가령에 따른 정신기능의 변화에 관한 연구

박태환 한국보건통계학회 1982 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The author attempted to study the changes of mental functionings with ageing in the subjects over 50 years of age. The test scales of the same standard were used in rating the subjects of five different groups as follows: Group Ⅰ: 52 public personnel (male: 36, female: 16) Group Ⅱ: 78 subjects who hold the job while staying at home ( male: 65, female: 13) Group Ⅲ: 182 subjects who stay at home and do not have the job. (male: 100, female: 82) Group Ⅳ: 63 subjects who say at old people's homes: (male: 30, female: 33) Group Ⅴ: 46 mental disorders (male: 28, female 18) The whole subjects of 421 persons (male: 259, female: 162) were studied into the sex, the groups, the age in 5-year intervals and the score by each test scales. The following results were obtained after statistical analysis. Ⅰ. There is the increase of cases who are screening with advancing age in the screening tests using both Mental Status Questionaire and Visual Reproduction Test. The major part of excluded subjects ny the screening test are females in the old people's homes in which 39 cases (69.6%) out of 56 are excluded. Ⅱ. The more female subjects than the male one are excluded by the screening test, 3.3 times more in female cases (male: 24, female: 79). Ⅲ. The average scores obtained by Hasegawa's scale reveal that the score decreases as the ages go up and it is more prominent in the female subjects. Ⅳ. The aged male subjects gain more scores in the verbal scales as compared with the female subjects. Ⅴ. Both male and female subjects show the decrease in gaining scores as they get older in the visual reproduction test and it is more prevalent in female subjects of all age groups. Ⅵ. It is revealed that the performance scores obviousely decrease than the verbal in Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ except Group Ⅰ, and the performance scores rapidly decrease as advancing age. Ⅶ. In the average scoring of the same age group, the male subjects were scored greater than the female and also the subjects who hold the job scored higher than the subjects who do not hold the job. Ⅷ. The average scores of the subjects are as follows: MALE, Verbal: 29.09 (M.R.: 78.62), Performance: 8.55 (M.R.: 61.07), total: 37,64 (M.R.: 73.8), V.P. ratio: 0.77, FEMALE, Verbal: 23.6 (M.R.: 63.78), Performance: 7.2 (M.R.: 51.42), total: 30.8(M.R.L 60.39) V.P. ratio: 0.8 Ⅸ. The systolic blood pressure shows slight increase in both sexes as the age goes up and the ndividual difference are revealed to be great. Ⅹ. The height shows that it reduces more in the aged females than the male one with increasing age. A. The loss of the weight is more prominent in the female subjects than the male one as advancing age. In this study on mental changes of the normal aged subjects as aging after screening of moderate to severe dementias in each group, simple correlation coefficient between the total score and Hasegawa's score is 0.917 (male), 0.942 (female). Accordingly, the author believe that this study could be a useful guide to detect of the dementing process among the normal aging group and to measure of mental changes with aging.

集團精神治療를 指向한 集團活動

朴兌煥 大韓神經精神醫學會 1974 신경정신의학 Vol.13 No.2

① 이상적으로 행하여지는 집단정신치료가 아닐지라도 P.O.들이 치료에 대한 확고한 개념을 가지고 지속적으로 집단회의 및 각부활동에 임한결과 무료했던 병실분위기가 한결 밝고 화목하고 생기가 감도는 치료적인 방향으로 변천해갔다. ② 본 집다활동을 통해서 대다수 환자들이 자신도 모르는 사이에 소질의 발견, 능력개발 성취감 창의성 및 근면성동이 열리는 잇점이 있었다. ③ 의사의 다른 P.O. 들의 치료자로서의 정신자세 및 실천이 이루어져 갔다. 환자구성의 대다수를 차지하고 있는 정신분열증환자들은 집단활동에 적극 참여시켜 새로운 관심과 의욕을 불어 넣는다는 것이 정작 어려움을 실감했다. 집단치료 효과의 측정에 관해서는 아직 많은 문제점이 있으며 혹자는 recovered, cured, improved등의 용어 설정으로 치료 결과를 측정 평가하려 했으며 또다른 학자는 치료성적의 범주를 퇴원율로 보았다. 특이한 치료를 실시한 환자집단은 그것만으로 치료효과의 범주로 삼을 수 없으며 치료집단과 대조되는 비교집단이 있어햐 하기 때문이다. Moreno는 sociometry로서 집단정신치료에 대한 객관적 측정 및 분석을 시도했으나 본 연구에서 치료결과는 치료(집단활동) 전후의 치료자 평가 및 환자 자신의 평가와 그 적응성이 논의되지 못하여 치료효과에 대한 적절한 분석검토가 아쉬웠다.

Hot Concrete에 關한 硏究

朴泰煥 울산과학대학 1980 연구논문집 Vol.5 No.2

Precast concrete panel 生産性을 높이기 위해서 Hot concrete가 急速히 普及되고 있다. hot concrete라면 人爲的으로 加熱하여 常溫보다 높은 溫度(40~80℃)로 mixing한 concrete로서 常溫 concrete에 比하면 相當히 早期에 加熱促進養生을 할 수 있다. 그 결과 要品의 脫型時間이 短縮되어 生産能率이 높아진다. 이와같은 Hot concrete의 採用에 따라서 Pc-panel의 2 cycle의 生産이 可能케되었다. Hot concrete를 製造하는데는 concrete 材料를 steam, 溫水 또는 熱風等으로 미리 加熱하여 비비는 方式과 專用 mixer를 使用하여 비비는 concrete속에 蒸氣를 넣는 steam inject方式이 있다. 本 論文에서 Hot mixer에 의해 어떻게 Hot concrete가 제조되며, Hot concrete의 특성, 品質管理의 요점, 해결 해야할 문제점 等을 實驗結果에 의해 파악 하고져 한다. Recently the hot mixer has rapidly come into Common use reflecting the manufactures' wish to produce precast concrete panels with greater efficiency. How is hot concrete manufactured by means of the hot mixer? What are the properities of hot concrete made by the hot mixer what are the essential points of the qualitity control of hot concrete? And what are the problems? Which must be solved concerning hot concrete? This paper give explanations of these referring to the result of their experiments and to those of other studies made hitherto.

韓國의 老年層 住居開發과 住居環境造成方案

朴泰煥 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1990 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.-

Growing numbers of older people are seeking new ways of living in their retirement. Planned retirement housing has introduced a lifestigle which provides ling-term security, convenient independence and good fellowship in an attractive living environment. Reasons for their present housing being unsuitable for retirement living usually include : Too large, old and cold. Too hard to maintain both house and garden. Too many new and unfriendly neighbours. Too insecure and lonely. Experience confirms that increasing numbers of retired and elderly people are seeking and finding new ways of enjoying life in planned retirement communities where : They may preserve their independence They have 'neighbours like ourselves'. A responsible person is available to help in an emergency. A project is well-managed and maintained. A variety of spacious retirement housing is available. They are supportive services and nursing accommodation either within the project or nearby, in case they may be required at a future date. There are adequate social and recreational facilities within the project the cost is within their reach.

노년층을 위한 가족 및지역복지서비스 프로그램 개발에 관한 연구-충무/거제지역을 중심으로

박태환 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1992 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.-

The Home and Community Care (HACC) programs is a key part of Government's aged care programs and is also an important part of the assistance available to improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. Most people prefer to stay in their own homes rather than enter a nursing home or hostel. The HACC program funds home and community based services to support the frail aged and other people which disabilities so that they can remain in comfort and security of their own homes and communities for as long as possible. The major groupings of HACC services are: 1. home help 2. personal care 3. home maintenance or modification (or both) 4. food services, such as delivered meals 5. community respite care 6. transport 7. allied health services(also called community paramedical services) And Residential care Program is to provide care in hostel (residential care homes) and nursing homes for frail aged people.

工場計劃에 있어서 最適의 立地選定問題에 關한 硏究

朴泰煥 慶尙大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.21 No.1

The problem of plant location is defined as the determination of that location which, in consideration of all factors effecting delivered-customers cost of the product(s) to be manufactured, will afford the enterprise the greatest advantage to be obtained by virtue of location. Today industries must choose between; (1) a city location, (2) a surburban location, or 93) a country site. Each of these offers certain advantages. Of the many factors that can influence the choice of a plant location, the following are perhaps the most general; (1) Site situation and climate, (2) Water supply and waste disposal, (3) Powers sources, (4) Transportaiton, (5) labor and wages (6) Community facilities, (7) row-material supply, (8) market location, (9) Taxation. Recently it has become possible to utilize such techniques as linear programming and engineering economy in solving location problems.

濠洲의 老人福祉施設에 關한 硏究(Ⅱ) : Self-contained Dwellings 老人獨立住居를 中心

朴泰煥 慶尙大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.23 No.2

老人獨立住居의 計劃과 設計時에 適用해야 할 一般的인 基本原則은 老人 個個人의 最大의 自立된 生活과 權威와 尊嚴性을 維持하고 向上되도록 計劃하고 位置시키며, 豫防醫學과 地域醫療를 通한 健康維持의 現代的 槪念의 利用과 向上이 되어야 한다. 地方自治團體의 開發과 成長의 基本計劃과 一致하는 가운데 社會的. 文化的. 商業的인 施設과 서어비스가 편리해야 한다. 濠洲의 老人獨立居住를 要約하면 아래와 같다. 1. 老人獨立居住는 集合의 方法에 따라 統合型과 分離型으로 나눈다. 2. 濠洲에는 老人施設을 障碍施設과 함께 묶어 開發의 許可時에 適用할 開發基準을 두고 있다. 3. 開發의 規模는 統合型은 小集團이 大部分이며, 分離型은 大集團으로 團地化되어 새로운 老人들의 居住環境을 形成하고 있다. 4. 大地條件에는 位置, 方位, 地形特性 등이다. 5. 居住單位의 平面形式은 독신용 1실형과 부부용이 2실형이 있으며, 平面類型은 多樣하게 開發되어 入住者의 選擇의 幅을 넓히고 있다. 6. 構造形式은 底層聯立住宅과 昇降機 設備가 있는 高層 共同住宅으로 大別된다. 集合의 程度에 따라 多樣하다. 7. 居住單位의 規模는 독신용이 25.9m2, 부부용이 51.69m2이고, 民營 프로젝트는 이보다 더 크고 規模도 多樣하다. 8. 配置形式은 회랑형, 떨기형, 코어형, 계단형이다. As birth rates decline and medical sciences advances, the percentage of retired people in the Australian population is steading growing. And in recent years, more and more of these retired people have been setting in a uniquely Australian type of community. Self-contained dwellings mean a dwelling or part of building, whether attached to another dwelling or not, housing aged persons or disabled persons, where private facilities for cooking, sleeping and washing are included in the dwelling or part of the building, but where clothes washing facilities or other facilities for use in connection with the dwelling or part may be provided on a shared basis. This is possible if you live in the right environment and feel settled and secure-where physical, emotional and social needs are met and where dignity and independence are totally preserved.

地域老年層의 住居와 住居環境에 대한 欲求評價와 展望 : Chung-Mu and Ko-Jea Region 忠武·巨濟地域 老年層을 中心

朴泰煥 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1991 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.-

Adequate housing to meet the idiosyncratic needs of an aged and aging population is a goal stile out of reach. The investigation of optimal environments has received much attention in recent social gerontological research. From a theoretical perspective, support for housing options arranged on a continuum that recognizes model needs of the majority as well as different needs of selected minorities can be found in gerontological literature.

濠洲의 老人福祉施設에 關한 硏究(Ⅲ) : 老人홈을 中心으로 Communal Homes for the Aged

朴泰煥 慶尙大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.24 No.1

Housing arrangements for the elderly take many forms. Broadly, these vary from independent living arrangements (owner/occupier/renter) to semi-dependence (hostel) , or total dependence (institutional setting). Within these broad categories, however, a wide variety of arrangements exists including: owning one's own home; living with relatives and friends; units, flats and rooms rented on the open market; houses and flats rented from government housing authorities: boarding houses; caravans; accommodation for independent living; hostel accmmodation; residential care facilities in certain nursing homes; and a variety of forms of accomodation usually provided by voluntary organisations. Housing for the aged in Australia is one area that has evoked a high level of response not only from the various levels of goveroment but also from the non-govermment sector which includes voluntary, relgious aud charitable organisations as well as private profit-making institutions.

濠洲의 老人福祉施設에 關한 硏究(Ⅳ) : 老人療養院을 中心으로 Nursing Homes for the Elderly

朴泰煥 慶尙大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.25 No.2

이상의 내용을 요약해서, 老人療養施設의 計劃과 設計에 適用할 수 있는 사항은 아래와 같다. 1. 許可 및 計劃과 設計시에 適用할 規準이 필요하다. 2. 施設의 規模는 看護의 質的水準, 家庭的 분위기 조성을 위해서 小規模이나 수요자의 증가에 따라 大規模일 경우 看護單位를 복수로 해서 大規模로 할 수 있으나(100病床 이하), 單位 看護當 病床數 25∼50이다. 3. 垈地條件은 老人흠의 垈地條件과 同一하게 適用한다. 4. 療養院 施設의 居住者의 個人空間은 침실(병실), 화장실 등으로서 1人用, 2人用, 4人用이 있다. 각 空間規模는 Table. 2와 같으며, 조사대상 시설의 규모는 Table. 3과 같다. 平面上의 配置는 Fig. 3, 4, 5와 같다. 5. 居住者의 社會的 空間은 라운지, 식당, 물리치료실이며, 공간규모는 Table. 5와 같으며, 조사대상시설의 규모는 Table. 6과 같다. 그리고 平面上의 配置는 출입구쪽 또는 중심부이다. 6. 管理空間에는 안내실, 간호원장실, 직원실, 간호원 대기실 등이다. 규모에 대한 규준은 Table. 7이며, 조사대상시설에 대한 규모는 Table. 8과 같다. 7. 機械設備空間은 부엌과 유티리룸이다. (Table. 9, Table. 10 참조) 이들 공간과 거주자의 개인·사회적 공간과의 평면관계는 Table. 7이다. 8. 附屬空間은 주로 창고, 영안실 등으로서 시설의 규모에 따라 창고의 수나 크기는 유동적이나 영안실은 옥외와의 출입이 가능한 위치에 시설당 1개소를 둔다. 9. 老人療養院에는 특히 老人들에게 適合한 환기, 난방, 안전설비에 관한 대책이 필요하다. 10. 建物의 形態는 저층(단층 또는 2층) 中庭式이 가장 이상적이다.(Fig. 7, 8, 9) 老人福祉의 各種 制度와 프로그램을 유럽에서 받아드려 지역환경에 맞추어 새로이 정립, 정착해가고 있는 濠洲의 현단계는 아직 더 발전하고 개선해 가려는 단계에 있는 시점으로, 많은 건축가들과 개발자들이 가장 의미있는 일에 기여하고 있다고 느끼고 있다. The statement that Nursing Homes are designed for the care of those patient who are in need of nursing and treatment that cannot usually be given in their own homes, but who do not the range of costly and highly specialized facilities of a general hospital, does not in itself give extra information about the services rendered by the Nursing Homes. Where general hospitals do not have special arrangements for geriatric patients and have no rehabilitation programs for them. nursing Homes have to file in the gap and will develop extensive rehabilitation programs. Nursing Homes ought to have an environment that is as pleasant and homely as is compatible with nursing care. All means possible should be used to minimise instititional effect. The provision of nursing home care need not inhibit an atmosphere of pleasant informality. Open planning, recreational spaces both indoors and out, decoration, colour and furnishings can all be used to achieve a friendly character. Wards and bedrooms should be larger than those in hospitals and windows should be planned so that each bed can enjoy its fair share of air, light and view.