A proposal of the Optimal Angle of Standing Assistant Chair for the Elderly by Comparing of Pressure Distribution on Hip

Sung-Ho Chang(장성호),Ji-Hoon Baek(백지훈),Jung-Eon Lee(이중언),Nematov Mirazamjon(Nematov Mirazamjon),Seok-Wan-Kang(강석완),Wang-Bum Lee(이왕범) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.41 No.3

One of the most performed action in daily life is standing up from sitting position. As the population of the world is aging at the high rates, people may face problems with reduced muscle strength as well as psychological changes. This can lead elderly people having difficulties with standing up from chair. Now, with the aging trend worldwide, products are being developed that can support the lives of the elderly. This study examines the distribution of hip pressure in relation to the seating positions of the standing assistance seats under development to prevent standing up accidents in older adults. The currently developing standing assistant chair designed to tilt to a maximum angle of 25 degrees. At over 25°, design considers that older people are at risk of thrown back out of that force and that the forces exerted on their arms and legs can be a significant burden to older people. By considering danger of higher than 25° for older people which is experimented in the basis of static capturing approach in previous papers, it is experimented people with age group of 20~60 on 0° to 25° tilting angle on the basis of dynamic capturing method in order to pick convenient angle of inclination. Moreover, tried to find the optimum angle by comparing the hip pressure distribution when seated at the edge of the seat and at the center of the seat with the pressure distribution sensor.

Thermoplasma acidophilum의 20S Proteasome에 의한 ATPase-활성적 단백질분해에 관한 연구

우기민,장예진,조만희,김창세,김완종,조성호,이상한 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.1

The eukaryotic 26S proteasome is an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic complex consisting of the 20S core particle and 19S ATPase complex. However, because of its complexity and unstable properties, this study was carried out to present more simple and stable model for the ATP-activated proteolytic complex in prokaryotes which can take the place of the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. For this purpose, recombinant Thermoplasma 20S proteasome (T20S) and Methanococcus MS4, a sequence homolog of one ATPase subunit in the 19S ATPase complex, were successfully isolated from Escherichia coli (E. coli). The α and β subunits of T20S expressed in E. coli could assemble for themselves, and showed the peptide-hydrolyzing activity. Whereas both T20S and R20S (the 20S complex from rabbit skeletal muscle) had the highest peptidase activity against Suc-LLVY-AMC, a good substrate for chymotrypsin-like peptidase activity, the specific activity of T20S was slightly lower than that of R20S. In addition, several reagents such as KCI, SDS, and ovalbumin were shown to have different effects on the peptidase activities between T20S and R20S. When the ATPase activity of the purified MS4 were assayed , the Km for ATP was about 0.5 mM, and casein could stimulate the activity more than 2 fold without the change in Km. This result implicates that protein-activated ATPase may induce the conformational change of casein, and therefore suggests that MS4 ATPase may activate the proteolytic activity of the 20S proteasome via accelerating the recognition and translocation of the protein substrates.

Characterization of changes in global gene expression in the brain of neuron-specific enolase/human Tau23 transgenic mice in response to overexpression of Tau protein.

Woo, Jong-Min,Park, So Jung,Kang, Ho Il,Kim, Byoung Guk,Shim, Sun Bo,Jee, Seung Wan,Lee, Su Hae,Sin, Ji Soon,Bae, Chang Joon,Jang, Mee Kyung,Cho, Chunghee,Hwang, Dae Youn,Kim, Chuel Kyu D.A. Spandidos 2010 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE Vol.25 No.5

<P>Tau is a neuronal phosphoprotein responsible for the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. To characterize the changes in global gene expression in the brain of transgenic mice that overexpress human Tau23 protein in response to the increase of Tau23 phosphorylation, total RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 12-month-old transgenic and wild-type mice was converted to cDNA, labeled with biotin and hybridized to oligonucleotide microarrays. The microarray results were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting method. It was determined that 43 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes were down-regulated by Tau23 in transgenic mice compared to controls, based on the arbitrary difference in the 2-fold change. Among the up-regulated transcripts, those encoding for transporter and oxidoreductase were dramatically over-represented, followed by those related to regulatory molecule, cytoskeletal protein, signaling molecule, and extracellular matrix protein. Genes encoding for transcription factor, regulatory molecule, miscellaneous function, and chaperone were significantly reduced in the down-regulated group. The major genes in the up-regulated categories included Ecrg4, Folr1, Defb11, Aqp1 and Soctdc1. The major genes in the down-regulated categories were Ncor1, Gpm6a, and Hspd1. These results indicate that the microarray analysis identifies several gene functional groups and individual genes that respond to a sustained increase in Tau23 phosphorylation levels in the brain of transgenic mice. In addition, the results suggest the microarray test is a useful tool for increased understanding of the role of Tau23 protein in regulating neurodegenerative disorders.</P>

Design of a shape memory composite(SMC) using 4D printing technology

Kang, Minkyu,Pyo, Youngjun,Jang, Joon young,Park, Yunchan,Son, Yeon-Ho,Choi, MyungChan,Ha, Joo wan,Chang, Young-Wook,Lee, Caroline Sunyong Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. A Physical Vol.283 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A fused deposition modeling (FDM) tool was used to fabricate a shape memory composite (SMC) that combined a shape memory alloy (SMA) with a shape memory polymer (SMP). The SMA caused a shape memory effect due to a phase change between martensite and austenite phases, in turn due to a temperature change. Also, the SMP had a shape memory effect caused by changes in the proportions of hard and soft segments near the glass transition temperature (T<SUB>g</SUB>). Usually, common SMAs and SMPs are not reversible, so these materials do not go back to their original shapes once they are deformed. In this study, we fabricated 4D printing actuator via reversible SMC actuations using 3D printing technology. Nylon 12 was used as the 3D printing material in filament form. Moreover, the volume fraction of SMA to SMP was varied to find the optimum ratio for good operation cycles. A volume fraction of SMA:SMP of 1:5 showed the largest length change, of 8 mm, and the most rapid response time, of 4 s in overall dimension of 140mm×10mm×1mm (length×width×thickness).Thus, the SMC showed promising results for the application of stents and valve controllers that could be manufactured by 3D printing technology.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> An 4D printed SMC actuator was fabricated using SMA and SMP with a FDM 3D printer. </LI> <LI> A volume fraction of SMA:SMP of 1:5 showed the largest length change of 8 mm, and the most rapid response time of 4 s. </LI> <LI> The reversible actuator mechanism explains the SMC actuation via each shape memory effect. </LI> <LI> SMC showed potential application for stents and valve controllers via 3D printing technology to achieve customized designs. </LI> </UL> </P>

韓國 高等學生의 動·植物 生理에 對한 誤槪念

張楠基,鄭玩鎬 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.3 No.1

The major purpose of this research was to identify Korean high school students' misconceptions on animal and plant physiology. In order to find out high school students' misconception on animal and plant physiology, the paper and pencil test form of a questionnaire was constructed with 15 items and sent to 541 high shcool students. Their responses were collected and the data was analyzed. According to the analysis of the questionnaire on animal and plant physiology for students, the general lower academic level studends' group had more statistically significant misconceptions compared to higher level students' group in the areas of animal and plant physiology were concerned. But there was not the statistically significant difference in misconceptions about the concepts of amino acids between the two students' groups. The males had many misconceptions about sperm concepts. In the case of concepts on the excretory organ, especially the students from urban area had less misconceptions than the ones from rural area had.

유통경로내 전략적 통합에 미치는 영향요인

김창호,이래완 한국유통정보학회 2000 유통정보학회지 Vol.3 No.2

This study is the research on the cooperation in the channel distribution, so this research's goal is that what is affecting factor in the strategic integration in channel distribution. Strategic integration is a one of the cooper-action what is verifying. Recent researchers recognize the potential importance of this strategic integration as strategic assets. At the most fundamental level, strategic integration between firms begins when the exchange relationship becomes important. That is, within the firm's network, the relationship is core, rather than peripheral. Therefore, strategic integration indicates that the relationship has moved far beyond being simply important to being beneficial to the firm in strategic ways. In the previous research on the strategic integration, there are many factors in affecting the strategic integrations. This study uses the asset specificity, Environmental uncertainty, dependence on the suppliers, relationship age, and flexibility in relationship at the many other affecting factors. According to the empirical research result, asset specificity, environmental uncertainty, and dependence on the suppliers are positively affecting the strategic integration in channel distribution. Relationship age, and flexibility in relationships seemed that theses factors are not affecting the strategic integration; this is because of the unstable environment in distribution industry. So there are needed many studies in this area to measure the factors affecting cooperation between firms

遺傳관련 槪念에 대한 心理的 位階와 그에 따른 敎授效果

宋昌敏,鄭玩鎬 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of gender differences in the psychological hierarchy structure of the genentics-related concepts in the high school science I (Biology) and to define the effective teaching order by comparing the teaching effects of the psychological hierarchy order with those of teaching order of the current text. To study this purpose, six principal concepts(gene, chromosome, mitosis, meiosis, genetic principles, human genetics) were extracted from the tasks analysis. To evaluate the degree of concept achievement, a 24-item concept evaluation instrument was developed. The test items that were developed by each of the concepts based on 12 prototype tasks developed by Frayer(1969) for testing the levels of concept mastery. To analyze the psychological hierarchy, developed test items were applied to 2 classes in the 3th year course in boy' high school and girl' high school each. Ordering theory that was developed by Airasian and Bart was used to analyze high school students' psychological hierarchy. To identify effects of the psychological hierarchy, samples of 83 students of 2 classes in the 2nd year course high school were selected and psychological hierarchy order was implemented to the classrooms for four-months. Nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used in this study as an experimental design. Experimental group applied psychological hierarchy order and control group applied concept order descripted in the current text. The major results of this study are as following: 1. The presence of gender differences in the psychological hierarchy structure is not appear. The psychological hierarchy structure of sex is: gene→genetic principles→chromosome→mitosis→human genetics→meiosis order. On the other hand, concept order descriped in the current texts is: mitosis→chromosome→meiosis→genetic principles→gene→human genetics order. 2. The concept test means score that experimental group applied psychological hierarchy order was significantly higher(p<.05) than the control group in the concept achievement.

동종 조혈모세포이식 후 발생한 크립토콕쿠스 척추염 1예

고윤호,임동준,이성수,조유경,이동건,최정현,김유진,민창기,김동욱,박정미,김춘추,신완식 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Skeletal cryptococcosis is an uncommon infection. Cryptococcus is a common cause of meningitis and infects 7∼10% of patients with AIDS. As well as AIDS, the infection may be seen in association with leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and diabetes, also in patients on steroid medication. But there is no case report of skeletal cryptococcosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of low back pain. She had chronic myelogenous leukemia for 2 years and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 8 months ago. She have been treated with steroid and cyclosporine orally because of chronic graft versus host disease. On examination she was afebrile and had posterior lower lumbar tenderness. But, she had no reduced strength of low extremities. Open biopsy was underwent. Histology demonstrated budding, round-to-oval, refractile yeast-like organisms within debris. The results of a lumbar puncture were unremarkable and cerebrospinal fluid culture failed to grow bacteria and yeast. The patient was treated with amphotericin B (1 gram) and AmBisome□ (2.8 gram) over 6 weeks. Three months after cessation of therapy, the patient was doing well.(Korean J Infect Dis 33:298∼301, 2001)

분자 아형에 따른 유방암의 임상병리학적 분석

한승완, 이호창 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2013 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.23 No.2

연구목적: 유방암의 치료 및 예후는 병기 외에도 유전자 발현 프로파일링에 의해 결정되는 분자아형에 의해서 결정된다. 면역화학염색을 이용한 분류는 분자아형과 유사한 결과를 보인다. 이 연구의 목적은 면역화학염색을 이용하여 분자아형을 분류하고 분자아형간 임상병리학적 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 223명의 침윤관암에서 에스트로겐 수용체, 프로게스테론 수용체, 사람상피성장인자2형 (HER2) 및 ki-67 지수에 대한 면역화학염색을 시행하여 분자아형을 다음과 같이 결정하였다: 관A 형, 관B형, HER2-양성형, 삼중음성형. 이러한 분자아형과 임상병리학적 특징을 분석하였다. 결과: 핵등급과 조직학적 등급, p53 과발현은 HER2-양성형과 삼중음성형이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음 으로 관B형, 관A형 순으로 높았다. 삼중음성형은 다른 아형에 비해 상피내암을 동반하지 않는 예가 많 았으며, 관A형, 관B형에 비해 병리학적 T병기가 높았다. ki-67 증식지수는 삼중음성형이 다른 아형에 비해 높았다. 병리학적 N병기 및 환자의 나이는 아형별로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 이 연구 결과 아형별로 임상 및 병리학적 소견에서 특징적인 양상을 보였다. 이 결과는 유방암 환자의 예후를 예측하고 치료를 결정할 때 가장 효과적인 방법을 선택할 때 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

뇌혈관 협착 환자에서 SPM과 확률뇌지도를 이용한 기저/아세타졸아미드 SPECT의 정량적 분석법의 유용성

이호영,이동수,팽진철,오창완,조맹제,정준기,이명철 대한핵의학회 2002 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.36 No.6

목적: 뇌혈관질환에 있어서 뇌혈류와 뇌혈류예비능을 기저/아세타졸아미드 뇌혈류SPECT로 평가 가능하나 재관류 수술효과를 비교 평가하기 위해서는 정량적인 평가가 필요하다. 대상 및 방법: 12명의 환자(51±15세, 남:녀=6:6)의 수술 전후 기저 시와 아세타졸아미드 부하 뇌관류 SPECT를 SPM에서 공간정규화하고 소뇌의 계수를 기준으로 계수정규화한 후 확률뇌지도(statistical probabilistic anatomical map, SPAM)를 이용하여 부위별 혈류를 정량화하였다. 이 결과로부터 수술 전후 및 정상대조군(59±15세, 남:녀=10:11)과의 비교를 McNemar test와Mann-Whiteny test를 이용하여 비교하였다. 혈류예비능은 기저 시와 부하시의 차이를 기저 시 계수를 기준으로 백분율로 표현하였다. 결과: 수술 후 수술 부위의 기저 시와 아세타졸아미드 부하 시 혈류 그리고 혈류예비능 모두가 유의하게 향상되었다(p<0.05). 정상군과의 비교에 있어서는 기저 시 혈류는 정상군과 차이가 없을 정도로 호전되었으나, 아세타졸아미드 부하시 혈류와 혈류예비능은 수술 후에도 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 혈류예비능은 주로 수술부위를 중심으로 향상되었다. 결론: SPM 및 SPAM을 이용하여 기저/아세타졸아미드 뇌혈류 SPECT의 수술 전후결과를 정량적, 객관적으로 쉽게 비교 평가할 수 있다. Purpose: While cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve could be evaluated with basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT in cerebrovascular disease, objective quantification is necessary to assess the efficacy of the revasculariztion. In this study we adopted the SPM method to quantify basal cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve on basal/acetazolamide SPECT in assessment of the patients who underwent bypass surgery for linternal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients (51±15 years) with ICA stenosis were enrolled. Tc-99m-HMPAO basal/acetazolamide perfusion SPECT was performed before and after bypass surgery. After spatial and count normalization to cerebellum, basal cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were compared with 21 age-matched normal controls and postoperative changes of regional blood flow and reserve were assessed by Statistical Parametric Mapping method. Mean pixel values of each brain region were calculated using probabilistic anatomical map of lobes. Perfusion reserve was defined as the % changes after acetazolamide over basal counts. Results: Preoperative cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve were significantly decreased in involved ICA territory, comparing with normal control (p<0.05). Postoperative improvement of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve was observed in grafted ICA territories, but cerebrovascular reserve remained with significant difference with normal control. Improvement of the cerebrovascular reserve was most prominent in the superior temporal and the angular gyrus, nearest to the anastomosis sites. Conclusion: Using SPM quantification method on basal/acetazolamide Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT, the cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve could be assessed before revascularization and so could the efficacy of the bypass surgery. (Korean J Nucl Med 2002;36;357-67)