mtDNA D-loop 서열에 기초한 백한우의 유전적 다양성 및 Haplogroup 분류

김재환,진대혁,이재영,김승창 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2021 농업생명과학연구 Vol.55 No.6

백한우는 한우에서 유래되었으며, 모색과 망막에 색소가 전혀 없는 전형적인 알비노 증상을 보인다. 본 연구는 mtDNA D-loop 영역 전체 서열에 기초하여 백한우의 모계유전특성을 분석하기 위해 수행하였다. 백한우에서 특이적으로 나타나는 TYR 유전자 exon 2 영역의 염기변이를 PCR-RFLP 분석을 통해 확인하였다. 이 결과를 통해서 본 연구에서 공시한 32두 모두 백한우임을 확인하였다. 백한우 32두에 대한 mtDNA D-loop 영역 전체 서열을 이용하여 염기변이 및 유전적 다양성을 확인하였다. A, T, C, G 염기 각각의 빈도는 32.8, 28.9, 24.4 및 13.9%, GC 함량은 38.3%로 확인되었으며, 이러한 빈도는 타 소품종들과 유사하였다. 또한 9개의 다형부위가 확인되었고, 6개의 haplotype으로 분류되었다. haplotype 다양성지수는 0.651, 염기변이율은 0.00181로 확인되었으며, 기존에 보고된 다른 소품종들보다 낮은 수치를 보였다. 염기변이 양상 비교 및 계통유전학적 분석 결과, 백한우에서 나타난 6개의 haplotype은 T1 및 T3 haplogroup으로 분류되었으며, 특히 5개 haplotype이 T3 haplogroup에 포함되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 백한우의 보존, 관리 및 활용을 위한 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. White Hanwoo, derived from Hanwoo, appears to be a typical albinism in the hair and retina. This study was conducted to analyze the maternal origin of White Hanwoo based on the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region. We identified the base mutation in exon 2 of the tyrosinase (TYR) gene, which appears specifically in White Hanwoo, by using PCR-RFLP analysis, and confirmed that all 32 samples collected for this study were White Hanwoo. Using the complete sequences of the mtDNA D-loop region, we identified the sequence variation and genetic diversity. The frequencies of A, T, C, and G bases were 32.8, 28.9, 24.4, and 13.9%, respectively, while the GC content was 38.3%. This frequency was similar to that of other cattle breeds. We identified 9 polymorphic sites and classified them into 6 haplotypes; the haplotype and nucleotide diversity were 0.651 and 0.00181, respectively. These genetic diversity levels of White Hanwoo were lower than those of other cattle breeds. Given the mutation pattern and phylogenetic analysis, we classified the six haplotypes into T1 and T3 haplogroups. In particular, five haplotypes were included in the T3 haplogroup. The results of this study may be used as important data for conservation, management and use of White Hanwoo.

FSH 호르몬 주사가 횡성약닭 신성정액 생산에 미치는 영향

김성우,이가영,진대혁,정유다,이재영,김찬란,고응규,김봉기,최창용 한국가금학회 2022 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.11

DAD-IS에 등재된 한국 토종닭 6품종의 성장 및 산란 능력 조사

송희망,김승창,조상래,진대혁 한국가금학회 2023 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.50 No.4

본 연구는 한국 토종닭의 국가 주권 확보를 목적으로 DAD-IS에 등재된 한국 토종닭 여섯 품종의 성장 및 산란 능력을 조사하고, 품종 간 특성 차이를 평가하고자 실시되었다. 시험계는 국립축산과학원 가축유전자원센터에서 보존하고 있는 한국 레그혼, 경북 아라우카나, 한국 재래종, 한국 오계, 현인닭, 그리고 횡성약닭이다. 수컷 토종닭의 생체중은 전체 조사 기간 동안 경북 아라우카나가 가장 높았고, 한국 레그혼과 한국 오계가 낮았다(P<0.0001, 수컷 횡성약닭 데이터 미포함). 암컷 토종닭의 생체중은 경북 아라우카나가 가장 높고, 횡성약닭이 연구에 이용된 모든 품종 중 현저하게 낮았다(P<0.0001). 품종 간 산란 능력 비교 결과로는 한국 레그혼 품종이 산란율이 가장 높았으며, 횡성약닭이 가장 낮았다(P<0.0001). 24∼40주령의 평균 난중은 경북 아라우카나 품종이 가장 높았으며, 현인닭이 제일 낮고 그 다음으로 횡성약닭이 낮았다(P<0.0001). 또한, 토착종의 평균 난중이 재래종보다 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 산란율과 난중을 함께 고려한 산란량은 한국 레그혼이 가장 높았고(P<0.0001), 모든 재래품종과 비교하였을 때 유의적으로 높았다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과를 종합해 보면, 성장 및 산란 능력의 품종에 의한 차이는 뚜렷하였고, 조사된 품종 중 성장 능력은 경북 아라우카나가 가장 뛰어났으며, 산란 능력은 한국 레그혼이 가장 좋았다. 이는 경제성이 뛰어난 토착종에 대한 지속적인 국가 데이터 확보와 이를 통한 국가적 주권 확보의 중요성을 암시한다. Following the Animal genetic resource for food and agriculture (AnGR) is considered as an independent resource for the possessing country, ensuring the sovereignty of AnGR is important. The present study investigated the growth and egg production performance of six breed enrolled in DAD-IS for the purpose of securing scientific data on AnGR in Korea. A total of 323 chickens (female 181, male 142) were used in this study, with the following six breeds: Korean Leghorn (LEG), Gyeongbuk Araucana (ARA), Korean native chicken (KNC), Korean Ogye (Ogye), Hyunindak (HIL), Heongseongyakdak (HYD). The body weight of male ARA from hatching to 32 weeks of age was the highest among the breeds, and LEG and Ogye were relatively lower (P<0.0001, excluded body weight data of HYD). The body weight of female ARA was the highest and HYD was significantly the lowest among the female chicken breeds (P<0.0001). The laying percentage was the highest in LEG and was the lowest in HYD among the breeds (P<0.0001). The average egg weight from 20 to 40 weeks of age was the highest in ARA, followed by LEG and was the lowest in Ogye (P<0.0001), and the adapted breed including LEG and ARA was higher than indigenous breed (P<0.05). Egg mass production was the highest in Korean Leghorn. Collectively, these results show that ARA has the best growth ability, and LEG has the best egg production performance among the used breeds. This suggests that the adapted breed with high commercial performance is important AnGR in Korea.

한국의 토종닭 유전자원의 보존 현황 조사 연구

김민준,조은진,조성현,추효준,진대혁,이준헌 한국동물유전육종학회 2022 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Korean native chicken populations have been raised by private farmers in the Korean Peninsula. Only five chicken populations were restored as pure lines officially and have been conserved by National Institute of Animal Science. However, there were several private chicken farms that still have raised native chickens as genetic resources. Here, we investigated conservation status of native chicken populations exist throughout Korea. Two of the three industrialized farms were well-run with individual management and animal breeding. And only three of the eight small farms were managing individuals and differentiating them by generation, and two of the three national institutions maintained proper breed conservation status. In many small farms, the maintenance of population size and preservation of the genetic resource of various chicken breeds were insufficient. And also, it was difficult to improve the performance of populations through selection and breeding. To conserve diverse Korean native chicken populations and develop native chicken breeds, it is obvious that more concerns and support should be provided to the small chicken farms.

Valine 아미노산 첨가가 닭 정액 동결, 첨체 손상도, 수정률 및 부화율에 미치는 영향

이재영,이가영,고응규,조상래,김찬란,진대혁,이세영,김승창,김관우,최봉환,김동교,김성우 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.11

Every year, the poultry industry is threatened by infectious diseases, resulting in genetic resource loss. Thus, a technology is required to preserve poultry genetic resources permanently and maintain the genetic diversity of native Korean species. We investigated the effects of adding valine, an essential amino acid, on the acrosome integrity, fertility, and hatchability of frozen-thawed semen. The vitality of freeze-thawed semen from Ogye, a native Korean chicken, was analyzed by Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Acrosome integrity, fertility, and hatchability were analyzed separately. The motility of freeze-thawed sperm was higher in the 10 mM valine-treated group than in the non-treated control group (57.9 ± 1.0 vs. 69.9 ± 0.8%; p < 0.0001 ), and the sperm percentage that retained intact acrosome was significantly higher in the 10 mM valine group (92.8 ± 1.0% vs. 78.7 ± 4.8; p = 0.0156 ). Fertility and hatchability were non-significantly different in these two groups. The study shows that supplementation with 10 mM valine in diluent can protect Ogye semen from cryodamage and does not increase the total number of nested spermatozoa in sperm storage tubules (SSTs) for fertilization.

K-Means Clustering으로 분류한 닭 깃털색 표현형의 분석

박종호,허선영,김민준,조은진,차지혜,진대혁,고영준,이승환,이준헌 한국가금학회 2022 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.49 No.3

RGB 조건에서 하나의 픽셀은 255의 세제곱 개 이상의 색상을 표현할 수 있다. 현재까지의 컴퓨터 비전 연구는 조류에서 나타나는 다양한 깃털색 표현형에 대해 세밀히 분석하여 종을 구분하였지만, GWAS에 이용될 목적을 위해 다양하게 유전되는 색상을 단순화하지 못하였다고 판단된다. 본 연구는 연산오계(YO)와 백색레그혼(WL) 상호 역교배 F2 집단을 이용하였으며 이미지 양자화를 통하여 이미지의 크기를 줄이고 저장을 용이하게 하였으며 깃털색의 원인 유전자 탐색을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하기 위하여 육안으로 결정하였던 다양한 깃털색을 단순화하였다. 특히, GWAS 연구에 필요한 수치화된 표현형을 제시하였다는 측면에서 가치가 있다고 판단된다.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Kyrgyz Native Horse and Korean Horses using Microsatellite Markers

Seungchang Kim(김승창),Bolot Toktosunov,Myrzakul Israilov,Daehyeok Jin(진대혁),HuiMang Song(송희망),Jae-Yeong Lee(이재영),Sangrae Cho(조상래),Bong-Hwan Choi(최봉환),Sungsil Moon(문성실),Jae-Young Choi(최재영),Asankadyr Zhunu 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.10

키르기즈 재래마는 키르기즈 공화국에서 경제적으로나 전통적으로 중요한 가축 중 하나이며 키르기즈스탄 사람들의 역사와 가치를 대표하고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 국내 말 품종과의 비교 분석을 통해 키르기스 재래마의 유전적 다양성, 구조 및 특성을 파악하기 위한 것이다. 19개의 초위성체 마커를 사용하여 키르기스 재래마와 한국 품종 3종(제주마, 제주 교배종, 서러브레드)의 특성을 분석했다. 관찰된 평균 이형접합도와 기대 이형접합도는 각각 0.689, 0.794로 나타났다. 키르기즈 재래마의 평균 대립유전자 수는 9.474개였다. 다형성정보량(PIC)은 6개의 유전자좌(AHT4, TKY297, VHL20, LEX3, ASB17, HTG10)에서 높은 다형성(> 0.8)을 나타냈다. 계통 발생학적 분석, 요인 대응 분석(FCA), 혼합도 분석 결과 네 품종이 네 가지 집단으로 분리된 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 키르기즈 재래 마의 지속적인 보존을 위해 근친교배를 고려한 꾸준한 관리 계획 교배가 필요할 것으로 고려되며, 향후 유전자원 유지 및 보전 계획 수립의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The Kyrgyz native horse (KH) is one of the economically and traditionally important livestock in the Kyrgyz Republic, representing the history and values of the Kyrgyz people. The Objectives of this study were to determine the genetic diversity, structure, and characteristics of KH through comparative analysis with Korean horse breeds. The KH and three Korean breeds (Jeju horse, Jeju crossbred, throughbred) were characterized by using 19 microsatellite markers. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.689 and 0.794, respectively. The mean number of alleles for the KH was 9.474. The polymorphism information content (PIC) showed that six loci (AHT4, TKY297, VHL20, LEX3, ASB17 and HTG10) were highly polymorphic (> 0.8). The Phylogenetic analysis, factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) and admixture analysis showed that four breeds were separated into four different populations. Based on these results, it is considered that steady management planned breeding considering inbreeding is necessary for the continued presevation of KH, and it could be used as a basis for future genetic resource maintenance and conservation planning.

Application of genomic big data to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of Korean domestic chickens

Eunjin Cho,Minjun Kim,Jae-Hwan Kim,Hee-Jong Roh,김승창,진대혁,Dae Cheol Kim,Jun Heon Lee 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.5

Genetic diversity analysis is crucial for maintaining and managing genetic resources. Several studies have examined the genetic diversity of Korean domestic chicken (KDC) populations using microsatellite markers, but it is difficult to capture the characteristics of the whole genome in this manner. Hence, this study analyzed the genetic diversity of several KDC populations using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data. We examined 935 birds from 21 KDC populations, including indigenous and adapted Korean native chicken (KNC), Hyunin and Jeju KDC, and Hanhyup commercial KDC populations. A total of 212,420 SNPs of 21 KDC populations were used for calculating genetic distances and fixation index, and for ADMIXTURE analysis. As a result of the analysis, the indigenous KNC groups were genetically closer and more fixed than the other groups. Furthermore, Hyunin and Jeju KDC were similar to the indigenous KNC. In comparison, adapted KNC and Hanhyup KDC populations derived from the same original species were genetically close to each other, but had different genetic structures from the others. In conclusion, this study suggests that continuous evaluation and management are required to prevent a loss of genetic diversity in each group. Basic genetic information is provided that can be used to improve breeds quickly by utilizing the various characteristics of native chickens.

컴퓨터 비전을 이용한 검정색 닭 깃털 색의 전장 유전체 연관성 분석

허선영,조성현,박종호,Dinh N. Phuong Thanh,정윤지,차지혜,진대혁,김영국,고영준,이승환,이준헌 한국가금학회 2022 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.11

Genome-wide association study for the free amino acid and nucleotide components of breast meat in an F2 crossbred chicken population

Minjun Kim,Eunjin Cho,Jean Pierre Munyaneza,Thisarani Kalhari Ediriweera,Jihye Cha,진대혁,Sunghyun Cho,Jun Heon Lee 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.1

Flavor is an important sensory trait of chicken meat. The free amino acid (FAA) and nucleotide (NT) components of meat are major factors affecting meat flavor during the cooking process. As a genetic approach to improve meat flavor, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify the potential candidate genes related to the FAA and NT components of chicken breast meat. Measurements of FAA and NT components were recorded at the age of 10 weeks from 764 and 767 birds, respectively, using a White leghorn and Yeonsan ogye crossbred F2 chicken population. For genotyping, we used 60K Illumina single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. We found a total of nine significant SNPs for five FAA traits (arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine content, and the essential FAAs and one NT trait (inosine content), and six significant genomic regions were identified, including three regions shared among the essential FAAs, arginine, and inosine content traits. A list of potential candidate genes in significant genomic regions was detected, including the KCNRG, KCNIP4, HOXA3, THSD7B, and MMUT genes. The essential FAAs had significant gene regions the same as arginine. The genes related to arginine content were involved in nitric oxide metabolism, while the inosine content was possibly affected by insulin activity. Moreover, the threonine content could be related to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. The genes and SNPs identified in this study might be useful markers in chicken selection and breeding for chicken meat flavor.