Effects of Electric Cortical Stimulation (ECS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Rats With a Traumatic Brain Injury

Ki Pi Yu,윤용순,이진경,오지선,이정석,석태영,이한영 대한재활의학회 2018 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.42 No.4

Objective To evaluate the effects of electric cortical stimulation (ECS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor and cognitive function recovery and brain plasticity in focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) of rats model. Methods Forty rats were pre-trained to perform a single pellet reaching task (SPRT), rotarod test (RRT), and Y-maze test for 14 days, then a focal TBI was induced by a weight drop model on the motor cortex. All rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: anodal ECS (50 Hz and 194 μs) (ECS group), tDCS (0.1 mA, 50 Hz and 200 μs) (tDCS group), and no stimulation as a control group. Four-week stimulation, including rehabilitation, was started 3 days after the operation. SPRT, RRT, and Y-maze were measured from day 1 to day 28 after the TBI was induced. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry staining evaluations were performed at 4 weeks. Results SPRT was improved from day 7 to day 26 in ECS, and from day 8 to day 26 in tDCS compared to the control group (p<0.05). SPRT of ECS group was significantly improved on days 3, 8, 9, and 17 compared to the tDCS group. Y-maze was improved from day 8 to day 16 in ECS, and on days 6, 12, and 16 in the tDCS group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Y-maze of the ECS group was significantly improved on day 9 to day 15 compared to the tDCS group. The c-Fos protein expression was better in the ECS group and the tDCS group compared to the control group. Conclusion Electric stimulation in rats modified with a focal TBI is effective for motor recovery and brain plasticity. ECS induced faster behavioral and cognitive improvements compared to tDCS during the recovery period of rats with a focal TBI.

Development and Application of a Newly Designed Massage Instrument for Deep Cross-Friction Massage in Chronic Non-Specifi c Low Back Pain

윤용순,Ki-Pi Yu,이광재,Soo-Hyun Kwak,Jong Yun Kim 대한재활의학회 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.1

Objective To introduce a newly designed massage instrument, the Hand Grip T-bar (HT-bar) and use it to relieve chronic non-specifi c low back pain (nLBP) through deep cross-friction massage (roptrotherapy). Method 22 subjects (9 males and 13 females, aged 51.6±6.7) with chronic nLBP were allocated randomly to a Roptrotherapy group (n=12) and a Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) group (n=10). The Roptrotherapy group received deep cross-friction massage with the HT-bar, which was made of metal and had a cylinder for increasing weight and grooves for an easy grip. It was applied across the middle and lower back for 20minutes a day, 3 days a week for 2 weeks. Th e TENS group received TENS for 20 minutes a day, 5 days a week for 2weeks. Th e outcome was measured on the pain numeric rating scale (PNRS), by the Oswestry disability index (ODI),and by the Roland & Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) at pre-treatment, at immediate post-treatment and 2 weeks later. Th e application of the HT-bar was assessed by a questionnaire to 19 therapists. Results At post-treatment, immediately and 2 weeks later, both groups showed signifi cant improvement in PNRS,ODI and RMDQ. During the two weeks after post-treatment, however, the Roptrotherapy group improved in PNRS,ODI and RMDQ, but the TENS group did not. Over 80% of the therapists responded that the HT-bar was useful and comfortable. Conclusion Th is study suggests that deep cross-friction massage can be a benefi cial therapeutic technique and that the HT-bar can be a useful instrument in deep cross-friction massage for chronic nLBP patients.

The Effect of Electric Cortical Stimulation after Focal Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

Yoon, Yong-Soon,Yu, Ki Pi,Kim, Hyojoon,Kim, Hyoung-ihl,Kwak, Soo Hyun,Kim, Bong Ok Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.5

<P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To evaluate the effects of electric cortical stimulation in the experimentally induced focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model on motor recovery and plasticity of the injured brain.</P><P><B>Method</B></P><P>Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-trained on a single pellet reaching task (SPRT) and on a Rotarod task (RRT) for 14 days. Then, the TBI model was induced by a weight drop device (40 g in weight, 25 cm in height) on the dominant motor cortex, and the electrode was implanted over the perilesional cortical surface. All rats were divided into two groups as follows: Electrical stimulation (ES) group with anodal continuous stimulation (50 Hz and 194 µs duration) or Sham-operated control (SOC) group with no electrical stimulation. The rats were trained SPRT and RRT for 14 days for rehabilitation and measured Garcia's neurologic examination. Histopathological and immunostaining evaluations were performed after the experiment.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>There were no differences in the slice number in the histological analysis. Garcia's neurologic scores & SPRT were significantly increased in the ES group (p<0.05), yet, there was no difference in RRT in both groups. The ES group showed more expression of c-Fos around the brain injured area than the SOC group.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Electric cortical stimulation with rehabilitation is considered to be one of the trial methods for motor recovery in TBI. However, more studies should be conducted for the TBI model in order to establish better stimulation methods.</P>

The Effect of Electric Cortical Stimulation after Focal Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats

윤용순,Soo Hyun Kwak,Ki Pi Yu,Hyojoon Kim,Hyoung-Ihl Kim,김봉옥 대한재활의학회 2012 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.36 No.5

Objective To evaluate the effects of electric cortical stimulation in the experimentally induced focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model on motor recovery and plasticity of the injured brain.Method Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-trained on a single pellet reaching task (SPRT) and on a Rotarod task (RRT) for 14 days. Then, the TBI model was induced by a weight drop device (40 g in weight, 25 cm in height) on the dominant motor cortex, and the electrode was implanted over the perilesional cortical surface. All rats were divided into two groups as follows: Electrical stimulation (ES) group with anodal continuous stimulation (50 Hz and 194 ms duration) or Sham-operated control (SOC) group with no electrical stimulation. The rats were trained SPRT and RRT for 14 days for rehabilitation and measured Garcia’s neurologic examination. Histopathological and immunostaining evaluations were performed after the experiment.Results There were no differences in the slice number in the histological analysis. Garcia’s neurologic scores & SPRT were significantly increased in the ES group (p<0.05), yet, there was no difference in RRT in both groups. The ES group showed more expression of c-Fos around the brain injured area than the SOC group.Conclusion Electric cortical stimulation with rehabilitation is considered to be one of the trial methods for motor recovery in TBI. However, more studies should be conducted for the TBI model in order to establish better stimulation methods.

A New Instrument for Measuring Tibial Torsion in Pediatric Patients

전지현,윤용순,이광재,Ki Pi Yu,Jong Hoo Lee,Tae Yong Seog,EunJi Son 대한재활의학회 2017 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.41 No.3

Objective To develop and test the validity and reliability of a new instrument for measuring the thigh-foot angle (TFA) for the patients with in-toeing and out-toeing gait.Methods The new instrument (Thigh-Foot Supporter [TFS]) was developed by measuring the TFA during regular examination of the tibial torsional status. The study included 40 children who presented with in-toeing and out-toeing gaits. We took a picture of each case to measure photographic-TFA (P-TFA) in the proper position and to establish a criterion. Study participants were examined by three independent physicians (A, B, and C) who had one, three and ten years of experience in the field, respectively. Each examiner conducted a separate classical physical examination (CPE) of every participant using a gait goniometer followed by a TFA assessment of each pediatric patient with or without the TFS. Thirty minutes later, repeated in the same way was measured.Results Less experienced examiner A showed significant differences between the TFA values depending on whether TFS used (left p=0.003 and right p=0.008). However, experienced examiners B and C did not show significant differences. Using TFS, less experienced examiner A showed a high validity and all examiner’s inter-test and the inter-personal reliabilities increased. Conclusion TFS may increase validity and reliability in measuring tibial torsion in patients who has a rotational problem in lower extremities. It would be more useful in less experienced examiners.

Relationship Between HbA1c and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Stroke Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Jong Ho Choi,Ki Pi Yu,Yong-Soon Yoon,Eun Sil Kim,Ji Hyun Jeon 대한재활의학회 2016 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.40 No.5

Objective To investigate the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) in stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of stroke patients from January 2012 to December 2013. We reviewed 331 patients and included 200 in the analysis. We divided them into CRPS and non-CRPS groups and compared them by age, gender, stroke lesion, cause of stroke, duration of T2DM, HbA1c (%), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, affected shoulder flexor muscle strength, Fugl-Meyer Assessment score, motricity index, Functional Independence Measure, Korean version of Modified Barthel Index, blood glucose level on admission day, duration from stroke onset to HbA1c check, and duration from stroke onset to three-phase bone scan for CRPS diagnosis. Thereafter, we classified the patients into five groups by HbA1c level (group 1, 5.0%–5.9%; group 2, 6.0%–6.9%; group 3, 7.0%–7.9%; group 4, 8.0%–8.9%; and group 5, 9.0%–9.9%) and we investigated the difference in CRPS prevalence between the two groups.Results Of the 200 patients, 108 were in the CRPS group and 92 were in the non-CRPS group. There were significant differences in HbA1c (p<0.05) between the two groups but no significant differences in any other factors. Across the five HbA1c groups, there were significant differences in CRPS prevalence (p<0.01); specifically, it increased as HbA1c increased.Conclusion This study suggests that higher HbA1c relates to higher CRPS prevalence and thus that uncontrolled blood glucose can affect CRPS occurrence in stroke patients with diabetes.

중국 대련(大蓮)지역 일부 노인의 양생(養生)수준에 대한 평가

필감매,신창호,정선충,황유연,권소희,이기남,Pi, Chien-Mei,Shin, Chang-Ho,Jeong, Sun-Chung,Hwang, Yu-Yeon,Kwon, So-Hee,Lee, Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2006 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.10 No.1

This study was explore the level of Yangseng by certain elderly people in Dalian, china. The subject of this study is(randomly) selected Dalian residents over 65 years-old. We used a formultaed questionnaire for this research during the period from October 2004 to November. 266 subjects in total answered to the questionnaire. The analyses are as follows: 1. Man does more Exercise Yangseng than woman. Elderly with spouse has better Total of Yangseng, Exercise Yangseng, Seasonal Yangseng, Sex life Yangseng than single elderly. Compare to elderly living with family other than their spouse, single elderly has better Total of Yangseng, Diet Yangseng, Activities and rest Yangseng, Exercise Yangseng, Sex life yangseng. 2. Educated elderly has better life than illiterate in every aspects except Diet Yangseng and Seasonal Yangseng. Elderly who does not belive in any religion has better Activities and rest Yangseng and Seasonal Yangseng. Religious elderly has better sleep yangseng than irreligioius elderly. Elderly with occupation has better Total of Yangseng, Activities and rest Yangseng, Exercise Yangseng and Sex life Yangseng. 3. Elderly who support himself of the living expense has better Sleep Yangseng, and elderly who support himself with his sons and daughters has better Morality Yangseng, Exercise Yangseng, Seasonal Yangseng and Sex life Yangseng. Elderly who has time to spare has better life than elderly who has bo leisure in Total of Yangseng and other 8 sub-factors.

Diabetic Muscle Infarction in a Chronic Stroke Patient- A Case Report -

Yong-Soon Yoon,Jyul-Lee Choi,Ki-Pi Yu,Soo-Hyun Kwak,Jong-Yun Kim 대한재활의학회 2010 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.34 No.6

Diabetic muscle infarction is a rare complication of diabetes and is characterized by acute or subacute onset of painful and non-pitting swelling of the thigh or the calf, and rarely in the upper limbs. Diabetic muscle infarction and cerebral vascular accidents ocurr in patients with advanced diabetic complications. Painful swelling of the extremities is very common manifestation in patients with hemiplegia. Thus, early correct diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the underlying causes of painful swelling of the extremities are very important in these patients. We report a case of diabetic muscle infarction in a patient with hemiplegia, and suggest that diabetic muscle infarction should be considered as a disease of differential diagnosis for acute pain and swelling on the extremity.

UPLC를 이용한 잔류농약 다성분 동시분석 연구

김기유,엄미나,강정복,도영숙,문수경,정일형,손종성,피일선,박은미,김영수,이성봉,조상훈,문선애,Kim, Ki-Yu,Eom, Mi-Na,Kang, Jung-Bok,Do, Young-Suk,Moon, Su-Gyeong,Jung, Il-Hyeong,Son, Jong-Sung,Pi, Il-Seon,Park, Eun-Mi,Kim, Young-Su,Lee, Seong- 한국식품연구원 2008 食品技術 Vol.21 No.2

농산물 중 잔류농약을 보다 쉽고 효율적으로 분석 할 수 있는 다성분 동시분석 방법에 따라서 UPLC-PDA을 이용하여 기기조건에 따른 검출한계 및 정량한계를 식품별 최저 MRL과 비교하여 유효성을 알아보고 회수율을 통하여 방법의 재현성을 조사한 결과 다음과 같다. 41종의 농약에 대한 검량선은 직선성이 우수하였으며 검출한계 $0.005{\sim}0.109mg/kg$으로 나타났으며 정량한계 는 $0.018{\sim}0.363ppm$으로 나타났다. Cycloprothrin 등의 경우처럼 검출기의 감응도가 최저 MRL 기준을 초과하는 농약에 대한 보완으로는 검출감도가보다 우수한 UV 검출기 등의 병행 활용이 필요하다. 회수율에 따른 재현성은 쌀의 경우 첨가 농도 0.4 mg/kg 일때 $62.09{\sim}99.58%$로 편차범위는 $1.03{\sim}13.92%$ 얻을 수 있었다.

사업장 근로자의 심박동 변이도에 영향을 미치는 요인

서윤희(Yun Hui Seo),정채빈(Chai Bin Jeong),서명효(Myoung Hyo Seo),서종훈(Jong Hun Seo),유호달(Ho Dal Yu),필감매(Chien Mei Pi),이기남(Ki Nam Lee) 대한의료기공학회 2007 醫療氣功 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this research is to seek for efficient health maintenance device and to suggest desirable daily habit, based on the inquiry on interrelationship between workers’ daily lives and their heartbeat change level. The paper survey about general features, case history and daily habits was conducted on workers during medical examination in Jeollabukdo, and examined their change of heartbeat as well. The results of research deducted from data analysis are as follows; 1. There found very positive interrelations between time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis, and MHR and LF/HF ratio had negative connection with other analyses. 2. The recipient showed high time-domain analysis when they are younger, have worked shorter or have spouse, and it contributes to stable sympathetic nerve and parasympathetic nerve as it stimulates autonomic nervous system. 3. According to the result of frequency-domain analysis, recipients showed higher TP and LF when they are younger, and the highest HF when they are under 34.The level of VLF was higher for university graduates than the ones who finished high school. The recipients showed higher TP and HF when they don’t have spouse, and lower TP, LF and HF when they have worked longer. 4. The level of RMSSD and TSRD was high for the people who don’t have case history, and HF was high when they don’t have any disease in progress. 5. According to the result concerning correlation of daily habits with time-domain analysis and frequency-domain analysis, cigarette, alcohol and sleeping hours don’t affect heartbeat change, but the ones who regularly workout showed higher result in every analysis. It shows that the autonomic nervous system of recipients who regularly exercise response more actively. The result mentioned above suggests that the change of heartbeat is a direct index which shows the change of autonomic nervous system, and it depends on the exercise the most. Thus, workout is proved to be the best method in order for workers to take care of their health.