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Lidocaine, Thrombin, Epinephrine 의 항균효과
김진우,이동건,전혜선,김승준,김석찬,안중현,김치홍,권순석,김영균,김관형,문화식,신완식,송정섭,박성학 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.6
목적 : 기관지내시경 검사에서 흔히 사용되는 국소마취제인 lidocaine과 내시경시 지혈목적으로 사용되는 thrombin과 epinephrine이 각종 균주에 미치는 항균효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 균주는 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 2004년 3월부터 2004년 9월까지 임상검체 에서 동정된 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 각각 42, 42, 42, 43주를 대상으로 하였다. Lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 감수성 검사는 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 2002)의 기준에 따랐다. 결과 : Lidocaine은 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa에서 MIC_(50), MIC_(90) 모두 20,000 ㎍/mL 이었다. K. pneumoniae는 각각 10,000 ㎍/mL이었다. Thrombin은 S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에서 MIC50 500 lU/mL 과 MIC_(90) 500 IU/mL 이상이었고, K. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)이 모두 500 lU/mL이상이었으나 S. pneumoniae에서는 MIC_(50)과 MIC_(90)은 125 IU/mL이었다. Epinephrine은 K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 >500 ㎍/mL이었고, S. aureus와 P. aeruginosa에 대한 MIC_(50), MIC_(90)가 모두 500 ㎍/mL이었다. 결론 : 기관지 내시경 검사에서 흔히 쓰이는 lidocaine, thrombin, epinephrine 등의 약제들이 호흡기 질환의 흔한 병원균인 S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa 균주들에 대해 항균 효과가 있을 수 있어 세균배양검사에 영향을 미칠 수 있겠다. Background : We performed this stody to find out about antimicrobial effect of lidocaine which is commonly used local anesthetic, and thrombin and epinephrine used for hemostasis during bronchoscopic procedures. Materials and Methods : The microorganisms that were cultured from specimens obtained during bronchoscopy were Staphylococcus aureus (n=42), Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=42), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=42), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=43) collected from St. Mary's Hospital, from March to Sep 2004 were used for susceptibity testing. Susceptibility to lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine were tested according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Result : MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of lidocaine for S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa were all 20,000 ㎍/mL and that for K. pneumoniae were 10,000 ㎍/mL. MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of thrombin for both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was 500 IU/mL and above 500 IU/mL, respectively; that for K. pneumoniae were all above 500 IU/mL and for S. pneumoniae they were 125 IU/mL, MIC_(50) and MIC_(90) of epinephrine for K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were above 500 ㎍/mL; that for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 500 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : We observed possible antimicrobial effect of lidocaine, thrombin, and epinephrine in vitro against pathogens such as S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, which are common respiratory microorganisms. The use of these agants could affect the result of bacterial culture.
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자궁경부세포진에서 ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL의 세포조직학적 상관성과 임상적 의의
김영태,이규완,김세규,김탁,이낙우,박용균,김해중 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.5
목적 : 자궁경부세포진 검사에서 ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL의 빈도를 분석하고 ASCUS로 진단된 환자의 조직병리 소견을 분석하여 치료방침 결정에 도움을 주고자 하였고 ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL의 경우 각각의 세포조직학적 상관성을 구하여 임상적 의의를 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 1997년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 고려대학교 안산병원 산부인과에 내원하여 세포진 검사상 ASCUS, LSIL, HSIL로 진단된 환자중 조직학적 생검을 시행한 경우를 대상으로 하여 빈도, 세포조직학적 상관성 및 임상적 의의를 분석하였다. 결과 : 총 3587건의 세포진 검사 중 ASCUS가 164건(4.6%), LSIL이 29건(0.8%), HSIL이 46건(1.3%), 침윤성 암이 18건(0.5%)으로 나타나 비정상 세포진 검사소견이 차지하는 비율은 7.2%였고 ASCUS/SIL의 비율은 2.2였다. ASCUS 64건 중 30건(46.9%)이 만성자궁경부염 소견을 보였으며 LSIL은 26건(40.6%)이었는데 koilocytotic atypia가 23건, mild dysplasia가 3건이었다. HSIL은 7명(10.9%)이었고 침윤성 암은 1명 있었다. 세포조직학적 상관성(양성률)은 LSIL이 66.7%, HSIL이 100% 이었다. 결론 : ASCUS로 진단된 환자 중 LSIL이상의 병변이 조직검사에서 확인된 환자가 53.1%에 이르나 이형성증보다는 대부분의 경우에 koilocytotic atypia 소견을 보이므로 적극적인 진단방법보다는 추적 관리가 용이한 경우에는 세포진 검사를 반복시행하는 보존적 진단방법이 바람직할 것으로 생각되며 반면에 LSIL의 경우에는 세포조직학적 상관성이 높지 않고 조직학적 진단에서 HSIL로 나타나는 경우도 적지 않으므로 보다 적극적인 진단방법이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objective : To evaluate the cytohistologic correlation and the clinical significance among patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) identified on cervical Pap smear screening. Materials and Methods : Pathologic reports of patients who have underwent cervical Pap smear screening at Korea university Ansan hospital from January 1997 to December 1998 were evaluated. Cytologic diagnosis was classified by the Bethesda System (TBS). Among these patients, the patients whose histologic diagnosis was established by cervical punch biopsy, LEEP, conization, and hysterectomy were targetted. Cytohistologic correlation were analysed in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL respectively. Results : During 2 year period (1997-1998), total 3587 Pap smears were taken. The median rate of abnormal cytology was 7.2%, with 4.6% of ASCUS, 0.8% of LSIL, 1.3% of HSIL, and 0.5% of squamous cell carcinoma. The median ratio of ASCUS versus SIL was 2.2. Smears with ASCUS showed 46.9% with chronic cervicitis, 40.6% with LSIL(35.9% with koilocytotic atypia, 4.7% with mild dysplasia), 10.9% with HISL, and 1.6% with invasve squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. Smears with LSIL showed 38.1% with LSIL(9.5% with koilocytotic atypia, 28.6% with mild dysplasia), and 28.6% with HSIL on biopsy. Smears with HSIL showed 27.8% with LSIL, 63.9% with HSIL, and 8.3% with invasive squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. Conclusion : Smears with ASCUS showed 53.1% with SIL and cancer on biopsy. But most of theses cases revealed koilocytotic atypia rather than dysplasia, so conservative management such as repeated Pap smear is desirable. On the other hand, because smears with LSIL showed dysplasia rather than koilocytotic atypia on biopsy, more active management such as colposcopic directed biopsy is required.
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Kim, Dae-Joog,Lee, In-Seon The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 1997 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.2 No.1
The modifying effects of Chelidonium majus L/(Papaeracea)herb extract(CH) ,and analgesic traditionally prescribed for gastric and duodenal ulcer patients, on gastric tumor development given Ν-methyl-Ν'-nitro-Ν-nitrosogyanidine(MNNG) were studied in sixty-four 6 week-old male Wistar rats. Group 1 rats were ini-tially given MNNG(200mg/kg b/w.) by gavage ar days 0 and 14 as well as saturated sodium chloride solution(S-NaCI, 1ml per rat) every 3 days during weeks 0 to 3(6 times) and then placed on basal diet containing 0.1 or 0.2% CH ofr 16 weeks from week 4. Rats of Groups 2 and 3 were treated with MNNG together with S-NaCI or saline(0.9% NaCI, 21ml per rat) respectively, timed as in Group 1 but without further treatment. All survival animals were killed at week 20 and histopathologically investigate. in the glandular stomach, the number of preneoplastic pepsinogen 1 altered pyloric glands(PAPGs) in the MNNG+S-NaCI→CH(0.1%) group(Group 1) was significantly smaller than in the MNNG+S-NaCI group(Group 2)(p<0.02). The inci-dences of forestomach neoplastic lesions (Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas)also showed a tendency for decrease with the CH treatment. The results thus indicate that C"H exerts inhibitory effects on glandular for decrease with the CH treatment. The results thus indicate that CH exerts inhibitory effects on glandular stomach carcinogenesis in the rat, so that it may have potential as a chemopreventive agent for stomach cancer in man.
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논문 : 캐릭터 제품의 친숙성, 제품 애호도, 브랜드 태도가 소비자의 구매행태에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 -헬로 키티를 중심으로 중심으로-
최화열 ( Joog Gyoo Kim ),김중규 ( Hwa Yeol Choi ) 디자인융복합학회 2013 디자인융복합연구 Vol.12 No.3
현재 기술의 발전과 소비자 선호의 다양성으로 기업은 다양한 제품을 생산해내고 있다. 이러한 상황 하에서 기업은 자사의 제품을 부각시키기 위해 소비자에게 친근한 캐릭터들을 활용 활용, 친숙성을 이용해 마케팅에 이용하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 헬로키티를 중심으로 제품 캐릭터의 친숙성, 제품 애호도, 브랜드 태도가 소비자 구매행태에 긍정적인 변화를 일으킬 수 있는지를 파악하고자 한다. 이론적 고찰을 위해 국내 국내외 연구 논문을 참고하였으며, 실증분석을 하였다.. 측정대상은 헬로키티를 알고 있고 캐릭터에 관심이 많은 대학생 및 직장인 등 232명을 표본으로 하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구결과 제품 애호도, 브랜드 태도는 소비자 구매행태에 영향을 주었지만, 캐릭터 제품의 친숙성은 영향을 주지 않았다. At the present time due to development of technology and diversity of consumer preference, companies are producing a wide variety of products. Under these circumstances to look better their products companies have been marketing of using the characters which are familiar with consumers. The purpose of this study is to find out whether intimacy of the product character, product loyalty and brand attitude can effect on the consumer purchasing behavior positively. This study was carried out researching the domestic and foreign documents and based on the empirical analysis. A sample study was conducted by measurement target 232 people including college students and office workers who are interested in the characters. As results of this study, product loyalty, brand attitude affected the consumer purchasing behavior but intimacy of the character did not. Namely consumers can feel the intimacy of characters but they are not interested in the products containing the characters.
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김중형(Kim joog hyeong),송지환(Song ji hwan) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2015 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.15 No.8
본 연구는 초등학교 태권도선수들의 경기상황(우세한 상황, 열세한 상항, 동점 및 연장상황)에 따른 심리적 긴장정도를 분석하고 학생선수심리상태 변화에 따른 학생 선수중심의 효율적인 지도전략을 밝히는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 목적표집법 을 통해 G광역시 시대표 초등학교 태권도선수 8명을 선정하였다. 자료수집은 개방 형 설문지, 심층면담 그리고 귀납적 범주분석을 통해 내용을 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 태권도 경기상황에서 1회전 경기 직전이 심리적 긴장정도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경기상황에 따라 학생선수심리상태가 다양하게 변화되는 것으로 나 타났다. 그중 모든 경기상황에서 학생선수들은 긴장유발을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 우세한 상황과 열세한 상황 및 연장상황에서는 ‘경기에 더욱 집중하기’ 위해 긴 장유발이 나타났고 동점상황의 경우 ‘자신감 유지’를 위해 긴장유발이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경기상황에 따른 선수지도전략으로써 ‘적절한 각성’상태와 ‘자신감 강화’를 공통적인 심리적 대처 지도전략으로 활용하고 있었다. This study is to reveal that the primary competition situation of Taekwondo student-athlete center of effective instructional strategies needed to match the leaders of the analysis and psychological changes in the degree of psychological stress on the (prevailing circumstances, inferior situation, ties and extend situation) there is a purpose. G City representative for the purpose of this sampling method for Taekwondo athletes were selected for 8 people. Data collected and analyzed the contents through the open questionnaire, in-depth interviews and inductive category analysis (Patton, 1990). As a result, first, the game just before the first round showed the highest degree of psychological stress in the Taekwondo competition situation. Second, the state appears to be psychological changes depending on the competition situation, which was characterized as being caused tension in all competition conditions. The prevailing situation and the troubling situation and circumstances, it was extended in order to concentrate on the game, causing tension to the game. In the case of a tie situation was analyzed by induced stress it appears to maintain confidence. Third, as the instructional strategies due to the competition situation was used as a proper vigilance status and strengthening confidence, a common psychological coping strategy map in every game situation.
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Jae Kyung Kim,Yeo Joog Yoon,Kyoung Su Kim,Jong-Kuk Na,Ki Young Choi 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.2
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of relative humidity and air supply on the physiological and stomatal responses in peloric Phalaenopsis ‘Breeding No.522’ during acclimatization. Experiments were carried out in four different conditions: 1) relative humidity (RH) 85% without air supply (RH85% Non-air), 2) RH 85% with air supply (RH85% Air), 3) RH 75% without air supply (RH75% Non-air), and 4) RH 75% with air supply (RH75% Air). Plantlets were transferred into a custom-designed container for acclimatization, into which 10cc/min air was supplied continuously during the 10-day experimental period. The lowest tip burn (20%) was observed in plantlets treated with RH 85% Non-air, whereas the highest tip burn (55%) was found in plantlets with RH75% Air treatment. The photosynthetic rate did not exhibit a significant difference among treatments. However, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher in the RH75% Non-air plantlets than in the other three treatments. In CAM plants, malic acid accumulation correlates with photosynthesis activity, which can be inferred by measuring the leaf pH at night. The overall pH of the leaves in all treatments was low and the lowest value of pH was 4.8 in the RH75% Non-air plantlets. Stomatal density was significantly higher in conditions with high humidity (85%) or with air supply, suggesting that high humidity and air supply have synergistic effects for increasing stomatal density during the Phalaenopsis acclimatization. On the other hand, low humidity (75%) and air supply enlarged stomatal pore size.
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