광합성 세균에 대한 연구 : II. 야생형 Rhodos pirillum rubrum에 의한 수용성 색소의 생산

오덕철,이현순 제주대학교 1984 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

1. Korean strain of wild type of Rhodospirillum rubrum excretes water-soluble pigments into the medium when grown anaerobically under light. 2. The absorption spectrum of the supernatant medium shows peaks at 392.5 (main peak), 500,535 mp together with shoulders at 370, 555 mp. 3. Water-soluble pigments show pinkish-orange fluorescence under short-wave ultraviolet light. 4. The optical density of the supernatant medium increases markedly with time when aerated under dark, room temperature. 5. The culture of R. rubrum shows no distinct differences in the excretion of water-soluble pigments when cultured in orthophosphate or pyrophosphate medium as inorganic phosphate source. 6. It is postulated that the water-soluble pigments excreted by the wild type of R rubrum are mixture of a few kinds of porphyrins.

光合成 細菌에 대한 硏究 : Ⅰ.Rhodospirillum rubrum의 Polyphosphate 生合性에 있어서 燐散源에 따른 差異 Ⅰ. The Differences on Polyphosphate Biosynthesis by the Phosphate Source in Rhodospirillum rubrum

吳德鐵,李賢順 제주대학교 1983 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

1. 光合成細菌 R. rubrum을 Ortho P, Pyro P가 各各 包含된 培地로 明ㆍ暗狀態로 培養하여 收率, pH變化, Polyphosphate含量등을 조사하였다. 2. pH는 Ortho P배지보다 Pyro P배지에서 더 높았다. 3. 收率은 明培養때는 Ortho P배지에서가 낮고 暗培養인때는 反對였다. 4. Poly P함량은 明ㆍ暗區別 없이 Pyro P배지에서 월등히 높았다. 5. 암배양의 경우 Ortho P배지에서 배양할 때 상당량의 Pyro P가 生合成되는 것으로 보인다. 6. Pyro P는 어떤 經路이건 직접 long chain Poly P合成에 관여되는 것으로 보인다. 1. Photosynthetic Bacterium R. rubrum was cultured in Orthophosphate or Pyrophosphate-containing medium under light or dark condition. Cell Yeild, pH Change, Polyphosphate content were investigated. 2. pH of Orthophosphate medium was low than Pyrophosphate medium. 3. Cell Yield was low with Orthophosphate medium under light, but was low with Pyrophosphate medium in case of dark culture. 4. Polyphosphate content was always very high with Pyrophosphate medium. 5. It looks likely that under dark culture with Orthophosphate medium R. rubrum synthesize Pyrophosphate with substantial amounts. 6. It seems that Pyrophosphate concern directly in biosynthesis of long chain Polyphosphate.

당뇨병성 신경병증에서 근위부 비골신경전도 검사를 이용한 병태생리학적 접근

김동현,이강건,박종원,박태환,안병철,권오상 대한신경과학회 1998 대한신경과학회지 Vol.16 No.2

煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 開發에 關한 硏究

鄭鉉丞,李乙熙,金哲旭,宋瑛敏,吳錫斗 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 1990 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.3 No.-

우리나라에서 年間 50萬M/T 生産廢水處理되는 魚汁中의 蛋白質, U.G.F., Ca等과 991萬M/T 生産廢棄되는 煉炭灰中의 Fe, Zn等의 微量鑛物質을 混合한 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料(FBF:Fish-soluble-abosorbed briquette ash feed)를 開發하기 爲하여 一次로 1981年부터 1984年까지 煉炭灰의 成分分析과 煉炭灰 添加給與試驗을 哺乳中仔豚과 育成-肥育豚에 實施하였고 哺乳中 仔豚에 實施하고 있는 1, 2次 鐵分注射代用 給與試驗을 거쳐 添加給與飼料化 可能性 確認後 1985年부터 1989年까지 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 製造하여 5∼10% 添加 給與試驗結果 優秀한 成績이 나타났으므로 3%, 5%, 10% 水準을 代替配給한 飼料를 製造하여 哺乳仔豚의 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果, 育成期, 肥育期, 育性-肥育期의 飼養試驗, 試驗飼料의 製造,貯藏性, 消化率 및 經濟性, 豚의 背脂肪層,屠體率, 血液像 等으로 調査한 바 다음과 같다. 1. 煉炭灰와 煉炭의 一般成分 및 鑛物質 分析結果 煉炭灰의 成分含量은 수분(0.15%), 조단백질(0.52%), 조지방(0%), 조섬유(4.13%), NFE(0%), 조회분(95.35%), Ca(0.807%), P(0.074%), K(0.138%), Na(0.025%), Mg(0.183%), Fe(3,769mg/kg), Mn(98mg/kg), Zn(139mg/kg) 및 Cu(21.0mg/kg)이였고 煉炭은 NFE(10.96%), 조회분(71.35%), Ca(0.224%), P(0.043%), K(0.158%), Na(0.039%), Mg(0.191%), Fe(7,385mg/kg), Mn(116mg/kg), Zn(306mg/kg) 및 Cu(17.5mg/kg)이었다. 2. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料成分 分析 煉炭灰 500g에 濃縮魚汁量을 50g에서 250g 및 1,250g 乾物換算(1:1) 水準까지 混合시킨 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 成分含量은 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일때는 各各 11.69% 및 31.31%와 2.61% 및 10.6%로 增加하였고 粗纖維와 粗灰分은 各各 5.51% 및 3.86%와 62.82% 및 50.42%로 감소하였다. 아미노酸 成分에서 lysine의 境遇 濃縮魚汁量이 50g일 때 0.19%로 나타났으나 濃縮魚汁量 增加에 比例하여 250g일 때 0.75%로 나타났다. 기타의 아미노酸들도 濃縮 魚汁量이 增加할수록 아미노산 含量이 높게 나타나는 傾向을 보였다. 鑛物質成分은 Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn 및 Co등은 濃縮魚汁量인 높을수록 높게 나타났다. 3. 哺乳中의 成長期와 離乳後 育成-肥育期에 微量鑛物質 供給濟로서 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 增體量은 配合飼料 單飼區보다 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰 給與區가 多少 높았으나 有意性은 認定되지 않았다(p>0.05). (2) 飼料效率은 配合飼料單飼區(4.71)보다 煉炭灰 給與 育成肥育區(4.84)가 약간 낮게 나타났다. (3) 仔豚育成區에서는 飼料效率이 3.0이었으며 萎縮豚에 效果가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. (4) 經濟性 分析結果 1kg增體當 飼料肥로 換算하면 配合飼料單飼區(829원)에서 比해 配合飼料 + 煉炭灰區(852원)가 23원이 增加하였다. (5) 仔豚育成區에서는 1kg 增體當 528원이 소요되었다. (6) 煉炭灰의 嗜好性은 좋은 편이었고 건강상태도 양호했다. 4. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 效果 및 離乳仔豚의 育成期에 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 煉炭灰를 3, 5, 7% 水準으로 添加 給與하였을 때 (1) 哺乳中 鐵分注射 代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食 시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. (2) 增體量은 煉炭灰를 3% 添加 給與하였을 때 가장 좋게 나타났다(P>0.05). (3) 飼料要求量은 對照區와 處理區間에는 큰 差異가 없었다(p>0.05). (4) 1kg增體에 所要된 飼料費는 T1(3% 첨가구), T2(5% 첨가), C 및 T3(7% 첨가구)에서 636.40, 646.72, 672.52 및 684.56원이었다. (5) 對照區에 比해 處理區에서의 血色素 含量은 암·수 供히 良好하였다. 5. 母豚과 哺乳仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을때의 乳汁을 通한 鐵分이 哺乳仔豚에 미치는 影響과 哺乳仔豚이 直接 採食하므로서 哺乳中 實施하는 鐵分注射代用으로서의 效果는 (1) 生後 3週間의 體重은 本 大學(5.27kg)이 原種豚(5.00kg)보다 다소 높게 나타났다. (2) 育成數 및 育成率은 本 大學(8.0頭, 86.0%)이 原種豚(8.3頭, 88.3%)보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 離乳時 體重은 本 大學(17.8kg)이 原種豚(17.4kg) 보다 多少 높게 나타났다. (4) 分娩時期와 哺乳仔豚數가 같은 區에서 鐵分注射區와 煉炭灰給與區間의 比較成績은 煉炭灰給與區가 多少 좋게 나타났으나 有意差는 없었다(p>0.05). (5) 哺乳中 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰를 自由採食시켜도 仔豚의 發育成績과 健康狀態는 異狀이 없었고 比較的 良好한 便이었다. 5. 哺乳仔豚에 2回 實施하고 있는 鐵分注射를 1回로 줄이고 哺乳母豚과 仔豚에 煉炭灰를 自由 採食시켰을 때 (1) 哺乳中 21日齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(4.48kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(4.43kg)보다 苦干 좋게 나타났다. (2) 離乳時體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(16.8kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(17.4kg) 보다 낮게 나타났다. (3) 15週齡의 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(48.85kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(46.0kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (4) 終了時 體重은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(78.3kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(71.6kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (5) 日當 增體量은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(0.589kg)가 鐵分注射 2回區(0.537kg) 보다 좋게 나타났다. (6) 飼料效率은 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區(2.32)가 鐵分注射 2回區(2.34)보다 낮게 나타났다. (7) 鐵分注射 1回 煉炭灰給與區의 健康狀態는 正常이었다. 以上의 結果로 生後 3週齡까지의 鐵分注射 1回代替로서 煉炭灰 給與가 可能하고 育成-肥育 前期까지 微量鑛物質 供給源으로 煉炭灰 給與效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 7. 1981年부터 1984年까지 4年間 돼지에 煉炭灰를 급여하였을 때 鐵分注射代用 및 微量鑛物質 供給源으로서 效果를 究明하기 위하여 본 대학 부속목장에서 실시한 결과를 綜合的으로 考察해 본 것이다. 대체적으로 姙娠中 암돼지에 煉炭灰給與區와 대조구간에 나타난 仔豚의 生時體重, 21日齡 體重, 56日齡 體重은 有意的인 差異가 없었다. 育成率은 煉炭灰給與區가 優秀하였다. 離乳後 계속 煉炭灰를 給與한 育成豚은 대조구보다 15週齡 체중, 일당증체량 및 사료효율이 유의적으로 높았다. 이상의 결과를 綜合 考察할 때 平素에 煉炭灰를 먹이면 仔豚에 鐵分注射를 아니해도 이상이 없고 育成豚은 微量鑛物質 不足으로 발생하는 여러 가지 疾病이 발생하지 아니하였으므로 煉炭灰를 먹였을 때 돼지의 성장 및 飼料費 節減에 效果가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 8. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 育成期에 5%, 肥育期에는 10%를 添加하여 飼養試驗하였을 때 (1) 日當 增體量은 試驗區(784.52g)가 對照區(645.24g)보다 높게 나타났다. (2) 飼料攝取量은 試驗區(185.53kg)가 對照區(165.46kg)보다 높게 나타났으며, (3) 飼料效率은 試驗區(2.82)가 對照區(3.05)보다 有意的으로 높게 나타났다. (4) 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 添加 飼養으로서 1kg 增體當 飼料費가 49.45원이 節減되었다. (5) 90kg 到達日齡은 試驗區(155日)가 對照區(169日)보다 14日이 短縮되었다. 9. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料의 代替水準(0%, 3%, 5%, 10%)別 飼養試驗成績은 (1) 育成期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 C(0%), T1(3%), T2(5%), T3(10%) 水準別로 代替 配合한 飼料로 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 試驗區가 T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g으로 對照區의 618g 보다 높게 나타났으며, ② 1일 飼料攝取量은 T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg의 順으로 魚汁吸着飼料量이 增加함에 따라 증가하였다. ③ 增體量은 T2(38.47kg)>T3(38.20kg)>T1(36.83kg)>對照區(34.59kg)의 順으로 T2區가 가장 높게 나타났고, 飼料要求率도 T2(2.32), T1(2.36), T3(2.37)區의 순으로 좋게 나타났으며 全般的으로 處理區가 對照區(2.49)에 比하여 좋은 성적을 나타내었다. ④ 1kg 增體當 飼料單價는 T2區가 291.24원으로 가장 낮게 나타났고 對照區에 比해 1kg 增體當 24.62원의 節減效果가 나타났다. ⑤ 育成期飼料의 消化率은 對照區의 處理區間에 有意적인 差異가 없었고 貯藏期間에는 成分의 變化없이 安定한 것으로 나타났다. (2) 肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 日當增體量은 T3(779.33g)와 T2(752g)에서 對照區(674g) 보다 높았고 (p<0.01) 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡도 試驗區에서 良好한 成績을 나타내었다. ② 肥育飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이나 有意的인 差異는 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的인 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層 두께는 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(386.81원), T1(374.19원), T2(347.79원) 및 T3(33699원)로써 試驗區의 飼料費가 절감되었다. (3) 育成-肥育期 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 配合飼料에 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2) 및 10%(T3) 水準으로 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 ① 增體量, 日當增體量, 飼料效率 및 90kg 到達日齡 等에서 對照區에 比하여 FBF를 5%(T2), 10%(T3) 代替 配合하여 飼育하였을 때 良好하게 나타났다 (p>0.01). ② 育成期 및 肥育期飼料의 消化率은 多少 向上되는 傾向이었으나 有意性은 없었다. ③ 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 代替 配合한 試驗區에서는 貯藏初期 7日間에 成分含量이 낮아졌으나 以後 21日까지는 安定的 狀態를 나타내었다. ④ 背脂肪層은 T3(10%)區가 1.51cm로 對照區 1.56cm 보다 얇게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑤ 屠體率은 對照區(61.99%)에 比하여 試驗區(63.67∼64.65%)가 높게 나타났다 (p<0.01). ⑥ 1kg當 增體에 所要된 飼料費는 對照區(350.77원), T1(336.32원), T2(320.89원), T3區(316.11원)의 순으로써 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加時 飼料費가 節減되었다. 10. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料와 濃縮魚汁을 配合飼料에 各各 10%씩 代替 給與하였을 때 (1) 終了時體重과 日當增體量은 對照區(94.05kg, 678g)에 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 代替區(98.65kg, 752g) 및 濃縮魚汁代替區(95.40kg, 709g)順으로 나타났다. (2) 飼料效率은 對照區에 (3.65) 比하여 煉炭灰魚汁吸着代替區(3.24) 및 濃縮魚汁 代替區(3.40)에서 良好하게 나타났다. (3) 1kg增體當 所要飼料費는 煉炭灰 魚汁代替區(369.33), 濃縮魚汁代替區(388.15), 對照區(413.56)의 順으로 나타났다. (4) 90kg到達日齡은 煉炭灰魚汁 代替區(162.1), 濃縮魚汁 代替區(163.7) 및 對照區(166.9)의 順으로 短縮되었다. 11. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料給與 飼養時의 血液狀은 赤血球, 血色素量, 赤血球容積 및 白血球數는 無處理區에서 높은 편이고, 平均赤血球容積, 平均血球血色素量, 平均赤血球血色素濃度는 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 添加區에서 약간 높았으나, 白血球 鑑別計劃數를 包含한 이들 血液像은 正常値 範圍內였다. 12. 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로서 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料를 給與하였을 때 (1) 日當 飼料攝取量은 對照區 408g 보다 處理區가 418g으로 10g이 더 높았다 (p<0.01). (2) 平均 日當增體量은 對照區 222.94g 보다 處理區가 296.89g이 더 높았다(p<0.01). (3) 飼料效率은 對照區 1.83 보다 處理區가 1.41로 改善되었다. (4) 哺乳仔豚에 鐵分注射代用으로 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料를 自由採食 시켰을 때 仔豚의 健康狀態의 發育成績은 比較的 良好하였다. 13. 煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 代替 水準別 配合飼料製造費用은 1kg當 單價로서 育成期 配合飼料는 代替水準 0%가 125.34원, 3%가 125.56원, 5%가 126.03원 및 10%가 125.43원으로 나타났고, 肥育期飼料는 0% 113.31원, 3% 113.52, 5% 113.68, 10% 114.10원으로 나타났다 (煉炭灰 魚汁吸着飼料 1kg當 生産費 100원 基準). 以上의 結果를 보아 廢棄物인 煉炭灰와 廢水處理되는 魚汁을 混合하여 飼料資源化하므로써 飼料費節減, 飼料效率改善, 營養素利用 增進, 環境汚染防止, 公害處理, 煉炭灰魚汁吸着飼料 開發 活用으로써 導入飼料外貨 節減效果와 養畜農家의 所得增大에 이바지할 것으로 生覺된다. In Korea, 500,000M/T of fish soluble and 9,910,000M/T of briquette-ash are yearly produced and discarded as waste materials. A series of experiments was performed to develop fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) in order to utilize the protein, UGF, Ca contained in the abandoned fish soluble and Fe, Zn, and other microminerals in the discarded briquette-ash. From the year 1981 to 1984 the chemical composition of briquette-ash was analyzed and its feeding effects on sucking, growing and fattening pigs were studied. Also the effects of briquette-ash addition for substituting Fe injection in pigs at sucking were examined. After the potential of briquette-ash feed was proved, from the year 1985 to 1989 fish soluble-absorbed briquette ash feed(FBF) was made and previously fed from 5 to 10%, subsequently, 3, 5, and 10% of pig ration was substituted by FBF and its effects on sucking pig as substitution for Fe injection, its feeding effects on growing, fattening and growing-fattening pigs, changes during storage, digestibility, economics, backfat thickness and hematological values were examined and gave results as follows. 1. Analysis of proximate composition and mineral contents of briquette and briquette-ash. Briquette-ash contained moisture(0.15%), C·protein (0.52%), C·fat (0%), C·fiber (4.13%), NFE (0%), C·ash (95.35%), Ca (0.807%), P (0.074%), K (0.138%), Na (0.025%), Mg (0.025%), Mg (0.183%), Fe (3,769mg/kg), Mn (98mg/kg), Zn (139mg/kg), Cu (21.0mg/kg). And in the briquette contained NFE (10.96%), C·ash (71.35%), Ca (0.224%), P (0.043%), K (0.158%), Na (0.039%), Mg (0.19%), Fe (7,385mg/kg), Mn (116mg/kg), Zn (306mg/kg), Cu (17.5mg/kg). 2. Analysis of Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF). To study the effects of feeding Fish soluble-absorbed Briquette ash Feed (FBF) in pigs, firstly the chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents of briquette ash absorbed concentrated fish solubles were analyzed. Increasing absorbed rate of concentrated fish soluble to briquette ash, chemical composition, mineral contents and amino acids contents resulted higher. 3. When the briquette-ash was fed ad libitum to sucking and growing-fattening pigs as micromineral supplements; (1) Body weight gain was little higher in the briquette-ash supplied group than control(p>0.05). (2) In the growing-fattening pig, feed efficiency was better in the control group (4.71) than the briquette-ash supplied group (4.84). (3) In the weaning pig the feed efficiency was 3.0 and suplemental effects of briquette-ash were outstanding in atrophic pigs. (4) Making economical analysis by term of feed cost per kg weight gain, in the briquette-ash supplemented group, the feed cost was increased to 852 won where it was 829 won in the control group. (5) In the weaning pig group, 528 won was used per kg weight gain. (6) The palatability of briquette-ash was good and healty conditions were normal, too. 4. When the briquette-ash was supplemented in 3%(T1), 5%(T2) and 10%(T3) to the sucking, weaning and growing pigs; (1) When the briquette-ash was fed as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs, the growing state and health conditions were good enough. (2) Body weight gain was best when 3% of briquette-ash was supplemented(p>0.05). (3) There was no significant difference in feed efficiency(p>0.05). (4) Feed costs required per kg weight gain for T1, T2 and T3 were 636.40, 672.52 and 684.56 won respectively. (5) Hematological values of treatment group were in normal range. 5. Effects of briquette-ash addition as substitution for Fe injection when breeding and sucking pigs are fed with briquette-ash. (1) The pig of this college (5.27kg) had slightly heavier average weight at the age fo 3 wks. than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station(5.00kg). (2) The purebred (8.3pigs. 88.3%) had higher litter size and survival rate at weaning than the pig of this college. (3) The pig of this college (17.8kg) had slightly heavier average weight at weaning than the purebred of National Livestock Breeding Station (17.4kg). (4) In the group equal to farrowing season and litter size at sucking, there were nonsignificant defferences for the reproductive traits between briquette-ash addition and Fe injection group. (5) When fed liberally, briquette-ash as the substitute for Fe injection in sucking pig, there is relatively superior tendency to the growth and health conditions in pigs. 6. When the Fe injection was reduced to once and briquette-ash was supplied liberally; (1) Pig weight at 21 days was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice. (2) Pig weight at weaning(16.8kg) was lower in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once than in those injected Fe twice (17.4kg). (3) Pig weight at 15 wks. was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injecte Fe once (48.85kg) than in those injected Fe twice (46.0kg). (4) Final body weight was heavier in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (78.3kg) than in those injected Fe twice (71.6kg). (5) Feed efficiency was better in the pigs feeding briquette-ash after injected Fe once (2.32) than in those injected Fe twice (2.34) (6) The health conditions of the pigs feeding briquette-ash injected Fe once were normal. (7) The results obtainced in this study suggest that briquette-ash feeding can substitute Fe injection effectively supplementing sufficient microminerals from growing to fattening. 7. The results of feeding briquette-ash to pigs during 4 years from 1981 to 1984 in substitution for Fe injection and as micromineral supplements are reviewed. Generally, when sows are fed briquette-ash ad libitum, there were no significant differences in birth weight, weight at 21 days and weight at 56 days. The survival rate was better in the briquette-ash supplemented group. However when the briquette-ash was supplied continuously after weaning, there were significant differences in weight at 15 days, weight gain and feed efficiency. In conclusion, it might be suggested that the pigs farrowed from sows fed ad libitum briquette-ash could grow without Fe injection and when fed briquette-ash ad libitum, it can prevent micromineral deficiency and gain body weight more rapidly. 8. When FBF was added by 5% in the growing pig ration and 10% in the fattening pig ration; (1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (784.52g) than the control group (645.24g). (2) Feed intake was higher in the treatment group (185.53kg) than the control group (165.46kg). (3) Feed efficiency was significantly higher in the treatment group (2.82) than the control group (3.05). (4) Adding FBF in ration, 49.45 won was saved per kg body weight gain. (5) Ages at 90kg were shortened by 14 days in the treatment group (155d) than the control group (169d). 9. Effects of levels 0%(C), 3%(T1), 5%(T2), and 10%(T3) of substitution of FBF (1) Growing period 1) Daily body weight gain was higher in the treatment group (T1:658g, T2:686g, T3:683g) than the control group (618g). 2) Daily feed intake was in order of T3:1.61kg>T2:1.59kg>T1:1.55kg>C:1.54kg. it increased according to the level of fish soluble. 3) Body weight gain was in order of T2:38.47kg>T3:38.20kg>T1:36.83kg>C:34.59kg. Feed efficiency was in order of T2:2.32>T3:2.37>T1:2.36>C:2.49. Generally the treatment group was better than the control group. 4) Feed cost per kg weight gain was lowest in T2(291.24won) and it saved 24.62won per kg weight gain compared to the control group. 5) There was no significant difference in the digestibility of growing diets and it was stable during the storage period. (2) Fattening period 1) Daily weight gain was higher in T3 (779.33g) and T2 (752.0g) than control (674.0g) significantly (p<0.01). Feed efficiency and ages at 90kg were also better in the treatment group. 2) Digestibility was improved in the treatment group by not signivicantly. 3) Until the 7th day of storaging period, the chemical composition of FBF added ration decreased but it did not show any change until the 27th day. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p>0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p>0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 386.81 won in control, 374.91won in T1, 347.79 in T2 and 336.99won in T3. As result feed costs were saved adding FBF in the ration. (3) Growing-fattening period 1) Weight gain, feed efficiency and ages at 9kg were significantly higher in FBF added T2(5%) and T3(10%) group. 2) Digestibility of growing and fattening diet was improved in the treatment group but not significantly. 3) The chemical composition of FBF added ration decreassed slightly till the day 7 of storaging period. But after 7th day it did not show and change untill the dat 27. 4) Backfat thickness was significantly (p<0.01) thinner in T3 (1.51cm) than control (1.56cm). 5) Dressing percentage was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the treatment group (63.67∼64.65%) than in the control group (61.99%). 6) Feed costs required per 1kg weight gain were 350.71won in control, 336.32 won in T1, 320.89won in T2 and 316.11won in T3. As result feed costs were saved when FBF was added in the ration. 10. When the ration was substituted by FBF and fish soluble by 10% respectively; (1) Final weight and daily weight gain were 94.05kg, 678g in control group whereas 98.65kg, 752g in FBF substituted ration and 95.40kg, 709g in fish soluble substituted ration. (2) Feed efficiency was 3.65 in control group whereas 3.24 in FBF substituted ration and 3.40 in fish soluble substituted ration giving better resuluts. (3) Feed cost required per kg weight gain was in order of FBF substituted ration (369.33 won), fish soluble substituted ration(388.15 won) and control group (413.56 won). (4) Ages at 90kg were in order of FBF substituted ration (162.1), fish soluble substituted ration (163.7) and control group (166.9). 11. Hematological values of FBF fed pigs RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit and WBC were higher in the non-treated group, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were a little higher in the treated group. And all the above hematological values including differential count were within the normal range. 12. Effects of FBF addition as substitution for Fe injection for sucking pigs. (1) Daily feed consumption was larger by 10g in the treatment group (418g) than in the control group(408g). (2) Average daily weight gain was larger by 73.95g in the treatment group (296.98g) than in the control group (222.94g). (3) Feed efficiency was higher in the treatment group (1.41) than in the control group (1.83). (4) When the sucking pigs were fed liberally FBF as the substitute for Fe injection, there was relatively superior tendency to their growth and health conditions. 13. Production cost of FBF per kg (when the production cost of 1kg of FBF is fixed as 100 won) (1) Growing 0% ; 125.34 won, 3% ; 125.56 won, 5% ; 126.03 won and 10% ; 125.43 won (2) Fattening 0% ; 113.31 won, 3% ; 113.52 won, 5% ; 113.68 won and 10% ; 114.10 won As conclusion, making FBF with the abandoned briquette-ash and fish soluble results in lowering feed cost, increasing feed efficiency, increasing nutrient availability, decreasing pollution, saving the foreign currency used to import feed ingredients and increasing farmers income.

에크린 나선선종 1예

박현철,계영철,오칠환 최신의학사 1988 最新醫學 Vol.31 No.2

망막병증을 동반한 제2형 당뇨환자에서 vitamin E투여후 단핵구 manganese superoxide dismutase(Mn-SOD)의 활성도 변화

배현철,최성남,공병호,오연상,신순현 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1998 中央醫大誌 Vol.23 No.1

There are some evidences that oxidative stresses have some roles in initiation and progression of the diabetic complications. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an essential enzyme for the dismutation of superoxide(:O2^-) radicals, and the activity is changed in some pathologic conditions such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Mn-SOD activity and severity of diabetic retinopathy and to compare between before and aftertreatment with vitamin E. The Mn-SOD activities were measured in 75 patients with NIDDM(41 noretinopathy, 21 nonproliferative retinopathy, 13 proliferative retinopathy) by spectrophotometry. The Mn-SOD activity(U/mg protein) was significantly elevated in diabetes after vitamin E treatment. The severity of diabetic retinopathy appeared not be statistically significant. In diabetic patients, there were no correlation between the Mn/SOD activity and the various clinical and biochemical parameters.

니페디핀이 암피실린의 흡수에 미치는 영향

정현정,용철순,최윤수,오두만 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 1997 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.7 No.-

Amino-β-lactam antibiotics are absorbed by the dipeptide transporter in the small intestine. These uptakes are coupled to a proton influx. The inward proton gradient is partly induced by the Na^(+)/H^(+) exchanger and cakium ion is involved in control of this antiport. Interaction between ampicillin which is one of the amino-β-lactam antibiotics and nifedipine which is one of calcium channel blocking agents was studied in rats in vivo and with rabbit jejunum mounted on the Sweetana/Grass diffusion cells in vitro. Bioavailability of ampicillin was increased significantly when nifedipine was co-administered orally in rats. There were no differences in the distribution phase and the elimination phase when ampicillin was given either alone or with nifedipine intravenously. Conditions for in vitro experiments were determined. The lift rate of O₂/CO₂ gas was controlled to 3 bubbles/sec and ampicillin was stable in the Kreb's buffer at pH6.0 Absorption of ampicillin was the greatest when the completely-stripped serosal membrane was used. Transport of ampicillin from mucosal to serosal side in the rabbit jejunum was enhanced by 32% in the presence of nifedipine (p=0.059). Above results suggest that nifedipine might increase the plasma level of ampicillin via the improved absorption in the intestine rather than the reduction in the elimination or/and alteration in the distribution.

송도 웰빙센터 건립사업 타당성 조사

윤철현,오세경,강지은 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2008 硏究論文集 Vol.32 No.1

본 과업의 대상지는 송도 초등학교 내에 위치한 관사부지이다. 이곳을 서구청에서 확보한 예산으로써 서구 주민의 복지를 위한 문화체육시설로 개발할 경우, 그 사업의 타당성 여부를 진단하고 분석하는데 과업의 목적을 두었다. 본 과업은 문화체육센터에 대한 주민의식 및 선호도 파악에 우선 관심을 두었고 서구청 공무원을 조사대상으로 한정하였다. 그 까닭은 공무원 집단은 지역사회 전반에 걸쳐 문제의식이 강하고 가치판단기준이 일반 주민들보다 명확하며 도시 내 주요시설에 대한 식견이 비교적 넓기 때문이다. 본 조사에서 나타난 특징은 첫째, 응답자의 약 85%가 문화체육센터의 수적 부족을 인식한 점이고, 둘째, 45%만이 송도초등학교 내 웰빙센터의 건립에 찬성한 점이다. 반대의 대부분은 일반 주민을 위한 시설이 교육기관과 쉽게 양립 할 수 없다는 것이다. 서구의 인구가 감소한다는 것은 특정시설의 시장여건이 불리해진다는 뜻이다. 이 같은 현실 하에 웰빙센터의 경제적 타당성의 진단에서 나타난 분석결과는 B/C가 1보다 낮고(0.866), 내부수익률 역시 (-)값으로 나타난 점이다. 따라서 송도 웰빙센터 건립사업의 경제적 타당성은 매우 취약하다고 판단된다. 또한 교육청 및 학교당국은 학생중심의 시설건립과 시설 건립 후 교육기관에 기부채납을 요구하고 있으므로 이점이 사업의 결정적인 제약이 되고 있다. 공무원 의식조사에서 나타난 바를 참고할 때 웰빙센터와 같은 문화체육시설은 학교 내가 아닌 인접한 다른 장소에서 적극적으로 건립하는 방안을 모색해 볼 필요가 있다.

디지탈 신호 처리기를 이용한 MPEG 오디오 CODEC의 설계 및 구현

김현기,오정환,김종철 慶南專門大學 1997 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

정상교합자의 치열궁 형태

권용철,성정옥,권오원,성재현 대한치과교정학회 1989 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study was designed to investigate dental arch shapes buccally and lingually at Bracket Level of Koreans. This involved studying 63 inviduals (37 males, 26 females) with normal occlusion ranging in age from 17 to 24 yesrs old. The landmarks were digitized and measurements and statistical analysis were performed by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The Results were as Follows: Bicanine width, Bipremolar width and Bimolar width were larger in males than in females. Buccal and lingual arch form and coordination form were obtained by NEC 9801 V-M computer. The parabolic equations which represents buccal and lingual arch form were obtained.