In-line 마그네트론 스퍼터 장치를 사용하여 산소 분위기에서 제작한 Ag 박막의 특성

구대영,김원목,조상무,황만수,이인규,정병기,이택성,이경석,조성훈,Ku, Dae-Young,Kim, Won-Mok,Cho, Sang-Moo,Hwang, Man-Soo,Lee, In-Kyu,Cheong, Byung-Ki,Lee, Taek-Sung,Lee, Kyeong-Seok,Cho, Sung-Hun 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.8

A study was made to examine the electrical, compositional, structural and morphological properties of Ag thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering in $O_2$ atmosphere with deposition temperature from room temperature to 15$0^{\circ}C$ using in-line sputter system. The Ag films deposited at temperature above $100^{\circ}C$ in oxygen atmosphere gave a similar specific resistivity to and even lower oxygen content than those deposited using pure Ar sputter gas The Ag films deposited with pure Ar gas was mainly composed of crystallites with [111] preferred orientation, while, for those deposited in oxygen atmosphere, more than 50% of the volume was composed of crystallites with [100] orientation. The difference in the micro structure did not cause any difference in the specific resistivity of Ag films. The results showed that the transparent conducting oxide films and the Ag films could be processed sequentially in the same deposition chamber with careful control of deposition temperature, which might result in a cost reduction for constructing the large scale in-line deposition system.

TiO₂와 Al₂O₃의 기상 VOCs 흡착 특성 평가 및 다양한 구조체로의 성형을 통한 열적 내구성 확보에 관한 연구

황인혁(In-Hyuck Hwang),이상문(Sang Moon Lee),김성수(Sung Su Kim) 한국청정기술학회 2018 청정기술 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구에서는 금속산화물 2종, TiO2 분말과 Al₂O₃ 분말을 이용하여 건식 조건에서의 기상 VOCs 흡착 성능을 평가하였으며, BET분석과 암모니아 in-situ FT-IR 분석을 통해 비표면적, 표면 산점을 분석하고 성능과의 상관성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 TiO₂ 분말, Al₂O₃ 분말은 각각 317.6 ㎡ g<SUP>-1</SUP>, 64 ㎡ g<SUP>-1</SUP>의 비표면적을 갖으며, TiO₂ 분말의 경우 표면에 다수의 산점이 관찰되었다. 두 금속 산화물 분말을 이용하여 기상 VOCs 흡착 성능을 평가한 결과, 비표면적이 크고 다수의 산점을 보유한 TiO₂ 분말이 비교적 우수한 흡착 성능을 나타내었다. 특히 비표면적이 흡착성능에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되며, 산점에 의한 영향에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 요구된다. 우수한 흡착 성능을 나타낸 TiO₂를 기반으로 honeycomb, hollow fiber, disc의 성형체로 제조 한 결과, 분말보다 흡착 성능은 낮았으나 적용성 측면에서 유리하며 제조공정의 특성상 우수한 열적 내구성을 갖는 polymeric disc 흡착제의 경우, 수회의 고온 탈착공정 후에도 흡착 성능을 안정적으로 유지함을 확인하였다. In this study, the adsorption performance of vapor phase VOCs under dry conditions was evaluated by using two metal oxides, TiO₂ powder and Al₂O₃ powder. BET analysis and ammonia in-situ FT-IR analysis were used to analyze specific surface area and surface acid site. As a result, TiO₂ powder and Al₂O₃ powder had a specific surface area of 317.6 ㎡ g<SUP>-1</SUP> and 64 ㎡ g<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. In the case of TiO₂ powder, many acid sites were observed on the surface. As a result of evaluating the vapor phase VOCs adsorption performance using two metal oxide powders, TiO₂ powder having a relatively large specific surface area and a large number of acid sites exhibited relatively good adsorption performance. In particular, it is considered that the specific surface area directly affects the adsorption performance, and further study on the effect of the acid site is required. Based on the TiO₂ exhibited excellent adsorption performance, it manufactured into various forms of honeycomb, hollow fiber and disc. As a result, the adsorption performance was lower than that of the powder, but it is advantageous in view of applicability. In addition, it was confirmed that the disc adsorbent having excellent thermal durability due to the characteristics of the manufacturing process stably maintains adsorption performance even at a high temperature desorption process several times.

Risk factors for poor prognosis in nosocomial infective endocarditis

( Ji-won Hwang ),( Seung Woo Park ),( Eun Jeong Cho ),( Ga Yeon Lee ),( Eun Kyoung Kim ),( Sung-a Chang ),( Sung-ji Park ),( Sang-chol Lee ),( Cheol-in Kang ),( Doo Ryeon Chung ),( Kyong Ran Peck ),( 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.1

Background/Aims: The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of nosocomial infective endocarditis (NIE) with community-acquired infective endocarditis (CIE) and to determine independent risk factors for in-hospital death. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 560 patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis. NIE was defined by a diagnosis made > 72 hours after hospital admission or within 2 months of hospital discharge. Results: Among the 560 cases reviewed, 121 were classified as NIE. Compared with patients with CIE, patients with NIE were older (mean ± SD, 51.30±18.01 vs. 59.76±14.87, p < 0.001). The in-hospital death rate of the NIE group was much higher than that of the CIE group (27.3% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001). More patients with NIE had central intravenous catheters, and were undergoing hemodialysis (p < 0.001). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the most common causal microorganism of NIE, and MRSA (p < 0.001) and fungus (p = 0.002) were more common in NIE compared with CIE. On multiple analysis, age, liver cirrhosis, cancer chemotherapy, central intravenous catheter, hemodialysis, and genitourinary tract manipulation were independent clinical risk factors for NIE. Among the patients with NIE, 33 died during their hospital admission. The independent risk factors for in-hospital death were older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.07; p = 0.037) and chemotherapy for malignancy (adjusted OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 1.18 to 12.87; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Because of the considerable incidence of NIE and its poor prognosis, we should pay attention to early diagnosis and active management of NIE, especially for older patients and patients receiving chemotherapy.

Discriminative detection of indoor volatile organic compounds using a sensor array based on pure and Fe-doped In₂O₃ nanofibers

Lee, Chul-Soon,Li, Hua-Yao,Kim, Bo-Young,Jo, Young-Moo,Byun, Hyung-Gi,Hwang, In-Sung,Abdel-Hady, Faissal,Wazzan, Abdulaziz A.,Lee, Jong-Heun Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.285 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Representative indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, xylene, toluene, formaldehyde, and ethanol need to be detected in a highly sensitive and discriminative manner because of their different impact on human health. In this study, pure and 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 at% Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and their gas sensing characteristics toward the aforementioned VOCs were investigated. The doping of In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofiber sensor with 0.05 and 0.1 at% Fe shifted the temperature to show the maximum responses to benzene, xylene, and toluene, and reduced responses to ethanol and formaldehyde, thus demonstrating changed gas selectivity. The gas sensing characteristics of 0.5 at% Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofiber sensor were substantially different from those of the other sensors. Significantly different gas sensing patterns of pure and Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> sensors could be used to discriminate between the five different VOCs at 375 °C and to distinguish between the aromatic and non-aromatic gases at all sensing temperatures. The mechanism underlying the Fe-induced change in gas sensing characteristics has been discussed in relation to the variation of catalytic activity, morphology, oxygen adsorption, and charge carrier concentration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fabrication of a sensor array using pure and Fe-doped In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanofibers. </LI> <LI> Discriminative detection of benzene, xylene, toluene, ethanol, and formaldehyde. </LI> <LI> Distinction between aromatic and non-aromatic indoor pollutants using sensor array. </LI> <LI> Gas sensing mechanism underlying Fe-induced change in response and selectivity. </LI> </UL> </P>

Is renal replacement therapy necessary in deceased donor liver transplantation candidates with hepatorenal syndrome?: a 2-year experience at a high-volume center

Gil-Chun Park,Shin Hwang,Dong-Hwan Jung,Gi-Won Song,Chul-Soo Ahn,Ki-Hun Kim,Deok-Bog Moon,Tae-Yong Ha,Young-In Yoon,Hui-Dong Cho,Jae-Hyun Kwon,Yong-Kyu Chung,Sang-Hyun Kang,I-Ji Jung,Jin Uk Choi,Sung- 대한외과학회 2020 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.98 No.2

Purpose: Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a fatal complication in patients with end-stage liver disease awaiting liver transplantation (LT). HRS often develops in patients with high model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. This study investigated the outcomes of peritransplant management of HRS in a high-volume LT center in Korea for 2 years. Methods: A total of 157 recipients that deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) from January 2017 to December 2018 were included. In-hospital mortality (IHM) was analyzed in relation to pre- and posttransplant application of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Results: Primary diagnoses for DDLT were alcoholic liver disease (n = 61), HBV-associated liver cirrhosis (n = 48), retransplantation for chronic graft failure (n = 24), and others (n = 24). Mean MELD score was 34.6 ± 6.2 with 72 patients at Korean Network for Organ Sharing MELD status 2 (45.9%), 43 at status 3 (27.4%), 36 at status 4 (22.9%), and 6 at status 5 (3.8%). Pretransplant RRT was performed in 16 patients (10.2%) that did not show IHM. Posttransplant RRT was performed in 69 patients (44.0%), for whom IHM incidence was 15.9%. In 53 patients that had undergone de novo posttransplant RRT, IHM incidence increased to 20.8%. IHM in the 88 patients not requiring RRT was 2.3%. Conclusion: The majority of adult DDLT recipients in Korean MELD score-based allocation system have very high MELD scores, which is often associated with HRS. Pretransplant RRT appears to improve posttransplant survival outcomes. We thereby recommend that, if indicated, pretransplant RRT be performed while awaiting DDLT.

Encapsulation of Various Guests by an Anionic In-Metal–Organic Framework Containing Tritopic BTB Ligand: Crystal Structure of Reichardt’s Dye Captured in an In-Metal–Organic Framework

Cho, Eun-Young,Gu, Ja-Min,Choi, In-Hwan,Kim, Wan-Seok,Hwang, Yong-Kyung,Huh, Seong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Youngmee The American Chemical Society 2014 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.14 No.10

<P>The reaction between 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB) and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded a new In<SUP>III</SUP>-metal-organic framework, [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The countercation and solvent-free doubly interpenetrated <B>I</B> potentially contains 71.0% of solvent accessible void. Although the framework of <B>I</B> was not stable enough to maintain its original structure when the solvent molecules were removed, the as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a very good sorbent for acridine orange hydrochloride, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution. The as-prepared <B>I</B> exhibited increased uptake amount in the order of Reichardt’s dye > acridine orange hydrochloride > iodine. The largest uptake of the bulky Reichardt’s dye by <B>I</B> could be attributed to the optimized structural fitting of Reichardt’s dye into the large three-dimensional void space of <B>I</B>. The structure of Reichardt’s dye-encapsulated <B>I_RD</B> was unambiguously revealed by X-ray crystallography for the first time.</P><P>Thermal reaction between the tritopic ligand, 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB), and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded colorless crystals formulated as [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a good sorbent material for positively charged acridine orange, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-10/cg5005837/production/images/medium/cg-2014-005837_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg5005837'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

In-situ Test of ZigBEE System for Wireless Vibration Monitoring

Seo Il Chang(장서일),HyeSung Jeon(전혜성),In Jang Hwang(황인장),Sung-Hwan Jung(정성환) 한국소음진동공학회 2016 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

원자력 발전소용 이종재(Cu 합금/STS316L) 마찰용접의 최적화와 AE에 의한 실시간 평가에 관한 연구

유인종(IN-JONG YOO),권상우(SANG-WOO KWON),황성필(SUNG-PHIL HWANG),공유식(YU-SIK KONG),오세규(SAE-KYOO OH) 한국해양공학회 2001 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

In this paper, joints of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy to S1S316L were performed by friction welding method. Particularly, Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy is attractive candidate as nuclear power plant material and exibit the best combination of high strength and good electrical and thermal conductivity of any copper alloy examined. The stainless steel is a structural material while copper alloy acts as a heat sink material for the surface heat flux in the first Wall. So, in this paper, not only the development of optimizing of friction welding with more reliability and more applicabililty but also the development of in-process real-time weld quality (such as strength and toughness) evaluation technique by acoustic emission for friction welding of such nuclear reactor component of Cu-1Cr-0.1Zr alloy to STS316L steel were performed.

32-bit 임베디드 시스템을 이용한 자동변속기용 전자제어시스템의 Software-in-the-loop simulation

장인규(In-Gyu Jang),서인근(Inkeun Seo),전재욱(Jaewook Jeon),황성호(Sung-Ho Hwang) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Drivers are becoming more fatigued and uncomfortable as traffic densities increase, which can lead to slower reaction time, They then face the danger of traffic accidents due to an inability to cope with frequent shifting, To reduce this risk some drivers prefer automatic transmissions (AT) to manual transmissions (MT), The AT is superior drivability and less shifting shock than the MT, so the market-share of AT is increasing, The AT is controlled by Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to obtain better shifting performance, The Transmission Control Unit (TCU) is a product of higher-value-added, so the companies which have advanced technology (BOSCH, SIEMENS VDO, DELPHI, and etc.) tend to evade technology transfer. As the number of ECU used on a car is increasing gradually (for example, engine management unit, transmission control unit, brake control unit, and powertrain control unit), TCU's performance is expected to be faster and more efficient for organic communication and arithmetic processing between the control systems than the performance of 16bit controller. In this paper, the model of automatic transmission vehicle using MATLAB/Simulink is developed for the hardware in-the-loop simulation with an embedded system. The AT control logic developed is loaded to 32-bit Embedded system platform developed on the basis of Freescale's MPC565, and we execute the Software-in-the-loop simulation (SILS) of AT based on Real Time Operating System (RTOS). These test results show that the developed embedded system can be used as AT control unit.

유체 유동 환경에서 생체 흡수성 마그네슘 합금의 부식 거동에 관한 전기 화학적 연구

김주연(Ju Yeon Kim),이준희(Jun Hee Lee),황태인(Tae In Hwang),박찬희(Chan Hee Park),김철생(Cheol Sang Kim) 대한전기학회 2017 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2017 No.4