Layer-by-Layer Doping of Few-Layer Graphene Film

Gü,neş,, Fethullah,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Biswas, Chandan,Han, Gang Hee,Kim, Eun Sung,Chae, Seung Jin,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Young Hee American Chemical Society 2010 ACS NANO Vol.4 No.8

<P>We propose a new method of layer-by-layer (LbL) doping of thin graphene films. Large area monolayer graphene was synthesized on Cu foil by using the chemical vapor deposition method. Each layer was transferred on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate followed by a salt-solution casting, where the whole process was repeated several times to get LbL-doped thin layers. With this method, sheet resistance was significantly decreased up to ∼80% with little sacrifice in transmittance. Unlike samples fabricated by topmost layer doping, our sample shows better environmental stability due to the presence of dominant neutral Au atoms on the surface which was confirmed by angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sheet resistance of the LbL-doped four-layer graphene (11 × 11 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) was 54 Ω/sq at 85% transmittance, which meets the technical target for industrial applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2010/ancac3.2010.4.issue-8/nn1008808/production/images/medium/nn-2010-008808_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn1008808'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Introduction and application of a composite insect trap for the National Ecosystem Survey of Korea

Han Yong‐Gu,Hong Eui jeong,Kim Do‐Sung,Kim Chulgoo,Cha Jin Yeol 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.10

This study aimed to establish the best applicable method for the National Ecosystem Survey (NES) guidelines by (i) verifying the efficiency of an insect trap that combined the Malaise trap, flight intercept trap, and pitfall trap (MFP trap) as part of the improvement for the terrestrial insect field in the fifth NES, and (ii) comparing the result with the currently used Malaise trap and pitfall trap (MP traps). We found that the efficiency of attaining species diversity was much higher with the added flight intercept trap function than the current Malaise trap alone for flying insect collection. For collecting ground insects, the efficiency of attaining species diversity of the pitfall trap from the MFP trap was lower than that from the MP trap. Besides, the Malaise trap of the MP trap showed superior efficiency than that of the MFP trap in species diversity. The results suggested that modification, supplementation, and re‐testing should be performed by analyzing various factors such as the trap material, barrier size, capturing container inlet, and mesh size, with consideration of the design of the current Malaise trap. Therefore, in survey‐based research, which aims at identifying insects species diversity and inhabiting status—such as the NES, it is necessary to introduce the MFP trap with the flight intercept trap function added to the Malaise trap function, and for the pitfall trap function of the MFP trap, it can be operated as a separate trap from the MFP trap.

위전절제술 후 Kim 's Tie 부근 공장에 국소 재발한 위암환자 1예

배병구,서병조,유항종,강윤경,김진복,Bae Byung-Gu,Suh Byoung-Jo,Yu Hang-Jong,Kang Yun-Kyung,Kim Jin-Pok 대한위암학회 2005 대한위암학회지 Vol.5 No.1

위암은 국내에서 발생 빈도가 가장 높은 암으로서 근치적 절제술 및 확대 영역 림프절 절제술의 도입과 더불어 술후 보조 항암화학요법 및 면역요법 등의 이용으로 최근 치료성적의 향상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 수술적 치료를 포함한 치료법의 발전에도 불구하고 다양한 형태의 재발을 경험하게 되고, 대부분의 재발은 3년 이내에 일어난다. 재발양상으로는 크게 국소재발, 원격재발, 복막재발 등이 있으며, 여러 가지 재발양상이 한꺼번에 보이는 경우도 있다. 이 중 국소재발의 호발 부위로는 림프절($48\%$), 문합부($32\%$, 잔존 위($20\%$)의 순으로 보고되고 있다. 증례: 51세의 여자 환자로 1999년 10월 진행성 위암으로 근치적 위전절제술을 시행 받았고, 당시 병기는 T3N1M0(IIIa,AJCC 1997)이었다. 수술 후 10회의 보조적 정맥 주사용 항암화학요법 및 경구용 항암화학요법을 2년간 실시하였고, 외래를 통한 추적검사상 약 5년간 재발을 보이지 않았으나 2004년 9월 시행한 내시경상 Kim's tie 부근공장에서 궤양성 병변을 발견하고 조직검사를 시행, 병리학적으로 낮은 분화도를 보이는 인환 세포암종 형태의 위선암 재발로 진단하고 수술을 시행하였다. 수술 방법은 Kim's tie 위치를 포함해 근위부 6.5 cm, 원위부 4 cm의 절제연을 두고 공장부분 절제술을 시행하였다. 수술 당시 다른 복부장기로 전이는 없었으며 전이성 복수도 없었다. 수술 후 별다른 합병증 없이 회복하였으며 보조 항암화학요법 제제로써 TS-1을 사용하며 외래 통한 추적검사 중이다. Despite improvements in the surgical treatment of gastric adenocarcinomas, the recurrence rates remain high in patients with advanced-stage disease. Most of the recurrence occurs within 3 years of the surgical resection, and nearly $90\%$ of the patients with recurrence die within 2 years of the diagnosis of recurrence. A recent study analyzed recurrence patterns for patients who had undergone a potentially curative gastrectomy. For those patients, $33\%$ of the recurrences involved locoregional sites, $44\%$ the peritoneum, and $38\%$ distant sites. A 51-year-old female patient was diagnosed with stomach cancer and underwent a total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection during Oct. 1999. The pathologic report indicated a T3N1M0 tumor. We performed immunochemotherapy for 2 years with regular follow up. A gastrofiberscopic examination done during sep. 2004, cancer recurrence was found at the Kim's tie site of the jejunual loop. We did an abdominal exploration and a segmental resection of cancer site with pathologically negative resection margins. After the operation, we started secondary chemotherapy with TS-1.

전기화학적 방법을 이용한 수소제거에 관한 연구

박창규,김재홍,김정구,안승호,박진석,김종성,진태은 대한금속재료학회 2005 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mitigation on the low alloy steel was studied using electrochemical technique. This method can be applied to reduce HE susceptibility. Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) characteristics of the low alloy steel was investigated in aerated and deaerated borate buffer solution (0.3M H₃BO₃ + 0.074M N₂B_(4)O_(7), pH 8.4). The electrochemical properties of the low alloy steel showed passive behavior in this environment. By performing galvanostatic and potentiostatic test, hydrogen was charged and discharged to specimens respectively. By applying the potential of +630 mV_(SCE), the accumulated hydrogen was eliminated electrochemically. A specimen discharged for 24h indicated the efficiency of the hydrogen discharge up to 99.9%. Slow strain rate tests (SSRT) results showed that a specimen with higher hydrogen concentration revealed inferior mechanical properties such as shorter time to fracture, lower elongation, ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values. Furthermore, SEM fractographs revealed that the higher the hydrogen concentration is, the more probable the features of brittle fracture are. (Received July 26, 2004)

옥수수 播種期와 地上部形質에 관한 硏究

金鎭淇,崔京求,白南赫,陳星桂 全北大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

全北 平野地인 裡里地方에서 옥수수의 播種期와 地上部生育 및 種實收量과의 관계를 調査하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 播種期의 早晩이 莖葉의 生育 및 種實收量에 크게 영향을 끼치며 播種이 늦어질수록 出雄, 出絲, 生育日數가 짧아지고 地上部生育은 떨어지는 경향이다. 2. 莖葉生育은 4月 20日 播種을 基點으로, 種實收量은 5月 5日 播種을 基點으로 各各 減少되었다. 3. 地上部諸形質과 種實收量간에는 高度의 正의 相關이 인정되며 種實增收를 위하여는 莖葉生育은 크게 할 필요가 있다. Some results were gained through the experiment that was carried out with a single cross cultivar, Suweon 19, of maize (Zea mays L.) in Iri, the Jeonbug plain area, in 1980, to check relationships between growth characters at different sowing dates. 1. The foliage growth and grain yield were greatly influenced with planting season. The number of days to tasseling, silking, or maturing shortened and the growth of maize decreased as sowing was delayed. 2. The threshold sowing date for foliage production seemed to be April 20 and that for grain yield, May 5. 3. Highly significant positive correlation existed between vegetative growth and grain yield. This may mean that increasing vegetative growth is prerequisite to better grain yield.

摩擦電氣에 關한 實驗器具 開發

金容福,姜鎭求 공주대학교 사범대학 과학교육연구소 1992 과학교육연구 Vol.23 No.1

As a result, three kinds of new and effective laboratory apparatus were developed. They are as follows: 1. THE APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE QUANTITY OF FRICTIONAL ELECTRICITY This is the device that can be used for measuring the quantity of electricity of the objects with electric charge. Using the apparatus, we can easily measure the quantity of frictional electric charge in unit area (coulomb/㎠). 2. THE APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE BY THE PROBE This is the device theat can oberve the electric discharge which occurs between the objects with electric charge and the probe. Using the apparatus, we can understand that lightning strikes are electrical phenomena, and that disasters from them can be prevented or avoided. 3. THE APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGE. This is the device that can be used for measuring the distribution of electric charge, especially of the frictional electricity distribution on insulators.

요하지통 환자에서 두 개의 캐눌라를 이용한 박동성 고주파 신경근 응고술의 임상 연구

김천숙,배재영,배덕구,강규식,안기량,권진형,김지은,유시현 순천향의학연구소 2003 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.9 No.1

Dorsal root ganglion(DRG) block by the local anesthetics and steroids which has done classically in low back pain(LBP) patients with radiculopathy has high incidence of recurrence rate and side effects of steroids. Recently a new technique of pulsed radiofrequency thermocoagulation(P-RFTC) was introduced and substituted for it because of the benefits such as relatively low recurrence rate, low risk of nerve injury and comfort during the procedure. We experienced 15 patients who had LBP with radiculopathy and no or little response to epidural steroid injection. When we performed DR ganglionotomy by P- RFTC under the C-arm guide in these patients, we tried to approach the exact DR ganglion using tow cannulas - the one for obtaining patient's subjective symptoms and injection of contrast dye, the other for making a RF lesioning after identifying the impedance of sensory and motor stimulation. In conclusion, DR ganglionotomy by P- RFTC using two cannulas in LBP patients is an easy and safe procedure with satisfactory results.

산재보상제도의 유형에 대한 연구 : 원인주의와 결과주의의 대립을 중심으로

김진구 한국사회복지연구회 2003 사회복지연구 Vol.22 No.-

본 연구는 산재보상제도의 변화를 원인주의로부터 결과주의로의 변화과정으로 파악터고 다양한 형태를 검토하고 있다. 산재보상제도는 국가와 고용주의 가부장적인 개입형태인 고용주책임제도에 그 기원을 두고 있으나, 전후 복지국가의 발달과 함께 결과주의를 지향하는 사회보장제도로 변화되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 과정은 국가에 따라 매우 다양하게 전개되고 있는데, 본 연구는 이를 사회보장제도 완전통합형(네덜란드), 일반재해보험형(뉴질랜드와 스위스), 의료보장통합형(스웨덴, 영국 등), 산재보험독립형(독일, 프랑스 등), 의료보장 부재형(한국) 등으로 구분하여 비교검토하고 있다. 전세계적인 결과주의적 경향은 한국 산재보험제도에 있어 기대하기 힘든데, 이는 이러한 방향이 산재보험제도의 내재적 측면이라기보다는 전체 사회보장와의 연계 속에 이루어지는 과정이기 때문이다. 따라서 한국 산재보험제도의 선진화에 있어 의료보장제도를 비롯한 한국 사회보장체계의 전반적인 선진화가 중요한 핵심변수라고 할 수 있다. This study has a viewpoint that the development of worker’s compensation programs means the introduction of “the principle of finality” as benefits entitlements, of which main stream was “the principle of causality” in starting periods of welfare states. Worker’s compensation programs origined from paternalistic employer liability systems, but incorporated into general social security systems so called “Welfare State”. The types of the incorporation were very different. This study compares five types of incorporation of worker’s compensation into general social security system: comprehensive incorporation(Netherland), general accident insurances(New Zealand and Swiss), incorporation into health care system(Sweden and U.K etc), maintenances of employment injury insurances(Germany and France etc), absence of sickness benefits systems(South Korea). International trends to causal principle could not emerge easily in Korean employment injury insurances, underdevelopment of general social security systems including health cares is a cause of pessimistic prediction. In this sence, the development of social security systems in general is the Key factor of the development of social security systems in general is the key factor of the development of Korean employment injury insurances.

「농업 이해」과목 교과서 학습 내용의 대학수학능력시험 출제 경향 및 주요 특성 분석

김진구 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 「농업 이해」 과목 교과서 학습 내용의 대학수학능력시험 출제 경향 및 주요 특성을 분석하여, 대학수학능력시험 출제 방향의 시사점 모색과 평가적 관점에서 교과서 학습 내용의 문제점을 진단할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 있었다. 이를 위하여 이 연구에서는 「농업 이해」 과목의 교육과정 및 교과서 내용 분석과 한국교육과정평가원 주관으로 시행되었던 2005~2008학년도 모의평가 및 대학수학능력시험의 개별 문항들에 대한 문항 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 출제 빈도에 따른 교과서 학습 내용의 주요 특성 및 이유 등에 관한 내용들을 심도 있게 파악하고자, 유의 표집 방법을 통해 문항 개발 전문가 18명을 선정한 후, 이들을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결과로부터 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 「농업 이해」 과목의 교과서 내용 체계 및 학습 내용에 있어 단원 간 학습 내용의 중복 및 교육과정상의 학습 내용 범위 축소, 최근의 학문적 동향이나 관련 내용 등에 대한 시의 적절한 반영 미홉 등의 문제점이 발견되었다. 둘째, 「농업 이해」 과목의 총 133개 교과서 학습 내용 중 19개의 학습 내용은 10번 이상 언급될 정도로 출제 빈도 측면에서 상대적으로 중요하게 다루어졌다. 반면에 30개의 학습 내용은 한 번도 출제되지 않았고, 38개의 학습 내용 또한 불과 1~3번 밖에 출제되지 않을 정도로 출제 빈도가 매우 낮았다. 셋째, 출제 빈도가 높았던 교과서 학습 내용들은 교육과정 상의 중요성, 과목 성격상의 타당성, 학문·이론적인 객관성과 같은 내용 자체의 특성과 더불어 문항 소재 발굴의 수월성, 평가 내용 통합의 용이성과 같은 문항 개발 자체의 수월성 요건을 동시에 갖추고 있었다. 넷째, 전혀 출제되지 않았거나 출제 빈도가 매우 낮았던 교과서 학습 내용들은 핵심 개념 및 내용의 부재, 교육과정상 중요성이 낮음, 타 과목과의 학습 내용 중복 등과 같은 평가 내용으로서의 타당성 문제와 더불어 학문·이론적 객관성 결여, 주관·편향적 시각의 개입, 다의적 해석의 기능 등과 같은 학습 내용의 정확성 및 공정성 문제들을 내포하고 있었다. 한편 이와 같은 연구 결과에 기초하여 이 연구에서는 향후 「농업 이해」 과목 교과서 학습 내용 개선과 관련하여 고려해야 할 사항과 더불어, 출제 방향 및 평가 내용 선정이나 문항 개발 시 유의해야 할 사항, 학교 현장의 교수·학습 방법 등에 관한 내용을 중심으로 제언하였다. The objectives of this study are to provide fundamental informations for the directions of developing question items and to diagnose the issues learning contents through analysis the tendency and the main characteristics of the CSAT on the learning contents of 「Understanding of Agriculture」 subject textbook. To achieve these purposes, I analyzed the 7th curriculum and the textbook contents of 「Understanding of Agriculture」 subject, 240 items of the preliminary CSAT and the main CSAT in the year 2004 to 2007. Also in an attempt to understand main characteristics of the learning contents of 「Understanding of Agriculture」 subject textbook based on the frequency of the test items, I selected and surveyed 18 test item developers through purposive sampling method. The results are as follows ; First, there were too many overlapping learning contents among the chapters. Also, the range of learning contents mentioned in the 7th curriculum was partially diminished. And, the recent academic trends and related contents that correspond to the evaluation objectives were not reflected in the textbook appropriately. Second, among the total 133 learning contents of 「Understanding of Agriculture」 subject textbook, 19 learning contents mentioned more than ten times were considered to be relatively important. However, other 30 learning contents were not mentioned at all and another 38 learning contents were presented not more than one to three times. Third, the learning contents presented frequently were mostly equipped with excellence in developing test items such as discovering test materials, integrating test contents as well as the characteristics of contents concerning the importance in curriculum, the content validity, the academic and theoretical objectivity. Fourth, the learning contents not mentioned at all or mentioned a few were low validity of test contents in terms of the issues without core concepts and contents, somewhat relatively less important learning contents in terms of the 7th curriculum, overlapping learning contents among the other subjects. Also, there were great deal of contents that could be ambiguous, subjective, academically biased when mentioned as test contents. Based on the results of the above research, it is suggested that designing future upgraded textbook needs to be considered. Furthermore, the directions of developing question items and selecting the test contents as well as teaching and learning methodologies in the school field should be considered systematically.

운동 유발성 횡문근 융해를 동반한 요로결석 2례

허진,최원혁,조진혁,함영희,홍정범,정성규,김현,허동 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Two men were admitted to hospital with flank pain, hematuria, which was diagnosised as ureteral stone. Elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) without typical pattern of toxic hepatitis was observed. Careful history taking, several laboratory tests, abdominal and pelvis computered tomography was done. Findings from theses examinations supported the clinical diagnosis of ureteral stone complicated of exercised induced rabdomyolysis. Early recognization of rhabdomyolysis in clinical setting is important, because clinical manifestations have ranged from asymtomatic elevation of creatine kinase to acute renal failure which is a life threating medical emergency. Authors report two cases of exercised induced rhabdomyolysis initially admittied as ureteral stone managed with hydration