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하이브리드 로켓의 추력제어를 위한 산화제 유량제어 연구
김계환,문근환,김진곤,문희장,Kim, Kye-Hwan,Moon, Keun-Hwan,Kim, Jin-Kon,Moon, Hee-Jang 한국항공운항학회 2014 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.22 No.4
In this study, control of oxidizer mass flow rate and verification of control system were performed for hybrid rocket thrust control application. Oxidizer flow control system consists of ball valve and stepping motor where gaseous oxygen was used for oxidizer at feeding pressure of 10, 20 and 30 bar. According to experimental results, the oxidizer mass flow rate showed a relatively linear increment as ball valve open angle increases regardless of feeding pressure. In addition, the level of the oxidizer flow rate was kept almost constant at each sequence of flow control with ball valve during the 20 seconds of operation.
조현병 및 조현정동장애 입원환자에서 혈청 염증표지자와 정신병적 증상과의 관련성
김계환,이건석,김수진,이은규,송열매,박진영,Kim, Kye Hwan,Lee, Kounseok,Kim, Su Jin,Lee, Eun Kyu,Song, Yul-Mai,Park, Jin Young 대한생물정신의학회 2012 생물정신의학 Vol.19 No.4
Objectives Despite the growing research interest in the role of immunological markers in schizophrenia, a few studies, with conflicting results, have focused on the association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and clinical characteristics in schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of serum hs-CRP with psychopathology in schizophrenia. Methods Fifty-five inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were enrolled. Serum levels of hs-CRP were measured, and each patient was assessed with the Korean version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results In correlation analysis of hs-CRP with PANSS subscales, positive subscale score has significant positive correlation (r = 0.271, p = 0.046). In independent t-test analysis, subjects with hs-CRP > 0.3 mg/dL (elevated CRP group, n = 43) had significantly higher PANSS positive subscale score (t = -3.273, df = 24.107, p = 0.003) than those with hs-CRP ${\leq}$ 0.3 mg/dL (normal CRP group, n = 12). Conclusions Elevated serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in schizophrenia are associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms.
증례 : 순환기 ; 심부전 환자에서 발생한 반복적인 자발성 저혈당과 의식저하 1예
김계환 ( Kye Hwan Kim ),김완철 ( Wan Chul Kim ),이은주 ( Eun Ju Lee ),고진신 ( Jin Sin Koh ),박정랑 ( Jeong Rang Park ),함종렬 ( Jong Ryeal Hahm ),황진용 ( Jin Yong Hwang ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회지 Vol.87 No.2
저자들은 반복적인 저혈당에 의한 의식저하를 주소로 내원한 심부전 환자로 수술적 치료 이후 1년간 저혈당 및 심부전 악화 없이 외래 경과관찰 중인 환자 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Hypoglycemia in adults without diabetes can be caused by drugs, critical illness, hormone deficiency, and hyperinsulinism. Spontaneous hypoglycemia in congestive heart failure has been reported rarely in adults. We report a case of spontaneous hypoglycemia in congestive heart failure in a 73-year-old woman with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation who had been receiving treatment for 6 years. She had two episodes of low serum glucose with unconsciousness, but there was no evidence of diabetes. Heart failure with concomitant hepatic dysfunction was presumed to have caused the hypoglycemia. She underwent mitral valve replacement after being diagnosed with severe mitral stenosis. There was no episode of hypoglycemia during follow-up. (Korean J Med 2014;87:205-208)
동적 영상 획득 방식을 이용한 정적 영상의 움직임 보정
윤석환,승종민,김계환,김재일,이형진,김진의,김현주,Yoon, Seok-Hwan,Seung, Jong-Min,Kim, Kye-Hwan,Kim, Jae-Il,Lee, Hyung-Jin,Kim, Jin-Eui,Kim, Hyun-Joo 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1
정적 영상 획득 시 기존의 정적 영상 획득 방식 대신 동적 영상 획득 방식을 이용하여 움직임에 의한 motion correction을 적용함으로써 정적 영상 획득 시 발생되는 움직임에 의한 문제점을 해결하고자 하였다. 실험은 capillary tube와 IEC body phantom을 이용하여 움직임이 없을 때 정적 영상 획득 방식으로 얻은 영상과 동적 영상 획득 방식으로 얻은 각각의 frame을 더한 영상에 대해 resolution, frequency, total counts, blind test를 비교 분석하였으며 임의로 최소한의 움직임과 과도한 움직임을 주어 motion correction 전후의 영상에 대해서도 resolution, frequency, total counts, blind test를 비교 분석 하였다. 기존의 정적 영상 획득 방식으로 얻은 영상과 동적 영상 획득 방식으로 얻은 각각의 frame을 더한 영상의 resolution, frequency, total counts, blind test의 결과 값의 차이가 없었다. 또한 최소한의 움직임과 과도한 움직임을 준 영상에 대해 motion correction 적용 전후의 비교 결과 값은 motion correction 후 resolution, frequency, blind test의 결과 값이 움직임이 없을 때의 정적 영상과 거의 차이가 없었다. 하지만 과도한 움직임에 대한 보정 시 frame당 흐림 현상이 많이 발생 하였으므로 좌표 보정이 어려워 frame을 제외하는 방법을 적용하였기 때문에 과도한 motion correction 후 삭제한 frame 수만큼 total counts에서 차이를 보였다. 정적 영상 획득 시 움직임이 예상되는 환자에게 기존의 정적 영상 획득방식이 아닌 동적 영상 획득 방식을 이용하여 움직임 발생시 좌표 보정과 흐림 현상이 심한 frame 제외 방법을 이용하여 정적 영상에서 움직임에 의해 발생되었던 영상의 질 저하와 정량적 분석의 신뢰도 감소, 재검사에 대한 문제점을 해결할 수 있을 것이라고 생각되며 motion correction에 제공되는 다양한 프로그램 개발과 임상 적용에 대한 광범위한 연구가 현실적으로 필요하며 향후 지속적인 연구가 기대되는 바이다. Purpose: The static image of nuclear medicine study should be acquired without a motion, however, it is difficult to acquire static image without movement for the serious patients, advanced aged patients. These movements cause decreases in reliability for quantitative and qualitative analysis, therefore re-examination was inevitable in the some cases. Consequently, in order to improve the problem of motion artifacts, the authors substituted the dynamic acquisition technique for the static acquisition, using motion correction. Materials and Methods: A capillary tube and IEC body phantom were used. First, the static image was acquired for 60 seconds while the dynamic images were acquired with a protocol, 2 sec/frame${\times}$30 frames, under the same parameter and the frames were summed up into one image afterwards. Also, minimal motion and excessive motion were applied during the another dynamic acquisition and the coordinate correction was applied towards X and Y axis on the frames where the motion artifact occurred. But the severe blurred images were deleted. Finally, the resolution and counts were compared between the static image and the summed dynamic images which before and after applying motion correction, and the signal of frequency was analysed after frequency spatial domain was transformed into 2D FFT. Supplementary examination, the blind test was performed by the nuclear medicine department staff. Results: First, the resolution in the static image and summed dynamic image without motion were 8.32 mm, 8.37 mm on X-axis and 8.30 mm, 8.42 mm on Y-axis, respectively. The counts were 484 kcounts, 485 kcounts each, so there was nearly no difference. Secondly, the resolution in the image with minimal motion applying motion correction was 8.66 mm on X-axis, 8.85 mm on Y-axis and had 469 kcounts while the image without motion correction was 21.81 mm, 24.02 mm and 469 kcounts in order. So, this shows the image with minimal motion applying motion correction has similar resolution with the static image. Lastly, the resolution in the images with excessive motion applying motion correction were 9.09 mm on X-axis, 8.83 mm on Y-axis and had 469 kcounts while the image without motion correction was 47.35 mm, 40.46 mm and 255 kcounts in order. Although there was difference in counts because of deletion of blurred frames, we could get similar resolution. And when the image was transformed into frequency, the high frequency was decreased by the movement. However, the frequency was improved again after motion correction. In the blind test, there was no difference between the image applying motion correction and the static image without motion. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the static image and the summed dynamic image. This technique can be applied to patients who may have difficulty remaining still during the imaging process, so that the quality of image can be improved as well as the reliance for analysis of quantity. Moreover, the re-examination rate will be considerably decreased. However, there is a limit of motion correction, more time will be required to successfully image the patients applying motion correction. Also, the decrease of total counts due to deletion of the severe blurred images should be calculated and the proper number of frames should be acquired.