Effects of Pilger Rolling and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Ag-electroplated 304 Stainless Steel Tubes

Hyun Park,Woo‑Jin Lee,Jae‑Han Son,Han‑Kyun Shin,Sung‑Kyu Hong,Hyo‑Jong Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.8

We introduce a cost-effective method that combines electroplating with metal cold working processes to manufacture compositetubes with robust corrosion resistance. First, a 3-step electroplating process was developed to form an adhesive anduniform Ag coating on the outer wall of a 304 stainless steel tube. The process consisted of a Ni-strike step for removing thepassivation layer of the initial 304 tube, Cu deposition for smoothing the surface by adding a buffer layer, and Ag deposition. To reinforce the interfacial adhesion between the electroplated layers and the 304 tube and increase the area of the Ag coating,a pilger rolling or pilger rolling + heat-treatment process was performed after the Ag electroplating process. Scanningelectron microscopy of the composite tubes after each process indicated that the as-deposited Ag coating changed fromhaving a rough to smooth surface after only pilger rolling and with additional heat treatment. Electron backscatter diffractionanalysis of the microstructures and textures of the tubes revealed that dynamic recrystallization occurred extensively duringpilger rolling, resulting in the formation of a relatively defect-free grain structure without heat treatment. Furthermore,electrochemical polarization curves determined that the Ag-coated composite tubes are superior to the uncoated 304 tubein terms of corrosion resistance under Cl−atmosphere, owing to the formation of a AgCl passivation layer during testing. Surface analysis of the composite tubes suggests that the properties of the AgCl passivation layer are related to the grainsize of the Ag coating and the density of plastic-deformation-induced defects.

Application of Artificial Insemination Technology for Dairy Breeding in Mongolia

Hyun‐Tae Jo,Jong‐In Jin,Seong‐Su Kim,Byung‐Hyun Choi,Tumor Baldan,Jung‐Gyu Lee,Yun‐Shik Kim,Sam‐Churl Kim,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

This study was focused on improvement of milk production in Mongolia dairy industry by artificial insemination (AI) technology, of which was supported from ODA project of KOICA in Republic of Korea. The study was started from January 2009 to present and 3rd years in this year. So, all data, especially synchronization and pregnancy of dairy cows (Holstein) will be summarized in final result in this year. For synchronization, total 81 dairy cows selected from 4 private farms that were 38, 30, 8 and 5 in Undarmal milk, Onjin (Enkhbayer), Jargalant, and BRM School, respectively. All the dairy cows were injected intramuscular (IM) of 5 ml PGF2α in the vulva and detected estrus 2 to 3 days after PGF2α injection. Total 78 out of 81 dairy cows (96.3%) were detected estrus by only 1 time injection of PGF2α. The dairy cows that were induced estrus, inseminated with 0.5 ml dairy frozen semen by conventional AI techniques. The pregnancy diagnosis of the AI dairy cows was detected by uterus palpation after 60 days of insemination. Total 75 from 78 inseminated dairy cows (90.1%) were diagnosis pregnant. The estrus induction and pregnant rate were very effective using PGF2α injection and conventional AI techniques in Mongolia dairy cow. The results indicated that AI after estrus induction in Mongolia dairy cows could be applied to dairy breeding technology to improve the breeding efficiency and milk production.

Comparison of Hanwoo with Holstein of OPU derived Embryo and Offspring Production

Jong‐In Jin,Byung‐Hyun Choi,Seong‐Su Kim,Hyun‐Tae Jo,Il‐Keun Kong 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2011 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.1

The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparison of production efficiency of oocytes and OPU (ovum pick‐up) derived embryos of Hanwoo with Holstein. The OPU session of each species (6 cows) was carried out from the Hanwoo (106 sessions) and Holstein (114 sessions) at intervals of 3 4 days (2 times per week) for 3 months. Cumulus‐oocyte‐complexes (COCs) retrieved were classified into 4 grades by the status of oocyte cytoplasm and cumulus cells. The COCs collected were matured in vitro in TCM‐199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 mg/ml FSH and 1 mg/ml estradiol‐ 17β in 5% CO2 and over 99% humidity for 24 h. After 24 h co‐incubation with post‐thaw sperm, the presumed zygotes were cultured in CR1aa medium with 4 mg/ml BSA for 3 days and then changed CR1aa medium with 10% of FBS for another 3 4 days. The Mean number of aspirated follicles and collected oocytes were not significantly different between Hanwoo and Holstein spacies (10.4±0.42 vs. 11.4±0.41 and 7.5±0.38 vs. 6.1±0.37 per session). But the collection rate of oocytes from aspirated follicles were significantly higher in Hanwoo (72.8%) than that in Holstein (53.6%) (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the average number of good quality oocytes (Grade I and II) was 5.9±0.28 and 4.1±0.27 (Mean±SD), and the cleavage rate and the development rate to blastocysts was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Hanwoo (40.0%) than Holstein (21.6%). The OPU derived embryos of Hanwoo were transferred 83 times into 52 recipients and then 42 calves were produced from 44 pregnancy recipients. In conclusion, the efficiency of OPU derived embryo was significantly different between Hanwoo and Holstein species. In vitro culture system for OPU derived embryo production should be optimized for industrialization and the improvement of livestock.

아미노글리코사이드 사용제한에 따른 병원성 균혈증 유발 그람음성간균의 내성변화 및 임상적 의의

오종택,김신우,손종원,도병훈,한승우,신병철,박지현,이종명,김능수 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

목적 : 항균제 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 출현, 약물부작용의 발생 및 약제 비용의 증가는 환자 개인뿐만 아니라 사회적으로 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 항생제의 오남용을 막기 위한 제도의 일환으로 시행한 아미노글리코사이드 사용 제한정책의 비용 효과적인 측면을 조사하고 그람음성간균에 의해 병원성 균혈증이 발생한 환자들을 대상으로 이 정책이 항생제 내성률과 환자 사망률에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 방법 : 930병상 규모의 3차 병원인 일개 대학병원에서 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 직후인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 그람음성간균(Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia)에 의해 발생한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(실험군)과, 이 정책이 시행되기 전에 입원한 환자들 중 균주별로 같은 수만큼 선별한 병원성 균혈증 환자 60명(대조군)의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과 : 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한정책이 시행된 시기인 2002년 3월에서 9월 사이에 처방된 아미노글리코사이드 사용량 및 비용을 이 정책이 시행되기 전인 2001년 3월에서 9월 사이와 비교한 결과, 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량(antimicrobial utilization density)은 사용제한 후 225.2에서 130.3으로 42% 감소하였고 약제 비용은 44% 감소하였다. 아미노글리코사이드 사용제한 후 병원성 균혈증을 유발한 그람 음성간균의 이 항생제에 대한 내성률은 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 균혈증과 직접 연관된 사망률도 환자의 나이, 성별, 기저질환 및 원발병소 등을 보정할 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(40.4% vs. 24.1%, P=0.11). 결론 : 아미노글리코사이드를 5일을 초과한 사용 시 감염전문가의 사전 승인을 필요로 하는 사용제한정책은 아미노글리코사이드의 사용량과 비용을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 이 정책 시행 후 그람음성간균에 의한 균혈증 환자에서 균혈증으로 인한 사망률과 아미노글리코사이드에 대한 내성률은 유의한 차이가 없었다. Objective : To evaluate the effects of an aminoglycoside restriction policy on expenditures for aminoglycosides, antimicrobial resistance rates and clinical outcome of nosocomial bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Methods : Starting in February, 2002, a prior consultation with an infectious disease specialist for using aminoglycoside antibiotics over 5 days was required in a 930-bed university hospital. In retrospective analysis of medical records 7 months after initiation of the aminoglycoside restriction policy, sixty cases of clinically relevant nosocomial bacteremia caused by GNB were found. These bacteremic patients were compared with sixty, species-matched, control patients with nosocomial Gramnegative bacteremia before the policy for total expenditures for aminoglycosides, susceptibility to antibiotics and clinical outcomes of bacteremia. Results : During the same period of 7 months before and after the restriction policy, total expenditures for aminoglycosides decreased by 44% in cost (from 465,030,841 Won to 259,618,337 Won) and the antimicrobial utilization density of aminoglycosides decreased by 42% (from 225,2 to 130.3). On the other hand, the patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and bacteremia-related in-hospital mortality rates after the policy did not show a significant change, compared with those before the policy. Conclusion : Antibiotic restrictions are among the most popular methods to diminish the practice of antibiotic overuse in hospitals. In this study, requirement for prior approval of aminoglycoside use over 5 days led to a significant decrease in the amount and cost of total aminoglycosides without a significant change in susceptibility patterns and bacteremia-related mortality rates.

한국의 정신분열병 외래 환자의 직ㆍ간접비용

박종익,송선희,서동우,장현종,이종국,장안기,김윤,이철,홍진표 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 외래 환자의 직접 비용과 간접 비용을 추산해 보고, 의료 자원의 적절한 운용과 효과적인 배분을 위한 보건 정책의 기초자료로 사용하고자 한다. 방 법 : 정신분열병 진단을 받은 289명의 환자를 대상으로 6개월간 외래를 방문하면서 사용한 의료비와 시간을 조사하여 직접 비용을 추산하였고, 이 기간 동안 소실된 생산성을 간접 비용으로 환산하였다. 만성질환인 관상동맥 질환을 앓고 있는 환자 82명을 대조군으로 하여 비용을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 정신분열병 환자의 실업률은 72.1%였으며, 직장을 가지고 있는 경우에도 단순노무직의 비율이 64.5%로 매우 높았다. 정신분열병의 직접 비용은 평균 81.5만원으로 관상동맥 질환의 평균 71.5 만원보다 상대적으로 많이 추산되었으나 유의하지는 않았다. 간접 비용은 평균 645.6만원, 258.9 만원으로 정신분열병군이 2.5배 정도 높았다. 결 론 : 정신분열병은 다른 만성질환에 비하여 상대적으로 매우 고비용이 요구되는 질환이며, 보다 체계적인 비용의 추산을 통하여 양질의 정신 보건 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 토대가 마련되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : We have aimed to estimate the direct and indirect costs of treating out-patients with schizophrenia in Korea, to use this fundamental data for the effective management and proper distribution of the medical resource. Method : To estimate the direct cost, we surveyed the medical cost and time of two hundred and eighty-nine out-patients with schizophrenia for six months. And the lost productivity as many months was converted into the indirect cost. Those of eighty-two coronary heart disease patients were also estimated as a comparison group. Results : An unemployement rate of schizophrenic patients was 72.1 percent. Moreover the ratio of the laborer in the sample was, even if employed, 64.5 percent. The mean direct cost of schizophrenic patients was, about 815,000 won, higher than that of coronary heart disease, 715,000 won however it was not statistically significant. The former was also estimated 2.5 times more than the latter for the indirect cost, or 6,456,000 won versus 2,589,000 won. Conclusion : Schizophrenia is a relatively costly illness compared to other chronic illness, so the systematic estimation of the cost is necessary to provide mental health service of high quality.

관상동맥질환의 중증도와 혈중지질치 및 아포지단백과의 상관관계

임현주,황종현,류재근,정병천,조용근,채성철,전재은,박의현 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1997 慶北醫大誌 Vol.38 No.1

목적 : 관상동맥질환의 위험인자로서 혈청지질 및 혈장 지단백에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고 또 아포지단백이 관상동맥 질환을 일으키는데 다른 지질보다 더 중요하다는 연구가 많이 발표되고 있으나 우리나라에서는 아포지단백에 대한 연구가 그리 많지 않은 편이다. 이에 저자등은 혈중지질치와 새로운 위험인자로 알려지고 있는 아포지단백치를 측정하고 이들과 관상동맥질환 중증도와의 상관 관계를 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 : 관상동맥질환이 의심되어 관상동맥조영술을 실시한 69명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 12시간 이상 공복후 혈청을 채취하여 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, HDL-콜레스테롤, 아포지단백 AI (ape AI), 아포지단백 B (ape B)를 측정하였다. 관상동맥조영상 50%이상의 협착이 있는 혈관의 수 (lesion number), 최대협착을 합한 값 (lesion score), 각 분절의 최대협착을 합한 값 (total score), 가장 심한 협착 값 (peak stenosis) 등으로 관상동맥 중증도를 알아본 다음 이들과 혈청지질치, 아포지단백과의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았다. 상관 관계는 Spearman's correlation coefficient를 구하였다. 결과 : 관상동맥질환의 중증도와 각 지질치 간의 상관 관계를 비교해 보았을때 lesion number와 관계있는 것은 연령 (r=0.2789), 중성지방치 (r=0.2829)이며 lesion score와 관계있는 것은 연령(r=0.2911), 중성지방치0 (r=0.3316), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2361), apo B 치(r=0.2759), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (-0.3154)로 나타났다. Total score는 연령 (r=0.3100), 총콜레스테롤치 (r=0.2452), 중성지방치 (r=0.3022), 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비 (r=0.2770), apo B치 (r=0.2927), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3408)와 연관이 있었고 peak stenosis는 중성지방 치(r=0.3305), ape B 치 (r=0.2968), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3977)와 관계가 있었다. 연령으로 조정하여 partial correlation을 좌면, 관상동맥조영술상 중증도는 중성지방치 (r=0.3408), apo B 치(r=0.2877), apo AI과 apo B의 비 (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다. 이중 ape AI과 ape B의 비는 lesion score (r=-0.2640), total score (r=-0.3057), peak stenosis (r=-0.3460)와 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 보아 apo B치 그리고 apo AI과 apo B의 비가 관상동맥 중증도의 예견인자로 다른 혈중 지질 치보다 더 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : Recently, it was reported that the measurements of apolipoprotein levels may be valuable in the clinical assessment of coronary artery disease severity. However there are a few reports regarding to the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoprotein levels in Korea. Thus, we measured serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels and studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and serum lipids and apolipoproteins levels. Subjects and Methods : The 69 patients who underwent coronary angiography to evaluate chest pain were subjected to this study. We measured the levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein AI(apo AI) and apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and measured the severity of coronary artery disease by lesion number, lesion score, total score and peak stenosis. Then, we studied the relationship between coronary artery disease severity and apolipoproteins and calculated the correlation coefficient. Results : The results were as follows. There are significant correlation(r=0.3) between age, triglycerides, apo B levels, apo AI/B ratio and coronary artery disease severity. In controlling for age, tyiglycerides, apo B levels and apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with coronary artery disease severity. Especially, apo AI/B ratio shows significant correlation(r=0.3) with lesion number, total score and peak stenosis. Conclusion : These results suggest that the apo B levels and the ratio of apo AI/B can be used as significant independent predictor for coronary artery disease severity rather than other serum lipid levels.

1998년과 2007년 사이 12∼13세 남녀 청소년의 체격, 골격성숙도, 체력 비교

송종국(Jong Kook Song),채서연(Seo Yeon Chae),채주희(Joo Hee Chae),김현배(Hyun Bae Kim),강효정(Hyo Jung Kang) 한국사회체육학회 2008 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.34

The purpose of the present investigation was to compare physique, skeletal maturation and physical fitness in Korean adolescents measured between 1998 and 2007. Subjects participated in the study were a total of 473 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 13 years. In 1998, 349 adolescents were selected from a middle school, located in Sungnam city and 124 middle school students aged 12-13, located in Yongin city were participated in 2007. All measurements were conducted by one of the reseachers (Jong-Kook Song) with two different group of investigators between 1998 and 2007. Anthropometric characteristics were body mass, body height, sitting height, circumferences taken at sites of upper arm, flexed upper arm, chest, waist, hip, thigh, and calf, bone breadth taken at the sites of humerus, and femur, skinfold thicknesses taken at the sites of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and medial calf. Skeletal maturity was assessed by TW3 (Tanner et al., 2001). Maturity scores for Radius-Ulna-Short bones (RUS) and bone age were calculated. Physical fitness parameters included flamingo balance, sit and reach, grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump, bent arm hang, 50m shuttle run and multi-stage shuttle run. All data were analyzed by SAS Enterprise 3.0. Means and standard deviations were calculated by descriptive statistics. Independent t-test was applied to compare dependent variables between measurements. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results of the study showed that male adolescents aged 12-13years in 2007 had significantly higher (p<0.0001) femur diameter than adolescents in 1998. Male adolescents in 2007 had higher (p<0.05) chest, waist and calf circumferences than those of adolescents in 1998. Although no difference were found for RUS and bone age in males adolescents between 1998 and 2007 female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed for their skeletal maturity level compared to female adolescents in 1998. For physical fitness parameters male adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed better for flamingo balance (p<0.01), and 50m shuttle run (p<0.05) than those of adolescents in 1998. However, stand long jump and bent arm hang were significantly decreased in male adolescents in 2007. Female adolescents aged 12-13 years in 2007 had significantly higher flamingo balance, but female adolescents aged 12 years in 2007 performed significantly less for standing long jump (p<0.0001), bent arm hang (p<0.001) and speed (p<0.05) than those of female adolescents in 1998. In conclusions this study suggest that chest circumference for both male and female adolescents in 2007 was significantly higher than those in 1998. Skeletal maturity for female adolescents in 2007 were significantly delayed compared to female adolescents in 1998. Further study is needed to evaluate consistent various.

경찰관의 운동참여에 따른 직무 Stress와 직무만족에 관한 연구

김종달, 남덕현, 이한경, 반종진 용인대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.10 No.1

This study is for the purpose of examining effects related to duty stress & duty satisfaction due to Police of officers' Physical exercise participation, helping more efficient duty Performance, and positive self-formation. Furthermore, providing basic data that can be helpful to the improvement of police duty. The objects of the study were police officers who were taking part in education program in Police Comprehensive Academy, and the number of police officers who answered the questionnaire is 356 police officers, but data used for real analyzation consist of 300 police officers. The tools for the study were based on Ivancevich's duty stress model in order to measure stress. And also questionnaire used on Kim yoon hee, Kim mae ja, Jo kyung soon, Lee hart kyung's study was used as a complementary tool. The instrument for measuring duty satisfaction rate was developed by Paula. And I used the instrument based on questionnaire that was used by Ko hee soon, Park ki hyung, Kim bum sik, Lee jong kil, Lim bun jang, Jo young chang, Hackeman, Lawlar and Oldham's study. Data analysis is Processed statistically with SPSS/PC+, I Performed T-verification, ANOVA-verification in accordance with the purpose of study after getting the percentage and the real number in case of general characteristics of the objects, and examine an average and standard variation in case of duty satisfaction and duty stress rate. And I set an err rate to 0.5. I verificated co-relation between stress and duty satisfaction with Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The result of the study is as follows, The first, among sociological characteristic and external factor of duty satisfaction, The married is more significant statistically(p< .01, p<.05) compared to the unmarried in terms of compensation system and working condition , which are subfactor of duty satisfaction . In terms of the length of one's service, the longer service term one has the higher significance level one shows in compensation system, working condition, safety, and external factor which are sub-factors of duty satisfaction In terms of an academic background, one who graduated from a high school shows significance statistically only in working condition which is a subfactor of duty satisfaction compared to other people (p<0.5) The second, among sociological characteristic and internal factor of duty satisfaction, the married is more significant statistically(P<.05) compared to the unmarried in terms of achievement which is a subfactor of duty satisfaction. In terms of age the older one shows higher significance level in stability which is a subfactor of duty satisfaction compared to younker one(p<.05) In terms of the length of one's service the longer service term one has ,the higher significance level one shows(p<.01, p<.05). The third, in terms of duty stress due to sociological variable, the married is more significant statistically(p<.05) in case of stress stems from police duty than the unmarried Interms of age, welfare and duty stress are significant statistically(P<.05) Interms of the length of one's service, police's work is significant statistically(P<.05). One who graduated from junior college is significant statistically in police's work, welfare, stress and gets a lot of stress in personal relations(p<.05). The forth, groups participating in exercise are more significant statistically in stability(p<.001), feeling of stability(P<.001), achievement(p<.001), internal factor(p<.01), external factor(p<.05) than croups not Participating in exercise. The fifth, groups participating in exercise are more significant statistically only in personal management than groups not participating in. The sixth co-relation between duty satisfaction and duty stress is r=-0.3814, (P<.001) ,which shows opposite co-relation. so, a result the more stress one has, the lower duty satisfaction he gets.

민간투자 사업시행자 선정절차 모델 개발

한현종,황지선,신종현,이찬식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

Since「the Act on Private Participation in Infrastructure(PPD)」was established in 1998, a number of projects have been procured by private-sector-initiatived system for infrastructure development. However, there are many shortcomings in the procedure of selecting project promoter for the domestic-PPI projects due to deficient regulations, lack of investment appetites, necessary skills and experiences, etc. An improved promoter selection procedure is necessary to select a competent project promoter and to foster participation of the private party. The purpose of this study is to suggest a procedural model for selecting competent project promoter. This model was made by comparing our regulations and procedures with foreign nation's. The suggested model is comprised of PQ, two phased evaluation system for proposals. To manage the overall procedure well, an involvement of professional "project promoter selection team" would be highly recommended.

3,1운동 표상의 문화정치학: 해방기~대한민국 건국기의 3,1운동 표상을 중심으로

정종현 ( Jong Hyun Jung ) 한민족문화학회 2007 한민족문화연구 Vol.23 No.-

근대 한국민족의 탄생에 결정적인 영향을 준 사건인 3·1운동은 해방기 새로운 민족국가(nation) 형성에 대한 각 정파의 구상에 따라 다르게 담론화되었고, 그 표상 또한 상이하였다. 우파는 3·1운동을 민족저항사의 정점으로 하는 우파적 민족주의 내러티브를 주조하였다. 박종화의 민족 , 청춘승리 등은 그 좋은 사례인데, 이 소설들을 통해서 동학, 독립협회, 3·1운동, 광주학생운동으로 이어지는 민족저항사가 서사화된다. 이 과정에서 이승만을 중심으로 하는 단독정부 수립이라는 우파 민족주의 이데올로기가 정당화되고 있다. 한편 좌파는 안회남의 「농민의 비애」, 「폭풍의 역사」등의 소설을 통해서 확인할 수 있듯이, 3·1운동 의 주도세력을 농민, 노동자 등의 계급적 주체로 규정하며 `민족`이라는 동일자를 계급적 범주에 기반하여 재편하고 있다. 이는 이후 북한의 3·1운동 표상으로 이어진다. 1948년 대한민국이 건국되면서 단독정부 수립파가 만들었던 3·1운동 표상이 확대 재생산되면서 통일적인 표상체계를 갖추어 나가게 된다. 3·1정신은 계급과 성별을 떠난 민족 전체의 총의를 모았던 탈이념적 민족공동체의 정신으로 소환된다. 또한, 이전의 이데올로기적 균열을 봉합하는 기호로서 `유관순`이라는 `聖`처녀가 이 표상체계의 중심으로 대두한다. The March 1st Movement has been regarded as the largest national resistance movement during Japanese Imperialism which made a profound impact on the birth of modern Korean nationalism. In the era of liberation, a range of political factions made this movement into different discourses in which the representations also varied accordingly. That is, the two kinds of representations and narratives that came from the right wing groups and the left wing groups differed and further more competed against each other in the process of conceiving and constructing `we(nation-state)`. Rightists coined the narratives of rightist nationalism in which the March 1st Movement was represented as a peak point in the history of national resistance. Such narratives include novels like Park Jong-Hwa`s Min-Jok and Chung-Chun-Seung-Ri where a stream of Donghak, Dongniphyeophwoi, the March 1st movement and Gwangju haksang undong became a consistent narrative containing a whole history of national resistance movement. Especially it is notable that the rightist nationalism ideology was being justified in these narratives, by supporting the establishment of a separate government in South Korea by Lee Seung-Man. In contrast, the leftists tried to reorganize the term, `nation` based on the class category by identifying the leading forces of the March 1st Movement as the class subjects including farmers and working class. Their view points led to the representations of the movement in North Korea. Novels like Ahn Hee-Nam`s Sorrow of Farmers and History of Storms embodied such perspective. From 1948 when Daehanminguk was established, the representations that rightists, especially the group supporting a separate government, had composed, gradually developed into a steady and whole representational system. The spirit of the March 1st Movement in the first Constitution was summoned as the essence of a national community which was beyond any ideologies and stood for the whole nation regardless of classes and genders. In addition, Yu Gwan Soon, a saint virgin, emerged as a sign seaming former ideological fissures. In this regards, it is thought that the representations of the March 1st Movement can be key codes which make us decode the complicated contexts in which both Koreas constructed their separate societies depending on their own historical backgrounds.