Cortisone acetate 投與에 依한 Pneumocystis carinii 肺炎의 發症 課程

閔庚璇,李英河,羅榮彦,辛大煥 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1990 충남의대잡지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was undertaken to determine the provocative characteristics of experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cortisone acetate treated rats. A Total of 55 male Sprague-Dawley rats, body weights 166-224g, were used. Five out of them were used as control group and remaining 50 were as experimental groups. In experimental groups, the rats were injected with 25mg of cortisone acetate twice a week for 10 weeks subcutaneously and drinking water contained 1000mg tetracycline hydrochloride per liter. Control group was not administered any drug. The 5 rats were sacrified weekly at each week in experimental group. but control group was sacrified at 10 weeks. For arterial blood gas analysis, blood was collected from carotid artery of rats using catheter. The rat's lung were removed after killed. The stamp smeared specimens of lungs were prepared and stained toluldin blue 0 for the quantification of P.carinii cysts. For the histopathologic observations, lungs were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, cut into sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin stain. For the histologic score of the intensity of P.carinii pneumonia, the sections were stained with Gomori's methenamine silver stain. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the arterial blood gas analysis of cortisone acetate treated rats, blood pH and PaCO_2 was showed normal range. But PaO_2 was slightly decreased in experimental period. 2. Histopathologic finding of H-E staining sections were found in order of infiltration of lymphocyte and alveolar macrophage, eosinophilic foamy exudate, thickening of alveolar septum, desquamation of pneumocyte and fibrinoid degeneration and so on, but plasma cell was not found. 3. The histologic score of the intensity of P.carinii pneumonia was increased in proportion to the cortisonized periods of rats. 4. The number of cysts in the stamp smeared specimens of lungs were increased in proportion to the cortisonized periods of rats. And highly significant correlation was found between the histologic score of the intensity of P.carinii pneumonia and the number of cysts countered in the stamp smeared specimens of lungs(r=0.8620, ANOVA test p<0.0001). The present study revealed that provocative characteristics of experimental P. carinii pneumonia was highly significant relationship with the histologic score of P. carinii pneumonia and the number of cysts in the stamp smeared specimens of lung.

Metallo-β-lactamase 생성 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 및 포도당 비발효그람음성간균의 검출방법에 관한 연구

신경섭,김원식,손재철,홍승복,최재운,형성민 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2003 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.13 No.2

연구목적: Metallo-β-lactamse (MBL)는 carbepenem를 포함하는 대부분의 β-lactam 항균제를 가수분해할 수 있으므로 MBL 생성균의 확산은 이들 균에 의한 감염의 치료에 큰 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 MBL 생성균에 의한 감염의 확산을 막기 위해 이들 균의 조기 검출이 필요하다. 저자들은 MBL 생성균을 검출할 수 있는 세 가지 방법을 PCR 방법과 비교하여 보았다. 재료 및 방법: Imipenem의 MIC가 8 μg/mL 이상인 50개의 포도당 비발효 그람음성 간균을 대상으로 EDTA-double disk synergy test (EDTA-DDS), Etest MBL, Hodge 변법을 시행하였으며 대조 검사로 IMP-1, VIM-1, VIM-2에 대한 PCR을 시행하였다. 결과: 총 50 균주 중 MBL 생성균은 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 균주, Alcaligenens xylosxidans 7 균주 등 8 균주(16%)가 검출되었다. 이들 균주는 모두 VIM-2 형이었으며, EDTA-DDS, Etest MBL은 PCR 방법과 100% 일치하였다. Hodge 변법은 8 MBL 생성균주 중 2 균주를 검출하지 못했다. 결론: 50 균주 중 8 균주가 MBL 생성균이었고 모두 VIM-2 형이었다. Etest MBL은 가격이 비싸 검사실에서는 EDTA-DDS가 적당할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Because metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) has activity to hydrolysls against most β-lactam drugs, dissemination of MBL producing bacteria may cause problems of treatment of infection by their microorganisms. Early detection or screening for MBLs will contribute to prevent further spread of resistance. Authors compared three MBL detection methods with PCR for MBLs. Materials and Methods: For 50 isolates of g1ucose nonfermentative gram negative bacilli with reduced susceptability against imipenem (MIC≥8 μg/mL), EDTA-double disk synergy (EDTA-DDS), Etest MBL and modified Hodge test were compared with PCR detection method for MBLs. Results: Among 50 isolates of glucose nonfermentative microorganisms, eight MBL producers including a Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7 Alcaligenes xylosoxidans were detected. Those isolates were VIM-2 producer. The results of EDTA-DDS and Etest MBL completely agreed with PCR for MBL detection. Two isolates among eight MBL Producers were not detected in modified Hodge test. Conclusion: All of MBL producing bacteria were VIM-2 genotype. In conclusion, EDTA-DDS may be useful method for MBL detection in clinical laboratory due to high cost of Etest MBL strip.

윈도우 웨이블릿 스테레오 정합

신재민,도경훈 東西大學校 2001 동서논문집 Vol.7 No.-

In this paper, the wavelet-based stereo matching algorithm to obtain the accurate disparity in wavelet transformed domain by using shiftability, the modified wavelet transform and the similarities for the sub-bands. New approach for stereo matching by lots of feature information is to utilize translation-variant results of the sub-bands in the wavelet transformed domain because they cannot literally expect translation invariance in a system based on convolution and sub-sampling. To utilize the property of shiftability, we have to sample the data of the image with the pre-defined window: we use the same as a BMA(block matching algorithm). After matching the similarities for each sub-band, we can find the optimal matched-points because the sub-bands of shifted signals is definitely different from the original signal of not shifting. To find the optimal matched-points, however, we need to obtain the accurate data of sub-bands. therefore, the modified wavelet transform is used by the proposed algorithm; the modified wavelet transform does not have the process of decimations and does convolutions using the reconstructed sequences of data which involve information outside the window. The wavelet transformed images are decomposed into the coefficients which involve the same information of the blurred image, the horizontal, the vertical, and the diagonal edges, therefore, the final similarity is composed of four similarities for each sub-band and then the linear combination for the final similarity has a weight for each similarity. we can adaptively decide the value of weights because we can obtain the relative ratios based on the power spectrum of each sub-band. The proposed algorithm show the good results that do the noise-immune property and the accurate matching for edges.

전신성 홍반성 낭창의 임상적 고찰

신영태,김종학,장윤경,양종오,구영선,강민규,황평주,나기량,이강욱,서광선 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical features, symptoms and signs laboratory findings, kidney pathology, and clinicopathologic correlation of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) were analyzed. The 63 patients studied were managed at the Department of Internal medicine, CNUH, from January 1983 to December 1997. Kidney biopsy was performed in 53 patients out of 63 patients with SLE. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1:26. They were 12 to 71 years old and mean age was 32.1 years old. The peak age incidence was 4th decades(30%). 2. The most frequent chief complaint on admission was generalized edema. Most patients complain two or more symptoms. 3. Immunologic and renal disorders were the most frequently observed in the ARA criteria of SLE. And the positive ANA, hematologic disorder, malar rash, and arthritis, were observed in order of frequency. 4. Among the 53 patients with renal biopsy, 30 patients revealed class Ⅳ lupus nephritis(56%), class II in 12 patients(23%), class V in 8 patients(15%) and class III in 2 patients(6%). 5. The cases of lupus nephritis represented as nephrotic syndrome were high in the class IV with 68% and class V with 86%. 6. Of 30 patients who can be followed up, 5 patients resulted in death(17 % of mortality). They "were 14 to 57 years old and mean age was 28 years old. Follow up duration were from 1 month to 6 years and 3 months, and mean duration was 1 year and 1 month, but 3 cases 7. The causes of death were as follows: Two cases were due to seizure and coma resulted from CNS involvement. One was sepsis due to miliary the & pneumonia. One was dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure due to cardiac ac involvement. And the other one was sepsis and acute renal failure resulted from cellulitis. 8. Prednisolone was used in all patients basically, and methyl-prednisolone pulse therapy, antimalarials and alkylating agents were used in some cases. In the cases of combined therapy, the activity of SLE was well controlled.

톡소포자충의 세포질 항원 및 세포막 항원의 면역학적 특성 분석

이영하,한경민,김계영,신대환 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in humoral immune response between cytoplasmic soluble antigen and membrane antigen of Toxoplasma gondii. The cytoplasmic soluble and membrane antigens were prepared from T gondii tachyzoites by means of ultrasonication and treatment of Triton X-100. Sera were collected from mice immunized with each antigen at weekly interval for 10 weeks. The serum antibodies were detected by ELISA, and the antidody-binding proteins were analyzed by Western blot. The serum IgM titers were increased in mice immunized with cytoplasmic soluble antigen from 3 weeks, and the titers were peaked between 6 and 8 weeks. However the IgM antibody titers from mice immunized with the membrane antigen were not significantly increased in comparison with negative control group. The serum IgG titers were not revealed significant differences bewteen groups of antigens. Sera from mice immunized with cytoplasmic soluble antigen and membrane antigens reacted with specific bands of T.gondii from 2 and 3 weeks after immunization, respectively. During the course of immunization additional bands appeared consecutively, and antibody-binding antigens were reacted mainly with the molecular weight from 22-kDa to 68-kDa after 5 weeks. In conclusion, there were not distinguished specific humoral immune responses between cytoplasmic soluble antigen and membrane antigen of T.gondii, except serum IgM antibody responses.

둥시 장아찌 제조 과정 중 이화학적 특성 변화

차원섭,백신경,나경민,박준희,오상룡,이원영,천성숙,최웅규,조영제 한국응용생명화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.4

떫은감 품종의 하나인 등시를 이용하여 감장아찌 제조 중 과육의 이화학적 변화를 조사한 결과, 염도 변화는 저농도 간장 및 된장 침지의 경우 다소 완만한 증가를 보였고, 고농도의 간장 및 된장 침지의 경우 침지 기간내내 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 간장 침지액 감장아찌의 경도는 간장 및 된장 모두 20-80% 농도에서는 침지 초기에는 증가하다가 침지 기간이 경과할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 간장 침지 감장아찌의 색도 변화는 저장기간이 경과할수록 명도가 낮아지는 경향이었고, 적색도와 황색도는 침지액 농도를 달리하였을 경우 농도가 낮을수록, 침지 기간이 길어질수록 높았으며, 침지액 농도에 따른 차이는 크지 않았다. 침지액의 간장 및 된장의 농도를 달리하였을 때 감장아찌 중의 탄닌함량의 변화는 모든 침지액 농도에서 침지 기간이 지속될수록 탄닌의 함량은 저장 초기에 서서히 감소되다가 침지 기간이 길어질수록 급격히 감소하였으며, 첨가량에 따른 탄닌함량의 변화폭은 크지 않았다. 침지액의 간장 및 된장의 농도를 달리하였을 때 감과육에 존재하는 연화효소인 polygalacturonase와 pectinesterase 활성 변화는 간장침지 및 된장침지 모두 침지 초기부터 효소활성이 증가하기 시작하였으며 침지 기간이 경화할수록 효소활성은 더욱 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었고, 침지액의 농도가 높아질수록 효소활성이 억제되었다. Changes of physicochemical properties during the preparation of persimmon pickles were investigated. The salinity in persimmon pickles increased during storage time (0~50 days) with soy sauce and soy paste. When the fermented soy sauce and soy paste was added to the soaking solution with 80~100%, the salinity increased more rapidly. The hardness of persimmon pickles with soy sauce and soy paste was slightly increased up to the 20 or 30th day of storage and then decreased. L value of persimmon pickles was gradually decreased, but a and b value were slightly increased. The concentration of soluble tannin in persimmon pickles was slightly decreased down to the 20th day of storage and then decreased rapidly. The activities of polygalacturonase and pectinesterase as softening enzyme in persimmon pickles with soy sauce and soy paste increased during storage time (0-50 days) and enzyme activity was inhibited by high concentration of soaking solution.

P278 : Nonablative fractional laser as a tool to facilitate skin penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid with minimal skin disruption

( In Jung Kang ),( Jeong Hwee Choi ),( Min Jae Gwak ),( Hee Kyeong Lim ),( Mu Hyoung Lee ),( Min Kyung Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Effective penetration of photosensitizer is an essential step in photodynamic therapy (PDT). There have been trials of several methods, including laser treatment, to facilitate prompt and sufficiently deep transdermal drug delivery. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of nonablative fractional laser pretreatment on aminolevulinic acid (ALA) penetration of the skin. Methods: Twelve identical treatment areas of 1 × 1 cm2 on the backs of 10 healthy male subjects were mapped. Each area received laser treatment with a different energy and incubation with ALA for different times. Laser treatment was performed with a 1550 nm fractional erbium glass laser, and the laser energy was set to 20 and 50 mJ with a spot density of 50/cm2. ALA incubation time was set to 30, 60, or 180 min. Porphyrin fluorescence was measured. Results: Nonablative fractional laser-pretreated areas showed significantly increased porphyrin fluorescence compared to non-pretreated areas. Laser energy strength and ALA incubation time were positively correlated with ALA absorption. Conclusion: Nonablative fractional laser treatment effectively enhanced ALA skin penetration. Pretreatment with a nonablative fractional laser can be used for ALA-PDT to achieve higher therapeutic efficacy and shortened ALA incubation times with minimal skin barrier disruption compared to ablative laser.

Sevoflurane 흡입마취의 임상적 평가

신양식,김종래,최미영,홍정연,민경태 대한마취과학회 1993 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.26 No.3

This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of sevaflurane including an adjustability for anesthetic depth and an efficacy in 30 healthy patients who had no previous anesthetic complications or have not experienced general anesthesia within 1 month. After premedication with intramuscular administration of midazolam and glycopyrrolate, anesthesia was induced with thiopental sodium and succinylcholine and endotracheal intubation was done for all the patients. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5 to 2.0 vol% of sevoflurane according to changes of blood pressure in response to surgical stimuli in N₂O(2 L/min)-O₂(2 L/min) following 4∼5 vo1% inhalation for initial 5 minutes. For the muscle relaxation, vecuronium or pancuronium bromide 0.08 mg/kg was injected initially with additional doses in needed. At the end of operation, administration of N₂O and sevoflurane was discontinued. Pure oxygen with 5 L/min- flow rates was inhaled until full recovery. The emergence time interval from the discontinuation sevoflurane to the response of verbal command was about 10 minutes. The systolic blood pressure during operation reduced by 10 mmHg from preinduction value (from 126 to 116 mmHg). And the heart rate just before incision inereased by 14 beats/min from the preinduction value (from 83 beats/min to 97 beats/min). Arterial blood gas study showed mild hyperventilation with PaCO₂ of 30 torr during operation, but PaCO returned normocapneic state during spontaneous breathing after recovery from anesthesia. There was no evidence of respiratory depression during perianesthetic periods. Complete blood counts, biochemical studies, serum electrolytes, and urinalysis at the preanesthetic period, the 1st and 7th postoperative days revealed clinically nonisgnificant changes. However SGPT increased to 30 IU/L in the 7th postoperative day from the preoperative value of 13 IU/L. No arrhythmia did occur during anesthesia, and no complaint including headache, nausea and vomiting ect, was seen after recovery.

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Eis Regulates Autophagy, Inflammation, and Cell Death through Redox-dependent Signaling

Shin, Dong-Min,Jeon, Bo-Young,Lee, Hye-Mi,Jin, Hyo Sun,Yuk, Jae-Min,Song, Chang-Hwa,Lee, Sang-Hee,Lee, Zee-Won,Cho, Sang-Nae,Kim, Jin-Man,Friedman, Richard L.,Jo, Eun-Kyeong Public Library of Science 2010 PLoS pathogens Vol.6 No.12

<▼1><P>The “enhanced intracellular survival” (<I>eis</I>) gene of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> (Mtb) is involved in the intracellular survival of <I>M. smegmatis</I>. However, its exact effects on host cell function remain elusive. We herein report that Mtb Eis plays essential roles in modulating macrophage autophagy, inflammatory responses, and cell death via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent pathway. Macrophages infected with an Mtb <I>eis</I>-deletion mutant H37Rv (Mtb-<I>Δeis</I>) displayed markedly increased accumulation of massive autophagic vacuoles and formation of autophagosomes <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Infection of macrophages with Mtb-<I>Δeis</I> increased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 over the levels produced by infection with wild-type or complemented strains. Elevated ROS generation in macrophages infected with Mtb-<I>Δeis</I> (for which NADPH oxidase and mitochondria were largely responsible) rendered the cells highly sensitive to autophagy activation and cytokine production. Despite considerable activation of autophagy and proinflammatory responses, macrophages infected with Mtb-<I>Δeis</I> underwent caspase-independent cell death. This cell death was significantly inhibited by blockade of autophagy and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-ROS signaling, suggesting that excessive autophagy and oxidative stress are detrimental to cell survival. Finally, artificial over-expression of Eis or pretreatment with recombinant Eis abrogated production of both ROS and proinflammatory cytokines, which depends on the <I>N</I>-acetyltransferase domain of the Eis protein. Collectively, these data indicate that Mtb Eis suppresses host innate immune defenses by modulating autophagy, inflammation, and cell death in a redox-dependent manner.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Tuberculosis is a global health problem: at least one-third of the world's population is infected with <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> (Mtb). Mtb is a successful pathogen that enhances its own intracellular survival by arresting phagolysosomal fusion. Recently, autophagy has emerged as a host defense strategy against Mtb infection, through stimulation of the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes. However, excessive and uncontrolled autophagic activity can be detrimental to host cells and can result in their death. The Mtb “enhanced intracellular survival” (<I>eis</I>) gene has been implicated in the intracellular survival of <I>M. smegmatis</I>. However, its exact role and how it regulates host innate immune responses have not been fully explained. Here, we provide evidence that Eis suppresses macrophage autophagy, inflammation, and cell death through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although it has previously been demonstrated that autophagy is a key host defense response to mycobacterial infections, our data indicate that excessive autophagy, and the resulting cell death, do not significantly affect host defense responses to mycobacteria. Additionally, our data reveal that Eis's ability to regulate ROS generation and proinflammatory responses depends on its <I>N</I>-acetyltransferase domain. These results underscore a previously unrecognized role of Eis in modulating host inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and cell survival/death during mycobacterial infection.</P></▼2>

Effects of lead and mercury oral exposure on neuro-immune characteristics of BTBR T+tf/J mouse

Kyeong Min Shin,Katharine roque,Ji Hoon Jo,Chang Yul Kim,Yong Heo 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8