송전철탑 Compact화에 따른 전기환경 영향 연구

이정원,이원교,이동일,Lee, Jung-Won,Lee, Won-Kyo,Lee, Dong-Il 한국전기전자재료학회 2010 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.23 No.8

The continuous increase demand for electric power leads to the additional construction of transmission facilities, but it is not easy to acquire right-of-way for transmission facilities. Therefor, there is a need for compact tower that can be built on a narrow right-of-way the compact tower with polymer insulation arm is a solution. It can be upgrading conventional 154 kV transmission line voltages to 345 kV levels. However transmission voltage is increasing, environment interference (corona noise, radio interference, etc.) will occur gradually. This environment interference is depending on the electrical clearances of tower and configuration of conductors. Therefore the analysis of the factors of environmental interference is necessary in order to upgrading transmission voltage. This paper presents the design factor of a compact tower to meet the environmental interference standard.

가공송전철탑 경량화 설계에 관한 연구

이정원,이원교,Lee, Jung-Won,Lee, Won-Kyo 한국전기전자재료학회 2010 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.23 No.7

This paper presents the design factor of an overhead transmission tower structure in order to reduce the tower weight. The behaviour of transmission tower structures are affected by the horizontal angle of the tower structure, the equivalent wind pressure group, the slope of the main post of the tower, the separation of the internode and the use of high-strength materials in their construction. Tower weight can be reduced by approximately 30% reduce weight by means of optimal design based on a consideration of all the above factors. In addition, the design of the foundation of the tower with the shear key installation to increase horizontal support together with a modified angle of inclination to the ground can reduce by about 37% the amount of concrete used during construction. The area of ground disturbed by the construction of the tower foundation can thus be reduced by approximately 33%. Therefore it is possible to build an environmently-friendly T/L tower with the mechanical properties of existing towers.

지역사회 획득 소아 요로 감염에서 Extended-Spectrum ${\beta}-Lactamase$ 생성

이정원,신지선,서정완,이미애,이승주,Lee Jung-Won,Shin Jee-Sun,Seo Jeong-Wan,Lee Mi-Ae,Lee Seung-Joo 대한소아신장학회 2004 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.8 No.2

목적: 소아 요로감염은 적절한 항생제 치료가 중요하며 항생제의 선택에는 E. coli에 대한 항생제 감수성이 기준이 된다. Extended-spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase(ESBL)$은 E. coli 등 그람음성균에서 분비되어 광범위 항생제 내성을 초래하는 효소로서 주로 병원 감염에서 발생하여 치료를 어렵게 하는 요인으로 알려져 있다 저자들은 지역사회 획득 소아 요로감염에서도 ESBL(+) E. coli가 분리되었기에 ESBL(+) E. coli 요로감염의 특성을 후향적으로 조사하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 3월부터 2003년 2월까지 이대목동병원 소아과에 입원한 지역사회 획득 E. coli 요로감염 소아(288명)를 대상으로 ESBL을 검사하였다. 검사 방법은 미량 액체배지 희석법을 이용한 자동화 기계(Vitek GNS 433 card)에서 ESBL이 의심되는 균주에 한해 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS)의 기준에 따라 ESBL을 확인하였다. ESBL의 결과에 따라 ESBL(+) E. coli 요로감염의 발생률을 조사하였고 임상적 특징, 위험요인, 항생제 내성률 및 치료효과 등을 ESBL(-) E. coli 요로감염과 비교 분석하였다. 결과:지역사회 획득 소아 요로감염에서 ESBL(+) E. coli의 발생률은 10.8%(31명)이였고 93.5%(29/31)가 6개월 미만의 영아에서 발생하였다(P<0.01). 임상소견은 ESBL 양성군과 음성군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. ESBL 밭생의 위험인자로 잘 알려진 항생제 사용력, 입원병력 및 요로계 기형과도 무관하였다. ESBL(+) E. coli의 항생제 내성률은 ESBL(-) E. coli 에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). Ceftriaxone 투여 48시간 후의 멸균률은 ceftriaxone에 대한 높은 내성률에도 불구하고 96.8%(30/31)로 높았다. 그러나 6개월 이내의 재발률이 25.8%(9/31)나 되었고 이는 ESBL 음성군의 재발률 6.6%(17/227)에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(P<0.05). 결론: 지역사회 획득 소아 요로감염에서 6개월 미만의 어린 영아는 ESBL(+) E. coli 발생의 새로운 위험요인이므로 이에 대한 역학적 연구가 요구된다. 소아 요로감염에서 경험적으로 사용하는 항생제의 선택에 대한 변화가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Appropriate antibiotic therapy is important in childhood urinary tract infection and the selection of anibiotics is based on antimicrobial sensitivity of Escherichia coli. Extended-Spectrum ${\beta}-Lactamase(ESBL)$ is an enzyme produced by gram-negative bacilli that has the ability to hydrolyse penicillins, broad-spectrum cephalosporin and monobactam. There have been many reports of outbreaks of hospital infection by ESBL-producing organism. However, community-acquired infection with ESBL-producing organism are rare. This study was performed to retrospectively identify the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of ESBL (+) E. coli in community-acquired childhood UTI. Methods: In 288 children admitted in Ewha Womans University Hospital with E. coli UTI from Mar 2001 to February 2003, ESBL was isolated. ESBL was confirmed by the utilization of an automatized machine(Vitek GNS 433 card) using liquid medium dilution method according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard. The clinical characteristics, risk factors, antimicrobial resistance and treatment effectiveness were compared with ESBL(-) E. coli UTI. Results: Of 288 E. coli isolates, 31(10.8%) produced ESBL and 93.5%(29/31) occurred in infants younger than 6 month of age(P<0.01). No significant differences were noted in prior antibiotic use, prior admission history and underlying urogenital anomaly. Antimicrobial resistance was significantly higher in ESBL(+) E. coli compared with control patients (P<0.05). Although ceftriaxone showed 100% resistance in ESBL(+) E. coli, bacteriologic sterilization rate after ceftriaxone therapy was higher(96.8%). However, the recurrence rate of febrile UTI within 6 months was higher(25.8%) than control patients(6.6%). Conclusion: Epidemiologic study is required to find out any new risk factors of community-acquired ESBL(+) E. coli UTI and changes in selection of empirical antibiotics should be considered.

유사어 벡터 확장을 통한 XML태그의 유사성 검사

이정원,이혜수,이기호,Lee, Jung-Won,Lee, Hye-Soo,Lee, Ki-Ho 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.29 No.9

XML(extensible Markup Language)문서가 웹 문서의 표준으로 자리 매김 할 수 있는 가장 큰 성공요인은 사용자가 문서 타입을 기술할 수 있는 유연성(flexibility)이다. 그러나 XML의 유연성으로 야기되는 문제점은 동일한 의미를 표현하기 위해 XML문서 작성자마다 서로 다른 태그명과 구조를 사용한다는 점이다. 즉 서로 다른 태그 집합, 요소(element), 속성(attribute)에 대한 서로 다른 이름 또는 다른 문서 구조로 인해 다른 태그로 표현된 문서는 서로 다른 부류의 문서로 간주되기 쉽다. 따라서 본 논문은 XML태그에 내재된 의미 정보(semantic information)와 구조 정보(structured information)를 추출하여 의미적으로 최대한 유사한 동의어로 확장하고, XML문서의 확장된 태그간의 의미적 유사도를 비교 분석할 수 있는 개념 기반의 태그 패턴 매처(Tag Pattern Matcher)를 설계 구현하였다. 두 XML문서의 태그간의 의미적 유사도에 가중치를 부여하여 기존의 비구조적인(semi-structured) 문서를 위한 벡터 스페이스 모델(vector space model)을 확장함으로써 두 XML문서가 유사한지를 파악할 수 있다. The success of XML(eXtensible Markup Language) is primarily based on its flexibility : everybody can define the structure of XML documents that represent information in the form he or she desires. XML is so flexible that XML documents cannot be automatically provided with an underlying semantics. Different tag sets, different names for elements or attributes, or different document structures in general mislead the task of classifying and clustering XML documents precisely. In this paper, we design and implement a system that allows checking the semantic-based similarity between XML tags. First, this system extracts the underlying semantics of tags and then expands the synonym set of tags using an WordNet thesaurus and user-defined word library which supports the abbreviation forms and compound words for XML tags. Seconds, considering the relative importance of XML tags in the XML documents, we extend a conventional vector space model which is the most generally used for document model in Information Retrieval field. Using this method, we have been able to check the similarity between XML tags which are represented different tags.

우라늄 및 희토류(稀土流) 산화물(酸化物)의 황화반응(黃化反應)에 대한 열역학적(熱力學的) 고찰(考察)

이정원,이재원,강권호,박근일,Lee, Jung-Won,Lee, Jae-Won,Kang, Kweon-Ho,Park, Geun-Il 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2012 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.21 No.1

우라늄 및 희토류(RE: rare-earth) 산화물의 황화반응에 대한 $M-O_2-S_2$ 상태도 및 Gibbs 자유에너지 변화(${\Delta}G^{\circ}$)와 같은 열역학적 특성 자료를 비교, 분석하여 우라늄 및 회토류 산화물의 혼합상에서 황화반응에 의해 희토류산화물만 희토류황화물로의 선택적 반응이 가능한지를 조사하였다. 황화제로는 $CS_2$가 적합하였는데, $CS_2$는 다른 황화제보다 강한 황화재이며 반응온도를 낮출 수 있다. $CS_2$를 황화제로 이용하여 $U_2-O_2-S_2$ 및 $RE-O_2-S_2$의 상태도를 비교한 결과, $UO_2$은 반응하여 UOS로 전환되며 희토류산화물은 반응하여 희토류황화물이 되었다. 희토류산화물의 황화반응에 의한 ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$는 우라늄산화물의 ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$보다 낮았다. 따라서 희토류와 우라늄 산화물 혼합상은 $300{\sim}800^{\circ}C$에서의 황화반응 시에 평형상태에서 우라늄산황화물과 희토류황화물이 우선적으로 생성된다. In order to evaluate the feasibility of selective sulfidization of uranium and rare-earth(RE) oxides, an analysis on thermodynamic data, such as $M-O_2-S_2$ phase stability diagram and changes of Gibbs free energy for sulfidization of uranium and rare-earth oxides were carried out. Comparing $RE-O_2-S_2$ with $U-O_2-S_2$ phase stability diagram at wide range of sulfur potential, $UO_2$ remains unreacted, while RE oxides are sulfidized. The Gibbs free energy change(${\Delta}G^{\circ}$) of sulfidization of RE oxides is lower than that of uranium oxides. Thus, the selective formation of RE sulfides is possible during sulfidization of RE and uranium oxides at lower temperature. $CS_2$ was selected as a sulfidizing agent, because it is a stronger sulfidizing agent than other agents and reacts at lower temperature.

동서양의 신부 화장에 관한 연구 -한국의 전통혼례를 중심으로-

이정원 ( Jung Won Lee ),구자명 ( Ja Myung Kuh ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The intention of this study is I have right understand and inherit and advance the traditional wedding as I am research make up and hail styles in the traditional wedding. Research way of mine is the books of the traditional wedding and the preceding thesis. The first, our traditional wedding is a man goes to a woman`s house and they have a wedding ceremony and then begin a new marriage life in woman`s home. These kinds of our traditional wedding is mixed with Chines traditional wedding of confucianism and formed six ceremony which is Hon-dam, Nap-chae, Nap-gi, Nap-pae, Yae-sik and Oo-gui. The second, the formal dress of groom is Sa-mo, Dan-ryoung, Poom-dae and Hwa. the formal dress of bride is Hwal-ot or Won-sam tied with Dae-dae. A hair ornaments Jok-doo-lee or Hwa-gwan with an ornam400al hairpin(Bee-nyou), Youp-daeng-gee, Do-too-lak-daeng-gee and No-ri-gae. Bride`s shoes is Oon-hyae and Dang-hyae. The third, bride make up her face with a little more bright color, arch type eyebrows, red or a rouge on her cheek(Youn-jee), brow(Gon-jee) and lips. The nature and light make up color have to match with a korean traditional dress. It is better good give points to lips only. Otherwise, bride makeup in western wedding generally uses pearl feeling shadow eyes makeup on a shining skin and characters eyes with emphasis eye line. Lips use light pink lip gloss. The fourth, Hair is each half part in her ones and combs her hair back with a dense comb(Cham-bit) and braid and ties of her hair on back and low position of her neck. Then band fold up a braid imitate hair(Dal-bee) and tucks up the hair with red Daeng-gee(pigtail ribbon) and fixes it with an ornamental hairpin.

보기막성방(補氣膜性方)이 Cationized Bovine Serum Albumin투여로 유발된 Mouse의 Membranous Nephropathy에 미치는 영향

이정원,조충식,깅철중,Lee, Jung-Won,Cho, Chung-Sik,Kim, Cheol-Jung 대한한방내과학회 2008 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.29 No.4

Objective : We aimed to identify the effects of Bogimakseong-bang(BGMSB) treatment on cBSA-induced MN in a mouse model. Methods : We divided 20 mice into 4 groups. The normal group (NR) had no treatment. We used cBSA to induced MN to the other 3 groups. One group (CT) was treated with cBSA (7mg/kg i.p) only. The second (BG-250) was treated with cBSA (7mg/kg i.p) and BGMSB extract (250mg/kg, p.o). The third group (BG-500) was treated with cBSA(7mg/kg i.p) and BGMSB extract (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and BGMSB extract treatment for 4 weeks, proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, BUN, total nucleated spleen cell number and total infiltrated kidney cell number of all groups were measured. CD3e+/CD19+ and CD4+/CD8 cells ratio of peripheral blood, kidney and spleen of all groups were analyzed. $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IgG, IgM, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels of all groups were gauged. Histological analysis of kidney tissue and immunohistochemical staining (CD4 CD8) of kidneys were observed. Results : Proteinuria significantly decreased and serum albumin increased in groups treated with cBSA and BGMSB extract compared with the control. Total cholesterol decreased but not significantly. CD3e+/CD19cells ratio of peripheral blood decreased. CD3e+/CD19+ and CD4+/CD8 cells percentage of kidney and spleen showed no significant change. Level of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 significantly decreased. and $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased but has not significantly. Concentration of IgG and IgM significantly decreased compared with control. Thickness of GBM decreased on histological analysis of kidney. Deposition of CD4 and CD8 decreased on immunohistochemical staining of kidney. Conclusions : According to the above result, BGMSB had a significant effect for treating MN which is cBSA-induced.

영유아에서 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자와 도뇨관 채뇨의 비교

이정원,이승주,Lee, Jung-Won,Lee, Seung-Joo 대한소아신장학회 2007 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.11 No.1

목적 : 소변 가리기 훈련이 안된 영유아에서 치골상부 방광천자는 오염율이 낮은 최상의 방법(gold standard)이며 초음파 감시하에 시행하여 성공률을 높이고 합병증을 감소시킬 수 있다. 그러나 침습적인 방법으로 여겨져 기피되고 도뇨관 채뇨가 선호되는 경향이 있다. 따라서 저자들은 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자와 도뇨관 채뇨의 성공률, 합병증과 정확도를 비교해 보고자 전향적인 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 2003년 6월부터 2004년 8월까지 원인불명의 발열로 이대 목동병원 응급실을 찾아온 영유아중에서 소변을 가리지 못하고 요로감염이 의심되어 소변검사를 시행하게 된 121명을 대상으로 하였다. 일차 조사에서는 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자(32명)와 도뇨관 채뇨(32명)를 무작위로 시행하여 성공률과 합병증을 조사하였고 이차 조사에서는 상기 두 가지 채뇨법을 동시에 시행(57명)하여 도뇨관 채뇨의 정확도를 평가하였다. 성공 기준은 0.5 mL 이상의 소변을 얻은 경우로 하였고 요로감염의 진단은 단일 요로병원균이 $10^5CFU/mL$ 이상 배양된 경우로 정의하였다. 통계분석은 Chi-square test를 이용하였고 P값이 0.05 미만인 경우를 유의한 것으로 판정하였다. 결과 : 성공률은 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광 천자군이 첫 번째 시도 시 71.9%(23/32), 두 번째 시도 시 25.0%(8/32)로 총 성공률은 96.9% (31/32)였고 도뇨관 채뇨군은 첫 번째 시도 시 90.6% (29/32), 두 번째 시도 시 6.3%(2/32)로 총 성공률 96.9%(31/32)를 보여 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 천자된 소변량은 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자군 $7.4{\pm}3.7mL$로 도뇨관 채뇨군의 $4.5{\pm}2.6mL$에 비하여 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 합병증은 도뇨관 채뇨군의 53.1%(17/32)에서 배뇨통을 보여 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자군의 0%에 비하여 유의하게 높았다(P<0.001). 이차 조사에서 도뇨관 채뇨의 정확도는 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자에 비해 민감도 59.5%(25/42), 특이도 86.6%(13/15)였고 위양성률 13.3%(2/15), 위음성률 40.5%(17/42) 로 정확도가 낮았다. 결론 : 소변을 가리지 못하는 영유아에서 요로 감염을 진단하기 위해서는 도뇨관 채뇨에 비해 초음파 감시하 치골상부 방광천자가 정확하고 안전한 채뇨법으로 권장되어야 한다고 생각한다. Purpose : Suprapubic aspiration(SPA) has been considered the "gold standard" for obtaining urine in non-toilet trained infants. Ultrasound(US)-guided SPA improves the success rate of the procedure and reduces the complications. However, many physicians perceive SPA as invasive and prefer the use of urethral catheterization (Ucat). We compared the success rate, complications and accuracy of US-guided SPA and Ucat. Methods : 121 infants who visited Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital with suspected urinary tract infection(UTI) were investigated. For the first study, the study infants were randomly assigned to either the US-guided SPA(n=32) or Ucat(n=32) groups. The success rate and complications of both procedures were compared. For the second study, US-guided SPA and Ucat were performed simultaneously(n=57). The accuracy of urethral catheterization was subsequently analyzed. The criteria for success was defined as the collection of more than 0.5 mL of urine. UTI was diagnosed by the presence of uropathogens over 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. Results : The overall success rate of the US-guided SPA was 96.9%(71.9% in first attempts, 25.0% in second attempts) which was not significantly different compared to 96.9%(90.6% in first attempts, 6.3% in second attempts) in the Ucat(P>0.05) group. The aspirated urine volume was $7.4{\pm}3.7mL$ in the US-guided SPA group, which was not significantly different to $4.5{\pm}2.6mL$ in the Ucat(P>0.05) group. The accuracy of Ucat in comparison to the US guided SPA was low with sensitivity 59.5%, specificity 86.6%, false-positive rate 13.3% and false-negative rate 40.5%. Conclusion : US-guided SPA should be encouraged as the best method to collect the urine in non-toilet trained infants with UTI.

n - butyl acrylate 로 그라프트된 폴리에틸렌의 부분방전 특성

이정원,서광석,곽희로 ( Jung Won Lee,Kwang S . Suh,Hee Ro Kwak ) 한국전기전자재료학회 1997 한국전기전자재료학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.1997 No.1

한국우주전파관측망 129 GHz 초전도 믹서 수신기

이정원,김수연,강용우,한석태,Lee, Jung-Won,Wang, Ming-Jye,Li, Chao-Te,Chen, Tse-Jun,Kim, Soo-Yeon,Lu, Wei-Chun,Kang, Yong-Woo,Shi, Sheng-Cai,Han, Seog-Tae 한국천문학회 2012 天文學論叢 Vol.27 No.3

We have developed superconducting mixer receivers for 129 GHz VLBI observation in Korean VLBI Network (KVN). The developed mixer has a radial waveguide probe with simple transmission line L-C transformer as a tuning circuit to its 5 series-connected junctions, which can have 125 - 165 GHz as the operation radio frequency (RF). For intermediate frequency (IF) signal path a high impedance quarter-wavelength line connects the probe to one end of symmetric RF chokes. The double side band (DSB) receiver noise of the mixer was about 40 K over 4 - 6 GHz IF band, whereas we achieved the uncorrected single side band (SSB) noise temperature of about 70 K and better than 10 dB image rejection ratio in 2SB configuration with 8 - 10 GHz IF band. Insert-type receiver cartridges employing the mixers have been under commission for KVN stations.