AI를 활용한 범죄컨설팅의 위험성 및 입법 필요성 연구

김현준,김예은,황원석 한국법학원 2025 저스티스 Vol.208 No.-

소설 셜록홈즈에 등장하는 모리어티는 홈즈의 영원한 숙적이다. 모리어티는 자신이 직접 범죄를 저지르기보다는 범행을 저지르기를 원하는 타인의 행위를 돕는 역할을 주로 수행한다. 독자들은 천재적인 두뇌를 바탕으로 범죄의 전체적인 틀부터 세부적인 부분까지 자문을 해주는 모리어티를 보며 매력을 느끼게 된다. 일반적으로 모리어티와 같은 자를 ‘범죄 코디네이터’라고 칭하고 이러한 행위를 ‘범죄컨설팅’이라고 부른다. 보통의 범죄컨설팅은 개인이 개인에게 구체적인 범행을 조언해주는 방식으로 이뤄진다. 그러므로 범죄 코디네이터는 범죄를 직접 실행하는 자가 어떠한 고의를 가지고 무슨 행위를 할 것인지에 대하여 구체적으로 인지하는 경우가 많다. 설사 구체적으로 무슨 행위를 할 것인지에 대한 세부적인 인식은 하지 못하였더라도 어느 법익을 침해할 것인지에 대하여는 예견하는 것이 일반적이다. 이렇듯 범죄 코디네이터는 정범의 범행을 인지하고 이를 돕는 역할을 수행하므로 정범이 행한 범죄의 방조범 책임을 지우는 것이 일반적인 해석이다. 하지만 정범이 실행의 착수에 나아가지 않을 경우에는 범죄 코디네이터는 예비ㆍ음모 규정이 있을 경우에 한하여 예비ㆍ음모죄로 처벌할 수 있을 뿐이고, 그렇지 않다면 처벌할 수 없게 된다. 즉 범죄 코디네이터를 처벌하기 위하여는 정범의 실행의 착수가 필수적이므로 정범의 행위에 크게 의존된다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 개인이 개인에게 범죄컨설팅을 해주는 케이스의 위험성과 관여도를 고려할 때는 기존의 해석이 크게 문제된다고 볼 수 없지만, AI를 도구로 사용하는 범죄코디네이터에게 위 해석을 그대로 적용할 경우 사회에 끼치는 해악성에 비해 처벌의 불균형이 발생할 수 있다. AI 개발자 및 관리자가 구체적인 최신 범죄방법을 제공할 수 있는 AI를 만드는 것의 위험성이 상당히 높기 때문이다. AI는 짧은 시간에 수많은 범죄자들에게 범죄컨설팅을 해줄 수 있기 때문에 대규모의 피해자가 발생할 수 있다. 특히 AI가 최신 판결문의 범죄방법을 학습한다면 그 위험성은 훨씬 증대된다. 본 연구는 최신 사기 사건 판결문에 기재된 구체적인 범죄방법을 습득한 AI가 악의적인 답변을 제공해줄 수 있는지 대한 실험을 진행하였고, 결과적으로 AI 내부에 윤리필터가 존재함에도 불구하고 악의적인 답변을 해준다는 점을 확인하였다. 본 실험결과는 악의적인 AI를 만들어 범죄컨설팅에 활용하는 것이 기술적으로 충분히 가능하다는 점을 입증한다. 따라서 짧은 시간에 수많은 피해를 발생시킬 수 있는 AI 범죄 컨설팅의 위험성을 고려할 때, 국회는 국민들을 범죄로부터 보호하기 위하여 이를 규율하는 관련 형법 규정을 조속히 조속히 제정해야 한다. Professor Moriarty, who appears in the Sherlock Holmes novels, is Holmes’s eternal nemesis. Rather than committing crimes himself, Moriarty typically plays the role of assisting others who intend to commit crimes. Readers are drawn to Moriarty’s brilliance, as he offers strategic advice on criminal activities—from overarching plans down to intricate details—based on his genius-level intellect. Individuals like Moriarty are generally referred to as “crime coordinators,” and such actions are known as “crime consulting.” Typically, crime consulting involves one individual providing concrete advice to another on how to commit a specific crime. As such, crime coordinators are often well aware of the principal perpetrator’s intent and the acts to be carried out. Even if they do not fully grasp every specific action the principal plans to take, they generally foresee the legal interests that are likely to be infringed. Because crime coordinators recognize the crime being committed and actively assist in it, they are usually held liable as accessories to the principal offense. However, if the principal does not proceed to the execution phase, the crime coordinator can only be punished under legal provisions for preparation or conspiracy—provided such provisions exist. Otherwise, no punishment is possible. In other words, in order to hold a crime coordinator criminally liable, the principal must begin executing the crime, which reveals a structural limitation in relying on the principal’s actions. When it comes to conventional crime consulting—where one individual advises another—this legal interpretation is not particularly problematic, considering the risk and level of involvement. But applying this interpretation unchanged to crime coordinators who use AI as a tool may lead to a significant imbalance in punishment compared to the actual societal harm caused. This is because it is highly dangerous for an AI developer or manager to create a system capable of providing up-to-date and concrete methods for committing crimes. AI can provide crime consulting to a large number of potential offenders in a short period of time, potentially resulting in massive harm. This risk increases significantly if the AI is trained on the crime methods detailed in recent court rulings. This study conducted an experiment to determine whether an AI trained on specific fraud techniques found in recent judgments could provide malicious responses. As a result, it was confirmed that despite the presence of an ethical filter within the AI, it was still capable of generating such responses. This outcome demonstrates that it is technologically feasible to develop a malicious AI and use it for crime consulting purposes. Given the potential for AI-based crime consulting to cause widespread harm in a short period, it is imperative that the National Assembly promptly enact relevant criminal law provisions to protect the public from such threats.

DSP를 利用한 Phase-shifted PWM 直列共振型 DC-DC 컨버터

김현준,김학성,김세찬,유동욱,원충연 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1995 論文集 Vol.46 No.2

This paper deals with a phase-shifted PWM high-frequency series resonant DC-DC converter using IGBTs. The converter output voltage regulation is digitally controlled using DSP(TMS320C31) for a fast rising time and low ripple output voltage. A PID controller and feed-forward controller is adopted as a controller and implemented on software. Simulation technique are employed to describe resonant converter behavior, which can present system output exactly and calculate in short time, by applying numerical method to the state equation of each equivalent circuit. And the simulation results are verified as compared with experimental results.

10주간의 행동요법이 비만 초등학생의 혈중지질 성분에 미치는 영향

김현준,김태운,박태곤,박찬호,예정복 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 2003 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of behavioral modification therapy among elementary students by comparing and analysing serum lipid between the experimental group and the control group on obese children. For this study, 44 obese children(boys: above 25% of % fat, girls: above 30% of % fat) between 11 and 12 years old S elementary school in Busan city were engaged in and were divided into two groups, each group consisting twenty two children an experimental group for behavioral modification therapy and a control group without any kind of obesity management program......

효소 고정화용 PVC 유도체막을 통한 기체 투과특성

김현준 경기대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.43 No.2

Gas permeable polymeric membranes containing carboxyl or hydroxyl groups which are suitable for enzyme immobilization were investigated in order to use them as gas electrode membranes in biosensors. Membranes were prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) and its derivatives - carboxylated poly(vinyl chloride) (CPVC), poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate) (PVCA) and poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol) (PVCAl), using the solution casting method. Dioctylphthalate(DOP) as plasticizer was added to polymer solution to increase the softness of membranes, and the effects of DOP on the membrane properties were investigated. The membranes dried slowly in air showed higher permeability coefficients than those dried in vacuum. The addition of DOP to the membranes enhanced the permeability coefficients for the gases. For example, the permeability coefficients for O_(2) and CO_(2) in CPVC membrane containing 30 wt.% DOP at 100 psig were 2.03 and 0.96 Barrer, respectively, which are about 4∼5 times higher than those of the membranes without DOP. The synthetic PVCAl(Syn-PVCAl) obtained by hydrolysis of PVCA showed a higher permeability coefficient for CO_(2) in presence of DOP than the commercial PVCAl, but did not show any significant difference in permeability for O_(2). It was concluded that CPVC and Syn-PVCAl membranes were the good candidates for the enzyme-immobilizable membranes in CO_(2) sensor system.

광주광역시 사회체육 현황과 진흥방안

김현준,장우인 조선대학교 사범대학 부설 교과교육연구소 1998 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of the study is to present the present condition of sports and leisure and promotion in Kwangju city. The aims of sports and leisure are to improve living quality, to promote health and to promote social welfare of local residents by spontaneous particioation of local residents themselves. Thus, the government should support executive and financial help local residents to particioate to sports and leisure programs and also local self-government body should poerate sports and leisure facilities and financial programs. thus, we need followings to promote local residents' particioation to sports and leisure programs. 1. sufficient finances for the promotion of sports and leisure. 2. Amplication sporte and leiaure facilities. 3. Developing probrams which present the motive of participation to sports and leisure activities and ways. 4. Training exercise leaders who can maximize the impact of exercise and the efficiency of exercise. 5. Unification of executive organizations of sports and leisure.

노화와 신체활동에 관한 소고

김현준 忠北大學校 平生體育硏究所 1995 平生體育硏究所 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In order to prevent aging and enhance the quality of life, I review what aging is, what aging causes, how we prepare for aging, and what the relationship between aging and physical activity is. According to several theories, it is not possible to extend life. However, this review encourages us to know the quality of life, which is maintaining health and postponing the onset of debilitating disease as long as possible. Therefore, the quality of life components is provided: cognitive and emotional, economical, social and recreational, and health and physical factors. Moat of these factors highly interact with each other for quality of life. Among them, physical activity and function are the basis for performing the activities of daily living and resulting in more adults living longer, not an increase in the maximum human life span In addition, I provide some information for quality of life: how to eat, exercise, behave, control weight, etc....

정신과에 입원중인 환자들의 이탈

김현준 大韓神經精神醫學會 1984 신경정신의학 Vol.23 No.3

저자는 1973년 1월 1일부터 1982년 8월 30일까지의 최근 10년간 경북대학교 부속병원 신경정신과에 입원했던 총 2,035명의 환자 가운데서, 입원 도중에 이탈한 적이 있는 130명의 환자를 대상으로 하고, 또한 이 기간 동안에 입원했던 환자로서 이탈한 적이 없는 130명의 환자를 무선표집방식에 의해 선정하여 대조군으로 해서 이탈 환자들의 개인적 특성, 이탈의 특성, 이탈의 결과, 이탈의 동기 및 이탈에 대한 대책 등을 조사 분석한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다. 이탈 환자들의 성별은 남자 69.2%, 여자 30.8%였고, 이들의 연령층은 15세에서 24세군이 50.8%로 가장 많았다. 발병 기간이 1년 이내인 비교적 급성인 환자가 43.1%로 가장 많았다. 초입원인 경우가 80.8%, 강제 입원인 경우가 61.5%로 대조군에 비해서 높게 나타났다. 진단별로 볼 때 정신분열증이 69.2%로 가장 많았고 대조군과 비교할 때 망상형 정신분열증, 조울정신병이 차지하는 비율이 높았으며, 신경증과 뇌증후군이 차지하는 비율은 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이탈 환자의 이탈 횟수는 1회에서 5회까지이며, 130명의 이탈 환자들이 시도한 총 이탈 횟수는 181회이다. 이탈 시기는 입원 1주 이내에 가장 많이 시도되었으며, 정오부터 오후 6시 사이에 가장 많이 시도되었다. 이탈 환자들의 이탈 기간은 1시간 이내였던 경우가 39.2%로 가장 많았고, 귀원하지 않았던 경우도 26.5%에 달했다. 이탈 환자들의 이탈 기간 동안의 자해 및 가해는 총 9건이 있었으며, 그 내용은 경한 손상 5건, 자살기도 2건, 행방 불명 1건, 사망 1건 등이었으며, 가해는 없었다. 환자가 이탈 전에 보인 특징들로서는 망상등 심한 증세를 보인 경우, 치료자에 대한 불신 및 치료 거부, 지나친 요구를 하는 경우, 병실내에서 고립되는 것 등이다. 밝혀진 이탈 동기 중에는 망상에 의한 것이 가장 많다. 끝으로, 이탈의 예방 및 대책에 관한 몇가지 의견을 제시하였는데, 그것들은 이탈의 위험성이 높은 환자들의 색출 및 그들에 대한 치료자의 특별한 주의, 치료 환경의 개선 및 구성인원의 효과적인 조직화, 개방병동과 폐쇄병동을 공존시키고 적절히 운영하는 것 등이다. This study was a survey of all available hospital records pertaining to the 130 escapes of psychiatric inpatients who had previously been treated at Kyungpook National University Hospital during the decade of 1973-1982. The findings were compared with a random sampled control group of 130 inpatients. Patients in the age group of 15-24 years showed the highest incidence and there was a tendency for the rate to decrease with advancing age. Also, 67% of the escapees had finished high school or college. In comparison with the control group, the escapees included more first admission cases and fewer multiple admission cases, but also more patients who had acute illness (under 1 year). In all, 62% of the escapees had been admitted involuntarily, as compared with 42% of the control group. Schizophrenia was the most frequent diagnosis, comprising 69% of the escapees. In comparison with the control group, the escapes tended to receive more serious psychiatric diagnoses; such as schizophrenia (particularly paranoid type) and manic depressive psychosis, while the control group received more diagnoses of organicity or neurotic disorders. Out of all the escapees, 42% of them escaped within the first seven days of admission and the majority of the escapes occurred between noon and 6:00pm. Most of the escapes were detected by ward personnel and about 40% of them returned to the ward in an hour. Prior to the escape, the patients showed several behavioral characteristics. These data were selected and summarized. Most fall under severe symptoms, treatment refusal, excessive demands, isolation and loneliness. Of the known escape motivations, delusion was the most common causative factor. Finally, to prevent escape from the psychiatric wards, the author suggested detection of high risk patients, therapist's active concern for Various needs and adaptive problems of these patients, providing more desirable therapeutic environments(more staff, better facilities, more effective organization), and coexistence of both a closed ward and an open ward within one psychiatric in-patient unit of a general hospital with proper arrangement of patients according to severity of symptoms and need for isolation.

국내 농업용 유전자변형 작물 위해성심사 시험포장의 안전관리에 관한 연구

김현준,안주희,한태호 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2015 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.50 No.-

The cultivation area of genetically modified (GM) crops is increasing worldwide reaching 175.3 million hectares by 2013. Currently in Korea cultivation of GM crops is not allowed and they are being imported for food and forage use only. According to the Cartagena Protocol of Biosafety and The Act on Transboundary Movements of Living Modified Organisms,etc in Korea, the risk assessment for the newly developed or imported GM crops and confined field trials are being conducted throughout the nation. This study was carried out to monitor the safety management of 8 different confined field trials in Jeolla, Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, and Jeju provinces in 2014 and 2015. For each field, separation of district, management of field facility and cultivation, and management records are monitored. Safety management to prevent the unintentional gene flow by seeds and pollen disperse were well performed. However, as some drainage was blocked or running towards the outside of the confined field, precaution to prevent the unintentional gene flow by the soil runoff needs to be reinforced. In the future, based on the biological characteristics of GM crops, more studies on the confined field trial plan, the monitoring period and frequency are required.

건강교육과 자발적 운동참여 프로그램이 비만 및 과체중아동의 신체조성과 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

김현준 대한비만학회 2007 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.16 No.3

Background: Self-efficacy in obese children is significantly lower compared to normal weight children. Exercise program has positive impact on one's body composition and self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether voluntary participation exercise program improves obese children's self-participation in exercise. Method: Participants within the 85th percentile or higher body mass index (BMI) values were enrolled. They were divided into either self-exercise group (n = 14) or control group (n = 14). Body composition and self-efficacy were measured before and after the 12 week intervention program. Results: Weight (P < 0.05) was significantly decreased after the exercise program. BMI and percentage of fat were also decreased but the decrease was not statistically significant. Percentage of skeletal muscle (P < 0.05) significantly increased after the exercise program compared to the pre program value. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01) significantly increased after the program and it showed significant positive correlations with height, skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle to weight ratio, but manifested significant negative correlation with %fat in all participants. Positive change in self-efficacy showed significant negative correlations with change in weight, BMI and fat mass among the control group. Conclusion: This study shows that voluntary participation exercise program may be a useful intervention method to improve weight, BMI, skeletal muscle mass, and selfefficacy in obese and overweight children. 연구배경: 비만아동과 정상아동을 비교하였을 때 비만아동이 정상아동보다 자기효능감이 통계적으로 유의하게낮다. 운동프로그램은 신체조성의 긍정적인 변화는 물론 객관적인 신체능력을 높임으로써 신체 능력에 대한 자기지각에 긍정적인 변화를 일으켜, 자기효능감을 발달시키는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 이에 자발적 운동참여 프로그램이 비만아동의 신체조성과 자기효능감에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아보았다. 방법: 비만아동을 대상으로 12주 동안 주 1회의 건강교육과 주1회의 운동교육 및 복합운동을 실시하였고, 운동일지를 통해 매일 자발적으로 실천해야 할 운동 과제를 주었다. 프로그램의 효과를 알아보고자 신체조성과 자기효능감을 프로그램 전․후로 측정하였다. 결과: 연구결과 자발적 운동참여 프로그램 후 체중, BMI, 골격근률, 자아존중감에서 유의한 변화가 나타났다. 또한 신체조성과 자아존중감과의 관계에서 체지방률이 자기효능감과 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 대조군의 자아존중감 변화량과 체중, BMI, 체지방량이 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 결론적으로 자발적 운동참여 프로그램이 비만아동의 체중, BMI, 골격근률, 자아존중감을 긍정적으로 변화시킴을 알 수 있었다. 또한 체중, BMI, 체지방량의 변화가 자아존중감의 변화에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다.

Sol-gel 법으로 제조된 polyimide-silica 복합막을 통한 CO₂와 CH₄의 투과특성

김현준,정지훈 경기대학교 산업기술종합연구소 2000 산업기술종합연구소 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

The effect of introduction of silica particles prepared by the sol-gel rocess on the gag transport properties of a polyimide membrane was tudied. The sorption and permeation of CO2 and CH4 were studied and orrelated with morphological changes in the polymer structure. From orption isotherms, the composite membrane showed higher solubility Coefficients than the polyimide one. The solubility coefficient ratio between the composite and polyimide is about 1.5-2.0. From Permeation experiments, the composite membrane showed higher Permeability coefficients than the polyimide one. The increase of Permeability coefficient appears to be the result of a solubility enhancement in the organic matrix of the composite rather than a diffusion enhancement in the voids at the polyimide-silica interphase.