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김광명,박영서,김인원,고광욱,최용,정해일,진동규,최황,이창연,연경모 대한신장학회 1989 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.8 No.1
The nutcracker syndrome refers to the compression of the left renal vein between aorta and superior mesenteric artery which results in hematuria, at times associated with flank pain, abdominal pain or varicocele. We report a girl with this syndrome presenting with persistent gross hematuria for 2 months. Urine erythrocytes showed only 1% of dysmorphism, and ultrasonography revealed compression of left renal vein between arota and superior mesenteric artery, and left sided unilateral bleeding was confirmed by cystoscopy. Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography revealed compression of left renal vein and collateral circulation to left gonadal vein. The pullback pressure tracing from left renal vein to inferior vena cava showed pressure gradient of 3 mmHg between left renal vein and inferior vena cava. Ultrasonography and intraarterial digital subtraction angiography revealed the compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery and regurgitation of the gonadal vein. The nutcracker syndrome should be considered as one of the causes of nonglomerular hematuria.
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김광명,정은정 한국문화유산협회 2009 야외고고학 Vol.0 No.6
陪墓는 일반적으로‘한 무덤 옆에 딸린 무덤’으로 정의되고 있다. 우리나라에서 배묘가 발생하는 시기는 청동기시대부터인 것으로 추정된다. 배묘는 자체적인 주검보호시설을 갖추고 있다는 점에서 殉葬(墓)과 차별화 된다. 청동기시대의 배묘는 주로 지석묘 주변에서 확인되며, 1기에서 3~4기까지 다양한 배치형태를 가지며 나타난다. 이후 木棺墓段階에서는 배묘의 존재를 찾을 수 없고, 木槨墓段階에 이르러서야 배묘는 다시 역사의 전면에 등장하게 된다. 이때의 배묘는 목곽묘(主墓) 주변에서 주로 甕棺의 형태로 축조된다. 石槨墓(高塚)段階의 배묘는 주로 고총이나 대형 석곽묘의 봉토내에 혹은 호석열 주변, 또는 호석열에 잇대어 배치되기도 한다. 이때 배묘는 石槨, 橫口式石槨, 石槨甕棺, 甕棺등 다양한 형태로 만들어진다. 石室墓段階는 석곽묘단계와 유사한 배치양상을 보이며, 배묘의 형태는 석곽옹관, 옹관 등으로 축조된다. 삼국시대의 배묘는 新 와 伽倻지역이 많은 차이점을 보이고 있다. 이와 같이 단위지역 배묘의 형태가 다르게 나타난다는 점은 당시 시기별로, 지역별로 다양한 장례문화가 존재했음을 의미한다. 또한 배묘는 그 외형적인 면에 있어 主墓와 전혀 다를 바 없고, 부장유물도 역시 마찬가지이다. 그리고 순장과 달리 자체적인 매장주체시설을 갖추고 있다는 점, 위신재 등의 유물을 다수 부장하고 있다는 점에서 배묘의 피장자는 순장자보다는 높은 위계를 지닌 사람으로 볼 수 있다. 즉 배묘의 피장자는 당시 한 집단의 최상위계층 또는 차상위계층에 해당하는 지위를 가진 자들이거나 혹은 이런 사람들과 혈연적 또는 정치·사회적으로 밀접한 관계를 가진 사람들로 생각된다. 따라서 우리는 배묘의 존재를 통해 당시 사회구조의 일면을 이해할 수도 있을 것이다. A subordinate tomb is usually defined as 'a tomb attached to another tomb'. In the Korean peninsula, subordinate tombs are thought to have emerged in the Bronze Age. Subordinate tombs differ from sunjang (sacrificial) burials in that they had separate compartments used to protect the deceased. In the Bronze Age, subordinate tombs are found around dolmens and vary in the nature of their composition (subordinate tombs can number from one to up to three or four). Subordinate tombs are not found with wooden coffin tombs, and re-appear with the use of wooden outer cist tombs. In this case, subordinate tombs consist of jar coffins which are located around the wooden outer cist. Subordinate tombs of the stone lined tomb period consist of other stone lined tombs which can be located within the earthen mound of the central burial, or around or attached to the surrounding stone circle. Subordinate tombs of this period appear in various forms, such as the stone lined burial, stone lined burial with horizontal entrance, stone lined jar coffin burial, and jar coffin burial. The layout of subordinate tombs is similar in the stone chamber tomb period, with stone lined jar coffin burials and jar coffin burials used as subordinate tombs. The subordinate tombs of Silla and Gaya in the Three Kingdoms period differ significantly. These differences, which exist on a large scale, indicate the presence of temporal and spatial variation in terms of burial practices. Subordinate tombs and central tombs show similarities in terms of external appearance, as well as grave goods. In addition, the fact that subordinate tombs have their own burial compartments, unlike sacrificial burials, and contain prestige objects, illustrates that the deceased was of higher rank than those buried in sacrificial burials. It therefore appears that the deceased of subordinate tombs consisted of individuals of the highest or second highest rank or those closely related to them in terms of blood or political and social ties. Consequently, the presence of subordinate tombs may give us insight into the nature of past social structure.
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이지웅,오성훈,김영수,고용,오석전,김남규,김광명 한양대학교 의과대학 1995 한양의대 학술지 Vol.15 No.1
Parkinson's disease has pathological changes which are the depletion of dopamine producing neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. It is treated with L-dopa or the stereotactic thalamotomy which may assist to relieve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but often unacceptable side effects occur and such therapies can't prevent the progression of the disease. As a new therapeutic modality, the transplantation of the dopamine producing neurons was designed and has been attempted. For the effective results of the neural transplantation, the author wanted to preserve neuronal cells more effectively. So, the author considered the use of antioxidant, alpha-tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol was reported that it was involved in mechanisms regulating neuronal survival and neurite formation in the central nervous system. It is extremely lipophilic and taken up by cells relatively slowly. It is not an ideal therapeutic antioxidant. Trolox, a hydrophilic analogue of alpha-tocopherol was reported to scavenge peroxyl radicals better than vitamin E and penetrate biomembranes more rapidly. The effects of Trolox on the culture of the ventral mesencephalic neurons of fetal rat were studied. Primary culture were established from 14-day fetal bain of SpragueDawley rats. The neurons were cultured on 24 wells with the media. Trolox was administrated with the concentration of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3mM. More than 60% of the cells could survive for 7 days at above 1.5mM Trolox, whereas only 18% of cells were observed in its absence and development of cellular processes were markedly improved in trolox treated groups compared with that of control group. The increase of the concentration of the Trolox upto 2mM, the effect of neuronal survival were increased. So, the author concluded that Trolox was the effective modality for preservation and development of mesencephalic cells and the effect was increased as dose-dependent until 2mM. It may be involved in mechanisms regulating cellular survival and development.
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효과적인 과학 학습지도 방안에 관한 연구 : 국민학교 자연과 학습을 중심으로
김광명 춘천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1987 敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.-
There are some problems is school science teaching in korea, on the aspect of inquiry learning. It was thought that science teaching strateges are inadequate which cause the poor achivement of inquiry learning. The teaching strateges of various aspects of researchers are deseribed and compared. And the most effective science teaching strateges in elementary schoole are sought. It was recommended that the Learning Cycle of Descriptive type and Empirical-Inductive one are most effective science teaching strategies in elementary school.
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김광명 대한신경외과학회 1973 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.2 No.2
Cervical fracture-dislocation continue to be a difficult therapeutic problem. It gives more prolonged and complexing neurological deficits and complications than any other injuries. Since the introduction of skull tongs for skeletal traction by Crutchfield in 1933, very little had been added to treat these cases until the works of Dereymaeker, Smith and Robinson, and Coward who introduced the value of anterior approach for cervical fracture-dislocations around 1955. The author reviewed 51 cases of cervical fracture-dislocations treated at Severance Hospital and Hanyang University Hospital from 1964 to 1972; 23 cases were treated by simple traction, 27 cases by anterior interbody fusion, and one case by posterior internal splint using resin and wiring. 1. Early anterior appoach offers a unique opportunity to treat the lesion under direct vision. The spinal instability can be corrected by a vertebral fusion, and prolonged immobilization in skull traction may be avoided. 2. Myelography and Queckenstedt's test is not indicated except in the few limited cases to find ruptured disc lesions. 3. Acute ruptured disc was found in almost all the surgical cases. In many cases, disc removal was imperative after conservative therapy. And interbody fusion gives the best prognosis. 4. For the reduction of new locked facets, posterior approach is easier and safer than anterior approach. But in the case of old locked facets, all scar tissue should be excised via anterior approach before performing posterior approach. 5. Postoperative anterior angulation of cervical spine resulted from compression of vertebral body at the time of injury, and it may be prevented by hyperextended surgical position of the cervical spine during interbody fusion and postoperative traction for two to three weeks.
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