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Jean Pierre Munyaneza1,Jean de Dieu Rukundo,Aaron Niyonsaba 한국동물유전육종학회 2021 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.5 No.4
The most common poultry production system in Rwanda is an extensive system based on rearing indigenous chicken with low productivity. The objective of the present review was to highlight the challenges and opportunities of poultry farming, genetic resources, and strategies to improve poultry production in Rwanda. Poultry farming in Rwanda is facing many challenges including, feed scarcity, dependency on day-old chick imports, and poor access to credit, poor housing, and poor local genetic breeds and diseases. On the other hand, it presents opportunities such as active participation of public agencies in livestock research and improvement, higher chicken meat acceptance, and low start-up capital. Rwanda needs to pay more attention to its diversified indigenous chicken to select the best parent stocks to improve poultry production.
Evaluation of Fatty Acid Composition in Korean Native Chicken Breast Meat
Jean Pierre Munyaneza,조은진,김민준,장애라,추효준,이준헌 한국가금학회 2024 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.51 No.1
This study was conducted to investigate the composition of the fatty acids in the breast meat of Red-brown Korean native chickens (KNC-R). This study used a total sample of three hundred eighty-two KNC-R (males: 190, females: 192). We used the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method to extract the fatty acids. A 2-way ANOVA of the R program was used to assess the effects of batch and sex on each fatty acid trait. Analysis of the fatty acid in the sampled population showed that the predominant fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1; 28.252%) which is monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0; 20.895%), saturated fatty acid (SFA), and two omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs): linoleic (C18:2; 15.975%), and arachidonic (C20:4; 10.541%). Indices used to evaluate the nutritional quality of fat in the diet: ratio between PUFAs and SFAs (P/S), thrombogenicity index (TI), and atherogenicity index (AI) were calculated and were 0.959, 0.814, and 0.355, respectively. Currently, meat consumers need healthier fatty acids. Therefore, information on the content of fatty acid in chicken meat is very important for meat consumers in choosing the type of the meat to be consumed.
Munyaneza Jean Pierre,Kim Minjun,Cho Eunjin,Jang Aera,Choo Hyo Jun,이준헌 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.9
Objective: This study aimed to identify the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dual-specificity phosphatase 8 (DUSP8) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) genes and to explore their effects on inosine-5′-monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and hypoxanthine contents in Korean native chicken -red-brown line (KNC-R Line). Methods: A total sample of 284 (males, n = 127; females n = 157) and 230 (males, n = 106; females, n = 124) aged of 10 weeks old KNC-R line was used for genotyping of DUSP8 and IGF2 genes, respectively. One SNP (rs313443014 C>T) in DUSP8 gene and two SNPs (rs315806609A/G and rs313810945T/C) in IGF2 gene were used for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and KASP methods, respectively. The Two-way analysis of variance of the R program was used to associate DUSP8 and IGF2 genotypes with nucleotide contents in KNC-R chickens. Results: The DUSP8 (rs313443014 C>T) was polymorphic in KNC-R line and showed three genotypes: CC, CT, and TT. The IGF2 gene (rs315806609A/G and rs313810945T/C) was also polymorphic and had three genotypes per SNP, including GG, AG, and AA for the SNP rs315806609A/G and genotypes: CC, CT, and TT for the SNP rs313810945T/C. Association resulted into a strong significant association (p<0.01) with IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine. Moreover, the significant effect of sex (p<0.05) on nucleotide content was also observed. Conclusion: The SNPs in the DUSP8 and IGF2 genes might be used as genetic markers in the selection and production of chickens with highly flavored meat.
Minjun Kim,Eunjin Cho,Jean Pierre Munyaneza,Thisarani Kalhari Ediriweera,Jihye Cha,진대혁,Sunghyun Cho,Jun Heon Lee 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.1
Flavor is an important sensory trait of chicken meat. The free amino acid (FAA) and nucleotide (NT) components of meat are major factors affecting meat flavor during the cooking process. As a genetic approach to improve meat flavor, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify the potential candidate genes related to the FAA and NT components of chicken breast meat. Measurements of FAA and NT components were recorded at the age of 10 weeks from 764 and 767 birds, respectively, using a White leghorn and Yeonsan ogye crossbred F2 chicken population. For genotyping, we used 60K Illumina single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. We found a total of nine significant SNPs for five FAA traits (arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine content, and the essential FAAs and one NT trait (inosine content), and six significant genomic regions were identified, including three regions shared among the essential FAAs, arginine, and inosine content traits. A list of potential candidate genes in significant genomic regions was detected, including the KCNRG, KCNIP4, HOXA3, THSD7B, and MMUT genes. The essential FAAs had significant gene regions the same as arginine. The genes related to arginine content were involved in nitric oxide metabolism, while the inosine content was possibly affected by insulin activity. Moreover, the threonine content could be related to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. The genes and SNPs identified in this study might be useful markers in chicken selection and breeding for chicken meat flavor.
John Kariuki Macharia,Elijah Oketch Ogolah,Jean Pierre Munyaneza 한국동물유전육종학회 2022 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.6 No.4
As a larger part of the livestock sector, the poultry farming sub-sector plays a vital role in the Kenyan economy by being a source of food, income, raw materials, and employment to many. Indigenous poultry farming is widely practised in rural households with a significant role in their financial stability and livelihoods. Indigenous chicken products are preferred by consumers due to their unique taste, high nutritional value, and organic production. The increased demand could offer an opportunity for the expansion of indigenous chicken farming in Kenya. Indigenous chickens are commonly reared extensively due to their scavenging abilities and resistance to diseases when compared to exotic breeds. Extensive systems of chicken farming face several challenges that limit productivity including diseases, poor husbandry practises, high cost of feeds, and unreliable marketing channels. Thus, the subsistence rearing of indigenous chickens with poor management practices can be characterized by lower production levels and profit margins. Nevertheless, all is not lost as there are promising opportunities to improve the productivity of indigenous chickens. This manuscript aims to describe the production systems and highlight constraints and opportunities for the expansion of indigenous chicken farming in Kenya.