether ``problem-solving methods and procedures`` parts in informatics textbooks in middle schools present creative problem solving literacy or not and in what degree. Data were quantitatively analyzed using the Gil-Su Choi method. The result of data analysis indicated that all the textbooks turned out to be correct range in the category of the "composition of various learning activities," but got out of range in some categories such as "problem-solving process reflection` and "problem-solving strategy proposal". Also a few textbooks haven`t satisfied in important indexes and activities. So, we suggest that more ``problem-solving process reflection`` and ``problem-solving strategy proposal`` parts should be included in the informatics textbook and more various forms of learning activities be utilized well as the ratio of activities needed primary and high mental processes be kept the balance.

비중격 만곡증 및 만성 비후성 비염 환자에서 비중격 성형술과 하비갑개 수술의 치료효과

김용대,서보수,조길성,송시연,윤석근,송계원 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2001 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.18 No.2

Septoplasty with turbinate surgery is common surgical treatment In patients with septal deviation and chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to evaluation objective outcomes of septoplasty with turbinate surgery by analysis of subjective symptom score with objective acoustic rhinometric test before and after surgery, prospectively. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 45 adult patients which were done septoplasty with bilateral turbinectomy or turbinoplasty and followed up at least 3 months by one rhinologist from November 1999 to April 2000, prospectively. We analyzed subjective symptom score. minimal cross-sectional area (MCA) , C-notch cross-sectional area, and total volume of both nasal cavity before and after surgery. Correlation test was studied between symptom improvement and acoustic rhinometric results. Results: Twenty nine cases were male and sixteen cases female. The average age was 26.9 year-old (range: 17 to 57 years). There was significantly improvement of symptom score in postoperative 3 months (p<0.05). There was significantly increased C-notch cross-sectional area and total volume in postoperative 3 months. Symptoms improvement were associated with acoustic rhinometric profiles, but, there was not significantly correlation. Conclusion: Septoplasty with turbinate surgery is considered to be effective for nasal obstruction in patients with septal deviation and turbinate hypertrophy. Acoustic rhinometric test is favorable objective test for evaluation of symptom improvement after septal surgery.

여성 복압성 요실금에서 전기자극을 이용한 골반저근운동의 효과

김윤종,김진겸,임재성,나용길,설종구 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.2

Purpose: PFME(Pelvic floor muscle exercise) has been used in stress Incontinence patients as a primary treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of well structed PFME with functional electrical stimulation in these patients. Materials and methods: Ninety five women with stress incontinence were assigned to pelvic floor muscle training program. The mean age of the patients was 43.5 years and according to the Stamey grades, 50(52.6%) were grade 1, 42(44.2%) were grade II and 3(3.2%) were grade III. In principle, we performed electrical stimulation. of 2 times a day, each 30 minutes in length and continued for at least 3 months. Results: In our study, overall success ratee was 76% at lmonth, 96.3% at 2months, 94.4% at 3months and 92% at 6months after treatment, at respectively. The cure rate according to the symptom grade was 48% in grade I, 23.8% in grade II and 0% in grade III, so the degree of grade was significant parameter predictive of a good outcome (p<0.05). Intravaginal pressure increased by 10cmH2O. Increased vaginal pressure was found in 93% of the patients and at least 50% improvement was 61%. Conclusion: PFME using functional electrical stimulation is more effective for the patients who have good compliance, low degree stress incontinence. In order to attain and maintain good results, a well structed program that teaches specific muscle exercise should be used and the patients should be followed by a maintenance program and reinforcement.

미국의 식물유래약용물질(Plant-Made Pharmaceuticals, PMPs)의 안전성 규제

김태산,원소윤,이근표,류태훈,진용문,이길복,김현준 한국국제농업개발학회 2005 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

1. 식물유래 약용물질 (PMP)은 살아있는 식물에서 생산된 치료용 단백질로, 발효조에서 세포계통을 이용하는 것보다 적은 비용으로 높은 순도의 단백질을 생산할 수 있어 이에 대한 연구개발이 확대될 전망이다. 2. 식물유래 약용물질의 재배시험을 감독하는 주관부서는 미농무부(USDA)의 동식물 검역청(APHIS)이다. 3. PMP의 생산에는 알팔파. 옥수수, 벼 잇꽃과 담배 등이 이용되고 있다. 4. 현재 상업화된 PMP는 없으나 ProdiGene, Inc사 등 몇몇 생명공학 회사에서 이들의 연구개발이 진행되고 있다. 5. 2002년에 PMP 재배시험은 130에이커 규모로 34개 시험장에서 20건이 허가 되었으며 주별로는 애리조나, 네브라스카 등 14주에서 시험이 이루어 졌다. 6. 미국 USDA의 PMP 재배 지침에 의하면 PMP의 재배생산에는 안전성확보를 위한 별도의 전용장비를 필요로 하며 파종에서 생산까지 엄격하게 관리된다. 7. 미국 USDA의 APHIS는 2002년 PMP 옥수수를 생산하는 ProdiGene, Inc사에 대하여 2건의 포장시험허가 위반사항을 적발하여 벌금 조치를 한바있다. Plant-made pharmaceuticals(PMPs) are therapeutic agents(pharmaceutical proteins) produced in genetically engineered plants. To yield these valuable products plants offer several advantages that include large-scale production capacity at a reduced cost, equivalent purity/activity to other manufacturing systems, and freedom from contamination with animal pathogens, prions, or disease-causing germs. But there are risks of contamination of the food supply and unintended effects on ecosystems. In the U.S. PMPs are regulated under stringent requirement of the U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA) and the Food and Drug Administration(FDA). In this article, contamination incident with PMP corn engineered by ProdiGene, Inc will be briefly introduced and regulations of PMPs will be discussed.

출생후 흰쥐 구치의 발육에 따른 치수의 신경지배 발달에 관한 면역조직화학적 연구

김영진,남순현,배용철,김동길,김현정 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the postnatal development of pulpal innervation with the tooth development and eruption process in developing rat mandibular molars (postnatal 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 35day-old and adult rats). Immunohistochemical method was carried out for the detection of nerve fibers, using the antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP). The results were as follows: The feature of CGRP-IR nerve fibers were shown in a bead-like appearance. The time of nerve entering into the dental papilla of tooth follicle began at the occured advanced dentinogenesis. The development of Raschkow plexus began at the formative stage of the roots and was accelerated at the stage of the crown emerged into the oral cavity. The number of nerve fibers entering the odontoblastic layer increased with the tooth eruption and mastication. The development of innervation was shown to be related with the stage of the development of individual teeth rather than the chronological age of the rat.

머리부분에 과량의 방사선을 조사받은 흰쥐 위점막 벽세포의 미세구조 연구

김용식,고정식,양남길,안의태,박경호 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 머리부분이 많은 양의 방사선에 노출되었을 때 위점막 벽세포에 나타나는 미세구조적 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 200-250g의 건강한 숫흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 이를 정상군과 실험군(방사선 조사군)으로 나누었다. 실험군은 3,000 rad조사군과 6,000 rad조사군으로 구분하였으며, 방사선 조사후 6시간, 2일 및 6일후에 희생시켰다. 실험군은 sodium thiopental로 마취시킨후 치료방사기(Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV)를 사용하여 머리부분에만 분당 200 rad씩 X-선을 조사하였다. 위조직은 통상적인 전자현미경을 시료작성법에 따라 2.5% glutaraldehyde- 1.5% paraformaldehyde혼합액(0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3)에 1차 고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3)에 2차 고정하였다. 고정된 조직은 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite혼합액에 포매하였으며, LKB-V ultratome르로 60-70nm두께의 얇은 절편을 작성하였다. 각 절편은 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate로 염색한후, JEM 100CX-Ⅱ전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 방사선 조사후 6시간군의 경우, 위샘내강쪽으로 벽세포의 일부가 돌출되어 있는 것이 가끔 관찰되었으며, 미세사와 용해소체가 정상군의 것에 비하여 다소 증가되었으나 기타 세포질소기관의 미세구조적 변화는 관찰할 수 없었다. 2. 방사선 조사후 2일군이 경우, 미세사와 용해소체가 6시간군의 것에 비하여 더 많이 관찰되었다. 3. 방사선 조사후 6일군의 경우, 벽세포는 세포내세관과 미세융모가 미약하였으며 관소포구조의 막성구조가 파괴되고 세포질이 부분용해된 변성세포가 자주 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 머리부분이 과도한 방사선에 노출되면 위점막의 벽세포는 초기에는 별다른 미세구조적 변화가 없으나 6일 정도가 지나면 분비기능에 관계된 미세구조들이 큰 손상을 받게 되므로 분비기능이 매우 약화된다고 생각된다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the gastric parietal cells of the head-irradiated rats. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The head region of the rat, under sodium thiopental anesthesia. was exposed to 3,000rads or 6,000rads of X-ray radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80cm, and the dose rate was 200rads/min. The rats of experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6 hours, 2 days and 6 days after X-ray irradiation. Pieces of the tissue taken from the body of the stomach were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and in 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M Milloning's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow: 1. The morphological changes of the parietal cells were not pronounced, six hours after head irradiation. But the parietal cells protruding into the lumen of the gastric gland were infrequently observed and amounts of the microfilaments and lysosomes were slightly increased as compared with those of the control gorup. 2. Two days following irradiation, bundles of the microfilaments and the lysosome in the parietal cells were more frequently observed than those observed in the six hours group. 3. Dramatic decrease of intracellular canaliculi and microvilli of the parietal cells were observed on the 6th day, and destruction of tubulovesicular structures and partial cytolysis or necrosis were observed frequently. Above results suggest that high dose of head irradiation induces indirect hazardous effects on the gastric parietal cells of the rat, and the irradiated animals might suffered from weak acid secretion of the parietal cell, since the large number of the parietal cells are degenerated within a few days following irradiation.

권총사격선수의 자신감, 특성불안, 심리기술 및 기록에 미치는 효과

김상길,이용인 忠南大學校體育科學硏究所 2008 體育科學硏究誌 Vol.26 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze any effects to the air pistol shooter's confidence, sport competition anxiety, psychological skills and records by aiming zone training & rifle target training. A Total of 40 male pistol shooters participated for 5 weeks training program in 4 high-schools. Data obtained from participant's 10m air pistol records and using questionnaires about sport confidence, sport competition anxiety and psychological skills of shooting. Descriptive Statistics, independent t-test, paired-sample t-test and ANCOVA were used for analysing those data. This follows the conclusions obtained from this study. First, aiming zone training & rifle target training program effect to improve the shooter's records. Secondly, aiming zone training & rifle target training program effect to improve shooter's sport confidence. Third, aiming zone training & rifle target training program effect to reduce sport competition anxiety. Finally, aiming zone training & rifle target training program effect to improve psychological ski11s(mental image control, concentration, anxiety control, confidence).

導痰湯이 家兎의 高脂血症 및 血栓症에 미치는 影響

金然斗,文炳淳,朴暎淳,金世吉 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1994 원광한의학 Vol.4 No.1

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Dodamtang(導痰湯) on the hyperlipidemia and intravasculr coagulation induced rabbits. In order to control the precise condition, the experimental rabbits were sypplied with calorie limited food. The hyperlipidemia was induced by oral administration of cholesterol(500㎎/㎏) for 4weeks and the intravascular coagulation was induced by indotoxin injection(0.15㎎/㎏). The therapeutic effects of Dodamtang (250㎎/㎏ and 500㎎/㎏) on the lipid metabolism, histological changes of fat deposition in tissues, and the FDP were studied. The results were summurized as followings : 1. The food efficiency rate was decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 2. The concentration of the serum glucose and total lipid decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 3. The arteriosclerosis index for phospholipid (triglyceride/phosphokipid) decreased with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 4. The concentration of the serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol and the arteriosclerosis index for HDL-cholesterol(LDL, VLDL-chloesterol/HDL-cholesterol) decreased with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 5. The concentration of the serum total protein decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang, however, the metabolic rate of albumin/globulin increased with the increased concentration on Dodamtang. 6. The concentration of the serum creatinine decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 7. The activities of GOT, GPT, and LDH decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 8. The fat deposition in tissues decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. 9. The concentration of FDP decreased significantly with the increased concentration of Dodamtang. According to the above results, Dodamtang is assumed to have a curative effects against hyperlipidemia and intravascular coagulation.

시스템 결함 관리를 위한 소프트웨어 패키지 개발

김길용,고정국,윤재식,옥을석 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.55 No.-

최근 들어 컴퓨터의 사용 범위가 항공기나 우주선의 자동 항법 시스템, 발전소 제어 시스템 간은 응용 분야에까지 확장되고 있다. 이런 응용 분야에 사용되는 컴퓨터 스스템에서 발생하는 고장은 치명적인 인적, 재정적 손실을 야기할 수 있기 대문에 하드웨어의 고장 또는 소프트웨어 오류가 존재하는 경우에도 자신의 작업을 중단함이 없이 계속 정확하게 수행할 수 있는 시스템을 필요로 하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점에 대한 해결책으로 시스템이 동작하는 동안 발생하는 결함에 대한 원인을 분석하고 효과적인 해결 방안을 제시하는 보고서를 자동으로 작성함으로써 결함 탐지와 진단, 보고 기능을 수행하는 결함 관리를 위한 소프트웨어 패키지를 개발하였다. 결함 탐지 방법은 결함 조건 구성 형태에 따라 단일로그 활용방법과 다중로그 활용방법으로 구분되며, 기능 시험 결과 결함 관리 소프트웨어 패키지의 정확한 동작을 확인할 수 있었다. 클라이언트-서버 구조로 구현된 시스템 결함 관리 기능은 소프트웨어 기법 활용하기 때문에 추가적인 비용이 소요되지 않고도 기존 컴퓨터 시스템의 결함 관리 서비스에 활용될 수 있다. Nowadays, the application of computer is widely extending to many spheres such as a navigation system and power plant control system. However, the faults of computer systems in these fields may cause a loss of haman and financial resources, or a disaster, we need a system that can carry out their jobs through hardware errors or software faults. In this paper, as a solution for the problem described above, we developed a software package for fault management that performs fault detection, deagnosis, and reporting through analyzing cause of faults and generating a system fault report automatically. The fault detection methods are divided into two classes based on error log utilizing scheme of a fault analyzer : single log scheme and multiple log scheme. We accomplished a facility test results show that the software package can correctly detect faults. The results also show the usefulness of this package int system fault management. Because this package utilizes software scheme, there is an advantage that it can be used to provide a system fault management with existing computer systems without additional costs.