테라비트급 나노 스케일 SONOS 플래시 메모리 제작 및 소자 특성 평가

김주연,김문경,김병철,김정우,서광열,Kim, Joo-Yeon,Kim, Moon-Kyung,Kim, Byung-Cheul,Kim, Jung-Woo,Seo, Kwang-Yell 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.12

To implement tera bit level non-volatile memories of low power and fast operation, proving statistical reproductivity and satisfying reliabilities at the nano-scale are a key challenge. We fabricate the charge trapping nano scaled SONOS unit memories and 64 bit flash arrays and evaluate reliability and performance of them. In case of the dielectric stack thickness of 4.5 /9.3 /6.5 nm with the channel width and length of 34 nm and 31nm respectively, the device has about 3.5 V threshold voltage shift with write voltage of $10\;{\mu}s$, 15 V and erase voltage of 10 ms, -15 V. And retention and endurance characteristics are above 10 years and $10^5$ cycle, respectively. The device with LDD(Lightly Doped Drain) process shows reduction of short channel effect and GIDL(Gate Induced Drain Leakage) current. Moreover we investigate three different types of flash memory arrays.

^99mTc-DMSA 검사에서 상대 신섭취율 산출 시 양면상 촬영의 유용성에 대한 고찰

김주연,이한울,권오준,김정열,박민수,조석원,강천구,김재삼,Kim, Joo-Yeon,Lee, Han-Wool,Kwon, O-Jun,Kim, Jung-Yul,Park, Min-Soo,Cho, Seok-Won,Kang, Chun-Goo,Kim, Jae-Sam 대한핵의학기술학회 2015 핵의학 기술 Vol.19 No.1

$^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 신장 신티그라피는 피질에 주로 섭취되어 신실질을 영상화하고 좌우 신장 및 배후방사능에 관심영역을 설정함으로써 상대 신섭취율을 평가할 수 있는 검사로, 진단 및 치료 후 경과관찰에 이용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 후면상과 양면상 촬영 시 그리고 신장의 깊이를 적용한 경우의 상대 신섭취율 변화를 비교하여 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 실험은 신장 팬텀 및 조직등가물질을 이용하여 신장의 깊이에 차이를 주며 깊이 당 각 5번씩 총 25번을 진행하였다. 임상연구는 2014년 2월부터 10월까지 본원에 내원하여 $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ 검사를 시행한 36명의 성인 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 장비는 감마카메라 INFINIA를 사용하였으며 GE사의 Xeleris Ver. 2.1220을 이용하여 신장 및 배후 방사능 모두 자동으로 관심영역을 설정하였다. 또한 환자별 신장 깊이의 차이를 고려하여 측면상을 촬영한 후 실제 신장 깊이를 측정하였다. 후면상에서의 산술평균값과 양면상에서의 기하학적 평균값 그리고 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 상대 신섭취율을 비교해보고 유의한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 팬텀 실험 결과 좌, 우 신장 깊이의 차이가 1 cm 미만인 경우에는 양면상을 촬영했을 때와 후면상에 실제 깊이를 적용해준 경우 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나(P>0.05), 1 cm를 초과한 경우에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 임상 연구에서는 후면상만을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장 깊이를 적용해준 경우의 상관관계(r=0.988)에 비해 양면상을 촬영해준 경우와 후면상에 신장의 깊이를 적용하여 보정해준 경우가 더 높은 상관관계(r=0.999)를 나타냈다. 본 연구에서는 양면상과 후면상을 촬영했을 때의 상대 신섭취율 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 후면상만 촬영한 경우에도 깊이를 보정해줬을 때와 비교하여 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었으나 오차를 줄이기 위해서는 양면상을 촬영해주는 방법을 권고한다. Purpose $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scintigraphy serves as location, size and shape of kidney, so it has been used for diagnosis and passage observation after the operation or treatment. There are 3 methods of calculating the relative renal uptake ratio such as geometric mean of the counts from the anterior and posterior views, arithmetical mean from the only posterior view and posterior view which applied the renal depths. In this study, we seek to correlation between the change of total relative uptake ratio according to different inspection methods of obtaining the renal count rate. Materials and Methods The phantom experiments proceeded 5 times depending on each renal depth with the kidney phantom and tissue equivalent materials. In the clinical research, we investigated 36 adult patients who had visited our hospital from february to october, 2014 and received $^{99m}Tc-DMSA$ renal scan. The equipment was used as a gamma camera named INFINIA (General Electric Healthcare, milwaukee, USA) and we drew the region of interests through semiautomatic method by using Xeleris Ver. 2.1220 of GE. In addition, we obtained the lateral view of kidney to measure the renal depth of each patient. Then the results were compared with 3 methods of calculating relative renal uptake ratio. Results The phantom studies show when the difference between the left ant right kidney depth were less than 1 cm, there were no statistically significant difference among values calculated through anterior and posterior views and only posterior view (P>0.05), while the excess of 1cm, the results showed a statistically significant change in the value (P<0.05). In case of clinical research, the correlation between total relative uptake ratio by obtaining both sides of image and posterior view applied the kidney depth (r=0.999) was higher than by obtaining only posterior view and applying the kidney depth to one side image (r=0.988). Conclusion This study has found that, the difference of calculating total relative uptake ratio compared with obtaining anterior and posterior views and only posterior view. In order to reduce the error, we recommend the method of obtaining anterior and posterior views and is considered to be useful, particularly the patients have similar uptake ratio of left and right kidney and difficulties of measurements of kidney depth.

백내장 수술 후 생긴 낭포황반부종에서의 유리체강내 트리암시놀론 주입술 일차치료 효과

김주연,김정목,유영주,김철구,조성원,이태곤.Joo Yeon Kim. MD. Joung Mok Kim. MD. Young Ju Lew. MD. PhD. Chul Gu Kim. MD. Sung Won Cho. MD. PhD. Tae Gon Lee. MD 대한안과학회 2012 대한안과학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations of intravitreal triamcinolone injection as a primary treatment method for patients with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery. Methods: The present retrospective study was comprised of patients diagnosed with cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery performed between March 2006 and March 2008. To treat the edema, intravitreal triamcinolone injection was administered. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness were measured, and complications as well as efficacy of the treatment were evaluated. Results: Twelve eyes were selected for the present study with a mean patient age of 67.3 years. The average period between cataract surgery and diagnosis of cystoid macular edema was 7.6 weeks. All 12 eyes received an intravitreal triamcinolone injection, and the patients were followed up for an average of 6.7 months. BCVA (log MAR) was changed from 0.29 ± 0.12 to 0.11 ± 0.09, showing statistically significant improvement (p = 0.000). The OCT showed that the average CMT was statistically decreased from 390.58 ± 94.98 μm to 165.17 ± 39.95 μm (p = 0.001). No complications were reported after the procedure, and vision and edema improved after one month in all 12 eyes. Conclusions: After performing intravitreal triamcinolone injection as a primary treatment method for cystoid macular edema which developed after cataract surgery, rapid recovery and improvement of vision and macular thickness were confirmed in all 12 eyes. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2012;53(3):428-433

Curcuma longae Radix, Phellinus linteus 및 Scutellariae Radix 혼합추출물의 $A{\beta}$ (25-35) 유도 배양신경세포독성 및 마우스기억손상 억제효과

김주연,정하연,반주연,유재국,배기환,성연희,Kim, Joo-Youn,Jeong, Ha-Yeon,Ban, Ju-Yeon,Yoo, Jae-Kuk,Bae, Ki-Hwan,Seong, Yeon-Hee 한국약용작물학회 2009 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.17 No.6

The present study investigated an ethanol extract (HS0608) of a mixture of three medicinal plants of Curcuma longae radix, Phellinus linteus, and Scutellariae radix for possible neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid $\beta$ protein ($A{\beta}$) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons and antidementia activity in mice. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $10\;{\mu}M$ $A{\beta}$ (25-35) for 36 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. At $1-50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, HS0608 inhibited neuronal death, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by $A{\beta}$ (25-35) in primary cultures of rat cortical neurons. Memory loss induced by intracerebroventricular injection of ICR mice with 15 nmol $A{\beta}$ (25-35) was inhibited by chronic treatment with HS0608 (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 7 days) as measured by a passive avoidance test. From these results, we suggest that the antidementia effect of HS0608 is due to its neuroprotective effect against $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and that HS0608 may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

흰쥐에서 녹차의 섭취가 ¹⁴C-Benzo[a]pyrene의 조직 분배 및 잔류에 미치는 영향

김주연,노상규,Kim, Ju-Yeon,Noh, Sang-K. 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.40 No.6

잔류성이 강하고 높은 지용성질을 가지는 식품오염물질인 benzo[a]pyrene(BaP)은 녹차 섭취에 의해서 소장에서 흡수가 억제되고 총담관으로의 배출이 증가되는 것으로 최근에 보고하였다. 이번 연구는 흰쥐를 이용해서 $^{14}C$-BaP를 복강주사한 후, 사람과 비교해서 1잔에 해당하는 녹차추출물을 4주간 매일 지속적으로 공급하였을 때, $^{14}C$-BaP의 조직분배 및 잔류에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 27.4 kBq $^{14}C$-BaP를 복강주사한 후 표준식이와 증류수만 공급된 동물군을 대조군, 표준식이와 녹차추출물(4.7 mg catechins/day)을 공급받은 동물군을 녹차군으로 하여 4주간 사육하였다. 그리고 4주째에 심장, 간장, 뇌, 비장, 신장, 후복막지방, 고환, 부고환지방 조직을 적출하여 무게를 측정하고 각 조직에 잔류하는 $^{14}C$-BaP의 방사선 활성도를 측정하였다. 대조군과 녹차군 모두 연구 시작부터 종료 시까지 지속적으로 체중이 증가하였으나 동물군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 장기의 무게 또한 각 조직 모두 동물군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 조직 g당 $^{14}C$-BaP의 잔류량은 심장에서 가장 높았고 다음으로 뇌, 부고환지방, 비장, 신장, 간장, 후복막지방, 고환 순으로 높았으며, 조직 전체의 $^{14}C$-BaP의 잔류량은 부고환지방에서 가장 높았고 다음으로 간장, 후복막지방, 심장, 뇌, 신장, 고환, 비장 순으로 나타났다. 녹차 섭취에 의해서 조직 g당 $^{14}C$-BaP의 방사선 활성도와 조직 전체 당 $^{14}C$-BaP 방사선 활성도 모두 심장, 간장, 뇌, 비장, 부고환지방에서 급격하게 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 4주 동안 하루 1잔에 해당하는 녹차추출물 섭취가 BaP의 조직 분배를 유의적으로 감소시켜 조직 잔류에 영향을 미치는 것을 이 실험을 통해서 확인할 수 있었다. Recently, we showed that green tea extract (GTE) markedly lowers the intestinal absorption of $^{14}C$-benzo[a]pyrene ($^{14}C$-BaP) and enhances its secretion into the biliary route, suggesting a protective role for GTE against body burden. These findings indicate that green tea could be used as an effective dietary means against the toxicity of BaP. The present study, therefore, was designed to investigate if green tea intake could affect the tissue distribution and deposition of $^{14}C$-BaP in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had free access to a nutritionally adequate AIN-93G diet and deionized water. At ~340 g of weight, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with 27.4 kBq of [4-$^{14}C$]-BaP and 5.0 mg of BaP dissolved in $300\;{\mu}L$ of olive oil and then assigned randomly to the following two groups: one group (GTE) of rats was fed the AIN-93G diet with GTE via drinking water at approx. 4.7 mg of catechins/d, whereas the other was fed the same diet but without GTE (control). At 4 wk of dietary treatment with GTE, animals were euthanized and heart, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, retroperitoneal fat, testis, and epididymal fat were collected, weighed, and analyzed for tissue $^{14}C$-BaP. Both the control and GTE groups continuously gained weight throughout the study, but there was no significant difference between the groups. No significant differences were observed in the weights of heart, liver, brain, spleen, kidney, retroperitoneal fat, testis, and epididymal fat. However, the radioactivities of $^{14}C$-BaP, expressed in dpm/g, were significantly lower in the heart, liver, brain, spleen, and epididymal fat of rats receiving GTE as compared to their respective controls. These data indicate that green tea intake markedly lowers tissue accumulation of $^{14}C$-BaP. Taken together, these findings suggest that the decreased tissue levels of BaP by GTE intake may be associated with lowered intestinal absorption of BaP and its enhanced secretion into the bile.

ELMo 임베딩 기반 문장 중요도를 고려한 중심 문장 추출방법

김은희(Eun Hee Kim),임명진(Myung Jin Lim),신주현(Ju Hyun Shin) 한국스마트미디어학회 2021 스마트미디어저널 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 뉴스 기사에서 기사문을 구성하는 문장별 중요도를 고려하여 요약문을 추출하는 방법에 관한 것으로 문장 중요도에 영향을 주는 특성으로 중심 문장(Topic Sentence)일 확률, 기사 제목 및 다른 문장과의 유사도, 문장 위치에 따른 가중치를 추출하여 문장 중요도를 계산하는 방법을 제안한다. 이때, 중심 문장(Topic Sentence)은 일반 문장과는 구별되는 특징을 가질 것이라는 가설을 세우고, 딥러닝 기반 분류 모델을 학습시켜 입력 문장에 대한 중심 문장 확률값을 구한다. 또한 사전학습된 ELMo 언어 모델을 활용하여 문맥 정보를 반영한 문장 벡터값을 기준으로 문장간 유사도를 계산하여 문장 특성으로 추출한다. LSTM 및 BERT 모델의 중심 문장 분류성능은 정확도 93%, 재현율 96.22%, 정밀도 89.5%로 높은 분석 결과가 나왔으며, 이렇게 추출된 문장 특성을 결합하여 문장별 중요도를 계산한 결과, 기존 TextRank 알고리즘과 비교하여 중심 문장 추출 성능이 10% 정도 개선된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. This study is about a method of extracting a summary from a news article in consideration of the importance of each sentence constituting the article. We propose a method of calculating sentence importance by extracting the probabilities of topic sentence, similarity with article title and other sentences, and sentence position as characteristics that affect sentence importance. At this time, a hypothesis is established that the Topic Sentence will have a characteristic distinct from the general sentence, and a deep learning-based classification model is trained to obtain a topic sentence probability value for the input sentence. Also, using the pre-learned ELMo language model, the similarity between sentences is calculated based on the sentence vector value reflecting the context information and extracted as sentence characteristics. The topic sentence classification performance of the LSTM and BERT models was 93% accurate, 96.22% recall, and 89.5% precision, resulting in high analysis results. As a result of calculating the importance of each sentence by combining the extracted sentence characteristics, it was confirmed that the performance of extracting the topic sentence was improved by about 10% compared to the existing TextRank algorithm.

학령기 아동의 스트레스와 대처행동에 관한 연구

김주연,김정순,Kim, Ju-Youn,Kim, Jung-Soon 한국지역사회간호학회 1999 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the daily stress and stress coping behavior of elementary school children. The subjects for this study were 372 children fourth, fifth and sixth graders from an elementary school in Pusan. We adopted Won - Joo Chung's research instrument (1997) for measuring stress and coping behavior in this study. Statistical techniques such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, order, and Pearson correlation were used to examine the research questions of this study. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The most common instance of stress to be experienced by all children was the stress from school life, followed by social pressures, individual pressures and family environment. 2. A positive revaluation was the most commonly used stress-coping behavior, followed by behavioral mood conversion, spiritual support, problem-facing behavior, an information search for problem-solving, physical separation for emotional relaxation, avoidance, emotional aggressiveness and emotional expression. 3. Stress-coping behavior had a positive and significant correlation with the stress score(r = .4391, p= .000). In conclusion, the stress from school life was the most common experienced by all children. While independent effort in problem-solving was unsufficient, stress coping behavior had positive results. Therefore, this study verified the necessity of minimizing the stress children experience from school life and of helping them attain desirable stress-coping behaviors.

국가기록원의 소장기록물 저작권 요청 사례 분석

김주연,최재황,Kim, Joo Yeon,Choi, Jae Hwang 한국도서관정보학회 2014 한국도서관정보학회지 Vol.45 No.2

국가기록원은 소장기록물의 저작권을 보호하기 위하여 현재 '소장기록물 저작권 운영지침'과 '열람실 운영규정'을 마련하여 운영 중이다. 그러나 국가기록원 '소장기록물 저작권 운영지침'과 '열람실 운영규정'은 저작권법의 준용 또는 국가기록원 내부의 저작권 관리 원칙만을 규정하고 있을 뿐 소장기록물에 대한 기록물 유형별 저작권 문제는 제시하지 못하고 있다. 이미 수집된 소장기록물의 이용 활성화를 위해서는 기록의 각 유형별 저작물의 판단 기준이나 원칙을 제시하여, 이용자들이 쉽게 저작권 문제에 접근할 수 있도록 별도의 상세한 세부지침이 마련되어야 하며, 향후 소장기록물 수집을 위해서도 저작재산권이나 저작인격권에 대한 세부사항을 규정할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 이를 위한 사전분석이다. 향후 소장기록물과 관련된 저작권 측면의 활발한 논의와 운영 방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다. The National Archives of Korea(NAK) has arranged and operated 'Guidelines on Operating Copyright for Archives' and 'Regulations on Operating Reference Room' to protect the copyright for archives. However, the Guidelines and the Regulations only provide application to the Copyright Act and principles on internal managing copyright without presenting copyright issues for each type of archives. Therefore, additional detailed guidelines have to be arranged for the users to access to copyright issues easily by presenting them the standards of judgement or principles on copyright issues for each type of the archives to facilitate the use of archives collected already. We also need to define the details on Copyright Act and Moral Rights Act to collect archives. This study is an prior analysis for that purpose. Lively discussion and way of operation in an aspect of the copyright in relation to private records should be sought in the future.

Moutan Cortex Extract Inhibits Amyloid ${\beta}$ Protein (25-35)-induced Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Cortical Neurons

김주연,주현수,반주연,송경식,성연희,Kim, Joo-Youn,Ju, Hyun-Soo,Ban, Ju-Yeon,Song, Kyung-Sik,Seong, Yeon-Hee The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2008 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.16 No.6

Moutan cortex, the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, analgesic and antioxidant activities. We investigated a methanol extract of Moutan cortex for neuroprotective effects on neurotoxicity induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein ($A{\beta}$) (25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons. Exposure of cultured cortical neurons to $10\;{\mu}M\;A{\beta}$ (25-35) for 24 h induced neuronal apoptotic death. Moutan cortex inhibited $10\;{\mu}M\;A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell death at 30 and $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, which was measured by a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining. Moutan cortex inhibited $10\;{\mu}M\;A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced elevation of intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which were measured by fluorescent dyes. Moutan cortex also inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by $10\;{\mu}M\;A{\beta}$ (25-35), which was measured by HPLC. These results suggest that Moutan cortex prevents $A{\beta}$ (25-35)-induced neuronal cell damage by interfering with the increase of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, and then inhibiting glutamate release and ROS generation. Moutan cortex may have a therapeutic role in preventing the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

전해도금법으로 증착한 Cu-Sn 합금막의 배선특성에 관한 연구

김주연,배규식,Kim, Ju-Yeon,Bae, Gyu-Sik 한국재료학회 2002 한국재료학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Sn was selected as an alloying element of Cu. The Cu-Sn thin layers were deposited on the Si substrates by the electroplating method and their properties were studied. By rapidly thermal annealing(RTA) up to 40$0^{\circ}C$ after electroplating, sheet resistance decreased and adhesion strength increased, but that trend was reversed at the 50$0^{\circ}C$ RTA. Cu-Sn particles grew dense and the surface was uniform up to 40$0^{\circ}C$, but at 50$0^{\circ}C$, empty area was introduced and the surface became rough owing to oxidation and particle coarsening and agglomeration. Deposited layer contained significant amount of Si, while pure Cu-Sn layer with the composition ratio of 90:10 was present only on the top surface. However, no significant change in the Cu composition within alloy layers occured by the RTA regardless of its temperature. This indicates that the Cu diffusion into the Si was suppressed by the presence of Sn.