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Embryo lethality and teratogenicity of 2-Bromopropane in the Sprague-Dawley rat
김종춘,오기석,신동호,김성호,김현영,윤효인,강성철,허정두,정문구,Kim, Jong-Choon,Oh, Ki-Seok,Shin, Dong-Ho,Kim, Sung-Ho,Kim, Hyeon-Yeong,Yun, Hyo-In,Jiang, Cheng-Zhe,Heo, Jeong-Doo,Chung, Moon-Koo The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2003 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.43 No.4
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test chemical was administered subcutaneously to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1250 mg/kg/day. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights and food consumption were examined. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on GD 20 and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. At above 750 mg/kg, toxic effects including signs of toxicity, suppressed body weight, decreased gravid uterine weight and reduced food intake were observed in pregnant dams. An increase in the fetal deaths, a decrease in the litter size, a reduction in the fetal body weight and an increase in the incidence of fetal morphological alterations were also found. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo-fetal development at a dose level of 375 mg/kg. These results suggest that a 14-day subcutaneous dose of 2-BP is embryolethal and teratogenic at above 750 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats. In the present experimental condition, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of 2-BP is considered to be 375 mg/kg/day for dams and embryo-fetuses, respectively.
김종춘(Jong-Choon Kim),신진영(Jin-Young Shin),신동호(Dong-Ho Shin),손우찬(Woo-Chan Son),강성철(Cheng-Zhe Jiang),정나영(Na-Young Jung),백성수(Sung-Soo Baek),정문구(Moon-Koo Chung) 한국실험동물학회 2004 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.20 No.1
The present study was carried out to establish a mouse whole embryo culture technique for detecting developmental toxicity in ICR mice. ICR mouse embryos were explanted on gestational day (GD) 8.5 and cultured for 48 hrs in the bottles containing 2 ㎖ of culture media consisting of 100% immediately centrifuged and heat-inactivated rat serum. The culture bottles with 15 ㎖ capacity were attached to a rotator drum and rotated at 35 rpm, 37.5℃ with a continuous gas flow of 5% O₂, 5% CO₂, 90% N₂ for the first 17 hrs; 20% O₂, 5% CO₂, 75% N₂ for the next 17 hrs; 40% O₂, 5% CO₂, 55% N₂ for the last 24 hrs, After 48 hrs of culture, the growth and differentiation of embryos were compared with those of embryos grown in vivo and each embryo was evaluated for the presence of any malformations. At the begining of the culture, embryos were early somite stage, and the length of whole conceptus including ectoplacental corn was about 1.8 ㎜. At the end of culture, all embryos in culture showed well-developed vascularization in the body and yolk sac. No morphological and histological defects were detected in any embryos examined. The yolk sac diameter, crown-rump length, and head length were 5.1, 4.3, and 2.3 ㎜, respectively. The number of somite pairs and morphological score were 30.0 and 67.7, respectively. The crown-rump length, head length and somite number of embryos grown for 48 hrs in vitro were slightly lower than those of embryos in vivo, respectively, but the morphology and differentiation were similar to those of embryos in vivo. These results indicated that morphology, growth and differentiation of in vitro mouse embryos are almost identical to those of in vivo embryos and suggest that the mouse whole embryo culture technique can be a useful tool for prescreening the developmental toxicity of chemicals.
기와층버섯 추출물의 항비만활성, 항암활성 및 단회경구독성시험
강은희(Eun-Hee Kang),이인경(In-Kyoung Lee),황미현(Mi-Hyun Hwang),최재영(Jae-Young Choi),창즐치앙(Zhi-Qiang Chang),이만휘(Man-Hee Rhee),윤봉식(Bong-Sik Yun),강성철(Cheng-Zhe Jiang),김길수(Kil-Soo Kim),박승춘(Seung-Chun Park) 한국독성학회 2007 Toxicological Research Vol.23 No.3
In this study, we investigated the in vitro anti-obesity, anti-cancer activity and single oral dose toxicity of Inonotus xeranticus extracted by methanol (INXM) or ethyl acetate (INXE). In order to investigate anti-obestity effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts, the 3T3-L1 cells were treated with these extracts at various concentrations(1, 10, 100 and 300 ㎍/㎖). It was observed that 3T3-L1 cells treated with 100 ㎍/㎖ of Inonotus obliquus ethyl acetate extract (INOE), INXM and INXE, in the absence of differentiation cocktail (0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) 1 μM dexamethasone, 1 ㎍/㎖ insulin), differentiated at a rate of 78.5, 80.9, and 76.4% respectively. Differentiation rates of 86.6% and 83.4% were observed in 3T3-L1 cells which were treated with differentiation cocktail at 100 ㎍/㎖ of INXM and INXE, respectively. The anti-cancer effect of Inonotus xeranticus extracts was investigated using a method of sulforhodamine B in sarcoma 180 cell line. The cells were treated with these extracts (1, 10, 100 and 300 ㎍/㎖) for 48 hours. The growth of cells which were treated with 300 ㎍/㎖ of INXM was inhibited by 80.1%. The growth of sarcoma 180 cells which were treated with 100 and 300 ㎍/㎖ of INXE was inhibited by 74.7% and 64.5%, respectively. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, and feed and water consumptions. The results indicated that Inonotus xeranticus extracts did not show any toxic effects at 2,000 ㎎/㎏ in mice, and the LD?? of these extracts was found to be higher than 2,000 ㎎/㎏ in this experiment. From the above results, Inonotus xeranticus methanol and ethyl acetate extracts might have useful clinical applications in the management of cancer and obesity and may also be useful as a medicinal food.
랫드 전배아배양법을 이용한 2-Bromopropane의 최기형성 평가
김종춘(Jong-Choon Kim),신동호(Dong-Ho Shin),김성호(Sung-Ho Kim),양영수(Young-Soo Yang),오기석(Ki-Seok Oh),강성철(Cheng-Zhe Jiang),정문구(Moon-Koo Chung) 한국독성학회 2006 Toxicological Research Vol.22 No.2
Recently, we have reported that the environmental pollutant 2-bromopropane (2-BP) induces a significant embryo-fetal developmental toxicity in rats. However, the cause of deveopmental toxicity and the relationship between maternal and developmental toxicities could not be elucidated because the developmental toxicity of 2-BP was observed only in the presence of maternal toxicity. The in vitro teratogenicity study using whole embryo culture was carried out to understand the teratogenic properties and the possible mechanism of teratogenicity induced by 2-BP in rats. Rat embryos aged 9.5 days were cultured in vitro for 48 hrs at medium concentrations of 0, 1, 3, or 10 ㎎/㎖ of 2-BP. Embryos were evaluated for growth, differentiation, and morphological alterations at the end of the culture period. At 10 ㎎/㎖, 2-BP caused a delay in the growth and differentiation of embryos and an increase in the incidence of morphological alterations, including altered yolk sac circulation, abnormal axial rotation, craniofacial hypoplasia, open neuropore, absent optic vesicle and kinked somites. At 3 ㎎/㎖, only a delay in the growth and differentiation of embryos was observed. There were no adverse effects on embryonic growth and development at the concentration of 1 ㎎/㎖. The results showed that the exposure of 2-BP to rat embryos results in a developmental delay and morphological alterations at dose levels of 3 ㎎/㎖ culture media or higher and that 2-BP can induce a direct developmental toxicity in rat embryos.
Yun, Hyo-in,Park, Seung-chun,Jiang, Cheng-zhe,Huh, Won,Rhee, Jae-chin,Park, Jong-myung,Choi, Sang-ho,Cho, Joon-hyoung 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1994 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.2 No.-
세균 감염증으로 인한 돼지 설사증의 효과적인 치료 및 예방을 위해 돼지 설사 분변으로부터 분리한 E coli 와 S typhimurium을 시험균주로 하여 norfloxacin과 국내 가축 치료에 주로 이용되고 있는 여러 항생제를 실험실적 방법으로 병용투여시 두 항생제 간의 상호작용을 checkerboard method를 이용하여 실험하였다. E coli를 시험균주로 실험한 결과, norfloxacin과 colistin의 두 항생제간의 상호작용은 상승작용을 나타내었다. 그러나 norfloxacin과 tetracycline의 병용 처치 실험에서는 길항작용을 보여주었다. S typhimurium을 시험균주로 실험한 결과, norfloxacin과 colistin의 병용 처치 실험에서는 E coli에서와 마찬가지로 상승 작용을 나타내었다. Norfloxacin과 colistin에서의 배합 비율에 따른 E coli에 대한 FIC 값은 norfloxacin이 0.08 그리고 colistin이 0.78일 때 0.38로 가장 항균 작용이 높았으며, S typhimurium에 대한 FIC 값은 E coli에서와 같은 비율에서 가장 활성이 높은 0.25를 보여주어 두 항생제의 항균력은 배합 비율에 따라서 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.