Visual Feedback Effects and Movement Time Prediction for Mouse Control

Seung-Kweon Hong,Seon-Soo Kim 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

The aim of this study is to investigate visual feedback effects for predicting mouse control times. Background: Computer mouse tasks are controlled by visual feedback. The visual feedback also gives impact on the mouse control time. In order to predict mouse control time for mouse tasks, it is important to investigate the patterns of visual feedback involved in mouse control task. Method: Three types of mouse control (Fitts' movement, steering movement, Fitts + steering movement) were determined to investigate visual feedback effects on the mouse control time. Visual feedback is required in the step of homing to the target and in the process of cursor passage of constrained path. As the visual feedback is required, the cursor movement speed is decreased. The cursor movement speed was measured in the various experimental conditions of three types of tasks. Results: The target width in the Fitts' movement and the path width of the steering movement gave rise to visual feedback and increased the mouse control time. The mouse control time was in inverse proportion to both target width and path width. As the widths were wide enough, the visual feedback was not required. Conclusion The relationship between target width or path width and visual feedback should be considered to develop a mouse control time prediction model. Application: The results of cursor speed analysis might help to determine the mouse control time prediction models.

The Effect of Visual Feedback on One-hand Gesture Performance in Vision-based Gesture Recognition System

Junho Kim,Ji Hyoun Lim,Sung Hyun Moon 대한인간공학회 2012 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

Objective: This study presents the effect of visual feedback on one-hand gesture performance in vision-based gesture recognition system when people use gestures to control a screen device remotely. Backgroud: gesture interaction receives growing attention because it uses advanced sensor technology and it allows users natural interaction using their own body motion. In generating motion, visual feedback has been to considered critical factor affect speed and accuracy. Method: three types of visual feedback(arrow, star, and animation) were selected and 20 gestures were listed. 12 participants perform each 20 gestures while given 3 types of visual feedback in turn. Results: People made longer hand trace and take longer time to make a gesture when they were given arrow shape feedback than star-shape feedback. The animation type feedback was most preferred. Conclusion: The type of visual feedback showed statistically significant effect on the length of hand trace, elapsed time, and speed of motion in performing a gesture. Application: This study could be applied to any device that needs visual feedback for device control. A big feedback generate shorter length of motion trace, less time, faster than smaller one when people performs gestures to control a device. So the big size of visual feedback would be recommended for a situation requiring fast actions. On the other hand, the smaller visual feedback would be recommended for a situation requiring elaborated actions.

세라밴드 운동이 포함된 시각 및 청각 피드백이 둥근 어깨 자세에 미치는 영향

최재필,조용재,강나윤,김효석,김태호,홍정민,김민희 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2021 PNF and Movement Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual and auditory feedback combined with theraband exercise in rounded shoulder posture. Methods: There were 43 adults with rounded shoulder posture who had a distance of 2.5 cm or more from the posterolateral of the acromion to the table in the supine position that participated. The participants were randomly divided into four groups: those with visual feedback from the lateral view (visual feedback; VFB, n = 11) provided, those with auditory feedback of praise (auditory feedback; AFB, n = 10) provided, those with visual feedback and auditory feedback (visual auditory feedback; VAFB, n = 11) provided, and those without any feedback (control group; CON, n = 11). Theraband exercise with or without feedback was carried out three times per week for three weeks. To confirm the effect of theraband exercise with visual feedback and auditory feedback on pain, range of motion (ROM), posture, and psychological variables were measured before and after exercise in participants with rounded shoulder posture. Results: The VAFB group showed significant differences in pain, ROM, posture, and psychological variables when compared before and after treatment. However, the differences among the VAFB, VFB, AFB, and CON groups were significant in the ROM of abduction, the New York Posture Rating, and the scapular index. Conclusion: In conclusion, theraband exercise combined with visual feedback from the lateral view and auditory feedback by praise improved rounded shoulder posture. Moreover, auditory feedback was more significant statistically than visual feedback. .

보강적 피드백의 제시시기와 제시방법에 따른 리듬체조 후프 동작 학습의 효과

김지수,육동원 한국스포츠심리학회 2003 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구는 보강적 피드백의 제시시기와 제시방법에 따른 리듬체조 후프 동작의 학습효과를 알아보는데 연구의 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구의 피험자들은 20대 남, 여 각 30명씩 총 60명을 대상으로 하였고, 실험과제는 리듬체조 기술 중에서 후프과제를 선정하였고, 후프 기술 가운데 연구의도에 적합하게 구성하여 타당도를 검증한 5가지의 연속동작 과제이다. 연구의 목적 삼 리듬체조의 경험이 없는 20대 남, 여를 대상으로 하며 6개의 실험집단 즉 동시적 시각 피드백, 동시적 언어 피드백, 동시적 혼합 피드백, 종말적 시각 피드백, 종말적 언어 피드백, 종말적 혼합 피드백 조건에 남, 여 같은 수의 비율로 우선배정 하였다. 동시적 시각 피드백 조건은 시행 중에 숙련모델의 동작 수행 장면을 정면에 설치된 TV모니터를 통하여 보면서 동작을 수행하는 조건이었으며, 동시적 언어 피드백 조건은 후프동작에 관한 언어적 정보를 연속적으로 들으면서 동작을 수행하는 조건이었다. 동시적 혼합 피드백 조건은 시행 중에 숙련모델의 동작 수행 장면과 언어적 정보를 동시에 제공받으며 동작을 수행하는 조건이었다. 종말적 시각 피드백 조건과 종말적 언어 피드백 조건, 그리고 종말적 혼합 피드백 조건은 각 시행 끝난 후에 동시적 피드백과 동일한 방법으로 보강적 피드백을 제공받는 조건이었다. 본 연구는 보강적 피드백의 제시시기와 제시방법에 따라 운동수행과 학습에 차이가 있는 가를 알아 보기 위하여, 각 시행 분단을 반복 측정하는 2(피드백 제시시기)×3(피드백 제시방법)×5(분단) 요인설계를 하였다. 즉각 파지단계와 지연 파지단계도 역시 삼원변량분석을 실시하였다. 통계처리는 윈도우용 SPSS (ver. 10.0)프로그램을 사용하였으며, 유의수준 P< .05에서 주효과와 상호작용효과를 분석하였으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차를 보인 부분은 사후검증 (Tukey's HSD)을 실시하였다. 그에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 동시적 피드백과 종말적 피드백은 동작수행점수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 시각 피드백과 언어 피드백은 동작수행점수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 시각 피드백이 언어 피드백보다 동작수행점수가 좋았다. 셋째, 시각 피드백과 혼합 피드백은 동작수행점수에서 통계적의로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 넷째, 혼합 피드백과 언어 피드백은 동작수행점수에서 통계적의로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 혼합 피드백이 언어 피드백보다 동작수행점수가 좋았다. 다섯째, 분단간에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 시행이 증가함에 따라 각 분단 모두에서 수행점수의 향상이 있었다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of learning a hoop movement on timing and method of augmented feedback in rhythmic gymnastics. The sixty subjects (30 males & 30 females) were selected from adults (ranging from 20 to 29 years) in Seoul, Korea. The subjects were randomly assigned to 6 different conditions groups: Concurrent Visual Feedback (experimental group 1), Concurrent Visual Feedback (experimental group 2), Concurrent Visual +Verbal Feedback (experimental group 3), Terminal Visual Feedback (experimental group 4), Terminal Verbal Feedback (experimental group 5), Terminal Visual+Verbal Feedback (experimental group 6). Each experimental group participated in 5 sequential movements of hoop skill tasks, was carried out 2 (feedback timing)×3 (feedback method)×5 (block) factorial design with repeated measures on the last factor. All post hoc analyses used the Tukey's HSD for difference between motor performance and learning on timing and method of feedback. Also, retention and delayed retention stages analyzed by 3-way ANOVA. Data analyses were derived through the use of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 10.0). The following results are based upon the findings of this study: 1) there were not significant differences between concurrent feedback and terminal feedback in the movement performance scores, 2) there were significant differences between visual feedback and verbal feedback in the movement performance scores and then visual feedback was higher than verbal feedback in the movement performance scores, 3) there were not significant differences between Visual feedback and mixed feedback in the movement performance scores, 4) there were significant differences between mixed feedback and verbal feedback in the movement performance scores and then mixed feedback was higher than verbal feedback in the movement performance scores, 5) there were significant differences in the blocks and according to the increase of blocks, the movement performance scores of each block became higher. In conclusion, regarding the feedback timing, there were not significant differences when the process or the end of movement performance received feedbacks. Visual or visual+verbal feedback was more effective than verbal feedback in the method of feedback.

토픽 모델링 기반의 시각적 피드백에 대한 학습자의 사용의도 분석: 온라인 토론 학습에서 성찰 활동을 중심으로

장민경,이현우 한국교육방법학회 2023 교육방법연구 Vol.35 No.1

This study aims to utilize topic modeling-based visual feedback and examine its effect in order to increase the ease and effectiveness of feedback in online discussion learning. Therefore, learners' perceptions of whether topic modeling-based visual feedback on discussion contents is helpful for their reflection during reflection activities on discussions were investigated, and structural relationships between variables that affect intention to use were explored. To this end, we conducted discussion activities for 31 learners in a major lecture at A university in Seoul, and conducted text analysis and visualization through LDA topic modeling for discussion articles written by learners. After that, we presented learners with topic modeling-based visual feedback on the content of the discussion and then had them reflect on the discussion, and conducted a usability survey on the presented feedback to find out learners' perceptions. In addition, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted according to the technology acceptance model(TAM) to investigate the effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease on acceptance intention and the mediating effect of attitude. As a result of the study, learners recognized that topic modeling-based visual feedback was easy to grasp the opinions of other learners, intuitively understand the discussion results, and reflect on their writings through feedback. On the other hand, it is pointed out that feedback interpretation is difficult, so it is necessary to provide feedback use education and explanation. In addition, it was found that perceived usefulness and perceived ease had a positive effect on learners' intention to accept topic modeling-based visual feedback, and that attitude mediated them. Through this study, learners who easily understand and usefully recognize visual feedback based on topic modeling form a positive attitude toward feedback as a facilitating factor for reflection in the acceptance process and increase the intention to use it. This highlights the need for visual feedback on the content of the discussion. In addition, improvements to enhance the effectiveness of visual feedback have been proposed.

The Effect of Visual Feedback Bicycle Training on Maximal Oxygen Uptake, Quadriceps Muscle Strength, and Running Performance in Healthy Young Adults

Hyeonguk Kim,이승원,최원재 물리치료재활과학회 2022 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.11 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback bicycle training on running performance, maximal oxygen uptake and quadriceps muscle strength. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen healthy adult men with no musculoskeletal or nervous system disease and capable of bicycle training were included. After the pretest, subjects were randomly assigned to visual feedback bicycle training group and general fixed bicycle training group. Both groups were trained two times a week for three weeks, each week for a fixed time and number of repetitions, followed by a six week washout period and then crossing the training method. visual feedback bicycle training provides visual feedback of heart rate in real time using a monitor and a heart rate meter during bicycle training, and general fixed bicycle training performed general bicycle training without visual feedback. After training, each item was measured using a wearable technology, gas analyzer, isokinetic equipment. Results: The results of this study was significant differences in running performance, maximal oxygen uptake and quadriceps muscle strength in visual feedback bicycle training group (p<0.05). The differential effect was found between visual feedback bicycle training group and general fixed bicycle training group in running performance, maximal oxygen uptake, and quadriceps muscle strength (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that that visual feedback bicycle training can be applied as a useful training method to improve running performance, maximal oxygen uptake and quadriceps muscle strength.

Effects of Diaphragm Breathing Training Through Visual Feedback on Diaphragm Movement and Lung Function in Normal Women

김태희,전여진,이동엽,홍지헌,유재호,김성길,김진섭 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2024 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing training with visual feedback on diaphragm movement and lung function in healthy women. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the participation of 20 healthy college-aged women without any underlying physical conditions. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups: the intervention group that received diaphragmatic breathing training with visual feedback and the control group that underwent sham training without visual feedback. Diaphragmatics movement were assessed through respiratory motion analysis, and lung function was measured using spirometry before and after the training period. Data analysis included a paired t-test to compare within-group differences and an independent t-test to compare the effects between the two groups. Results: In both groups, diaphragmatic movement significantly increased after the intervention (p<.05). In addition, the intervention group that received visual feedback exhibited significant improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and diaphragm movement (p<.05). However, the control group without visual feedback demonstrated only a significant increase in diaphragm movement (p<.05). Furthermore, the intervention group showed a significantly greater increase in FVC than the control group. Conclusion: This study reveals that incorporating visual feedback into diaphragmatic breathing training can effectively enhance diaphragmatic movement and improve lung function in healthy women. These findings suggest the potential benefits of visual feedback in optimizing the benefits of diaphragmatic breathing exercises. These results have implications for respiratory rehabilitation, stress reduction, and overall well-being in the general population. More studies are recommended to explore the long-term effects of diaphragmatic breathing training with visual feedback and its application in clinical populations with respiratory disorders.

거울을 통한 시각적 되먹임이 노인의 균형에 미치는 영향

인태성 ( In Tae Sung ),김용수 ( Kim Yong Su ),정경심 ( Jung Kyoung Sim ) 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2014 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.53 No.3

본 연구는 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 일어서기 동작 시 시각적 되먹임이 자세 동요에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시행하였다. 20명(남 9, 여 11)의 노인이 연구에 참여하였으며, 대상자들은 네 가지 다른 조건에서 실험을 실시하였다. 첫째 안정된 면에서 시각적 되먹임 차단, 둘째 안정된 면에서 거울을 통한 시각적 되먹임 제공, 셋째 발란스 패드를 이용한 불안정한 면에서 시각적 되먹임 차단, 넷째 불안정한 면에서 거울을 통한 시각적 되먹임을 제공한 상태에서 자세 동요 거리와 자세 동요 속도를 측정하였다. 지지면과 시각적 되먹임 여부에 따라 4가지 조건에서 자세 동요 거리를 비교한 결과, 전ㆍ후방 자세 동요 거리와 내ㆍ외측자세 동요 거리에서 모두 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p < .05). 시각적 되먹임 없이 불안정한 면에서 일어서기 동작을 하였을 때 자세 동요가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 거울을 통한 시각적 되먹임을 제공하였을 때 전ㆍ후방 자세 동요 거리와 자세 동요 속도, 내ㆍ외측자세 동요 거리에서 유의한 감소효과가 나타났다(p < .05). 앞으로의 연구에서는 다양한 질환자를 대상으로 보다 많은 환경에서 시각적 되먹임의 효과에 대해 연구할 필요가 있겠다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a visual feedback provided using a mirror on postural sway during sit to standing in elderly persons. Twenty subjects (9 males, 11 females) with stroke enrolled in the study. Data collection over 30s as subjects sit to standing at self-selected speed during: in randomized order with (1) not applied visual feedback on stable surface, (2) visual feedback on stable surface, (3) not applied visual feedback on unstable surface, (4) visual feedback on unstable surface. Result showed that the significant differences in Anterio-posteior, mediolateral postural sway distance, anterio-posterior postural sway speed during the sit to standing between four conditions. Higher postural sway were found during the sit to standing on an unstable surface without visual feedback. The postural sway were significantly lower during the sit to standing on a stable surface or when is provided visual feedback through a mirror. In conclusion, visual feedback using a mirror is benefical for improving balance ability during the sit to standing in elderly persons. Further studies, balance ability should be measured at during standing applied different feedback in patients with impairmented balance aiblity.

인문·사회과학편 : 프리즘 적응 과제 중 시각 피드백에 따른 파킨슨씨병 환자들의 감각-운동 적응에 관한 연구

이경현(KyoungHyunLee) 한국체육학회 2012 한국체육학회지 Vol.51 No.3

본 연구는 기저핵과 같이 감각-운동 적응에 관련이 있으나 아직 그 역할이 불분명한 두뇌부위의 기능을 파악하고자 기저핵 부위에 문제가 있다고 알려진 파킨슨씨병 환자를 대상으로 각기 다른 적응 메커니즘을 유도하는 동시시각피드백과 종말시각피드백의 서로 상이한 감각환경을 이용한 프리즘 적응 메커니즘을 적용하였으며, 지적운동간 감각이 편향적 이동을 방지하기 위하여 3초의 지적운동 소요시간을 적용하였다. 연구결과 두 가지 모든 시각 환경에서 적응속도에 차이가 없었다. 적응 정도를 나타내는 후효과 분석 결과, 동시시각피드백의 시각 환경에서는 총감각과 체감각 이동이 유의한 차이가 있었으나 시감각은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 그와 반대로 종말시각피드백의 시각 환경에서는 시각 이동에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 총감각과 체감각에서는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과는 기저핵의 기능 상실로 인한 적응지속 능력의 결여와 두뇌의 기능의 부분적 상실에 따른 뇌의 보상작용과 관계가 있을 거라고 해석하였다. The aim of this study was to confirm the suggested roles of the basal ganglia related with sensory-motor adaptation during the prism adaptation and there were two different ways to give the participations visual feedback. The first one is concurrent visual feedback condition and the other is terminal visual feedback condition that were introduced while the Parkinson's disease(PD) performed the prism adaptation tasks. The results showed that, in the both visual feedback conditions, the adaptation rate during the prism-on and off periods were not significantly different betweent the groups. However, in the concurrent visual feedback condition, the aftereffects of total and proprioceptive shifts were significantly smaller than the control group, and the aftereffect of visual shift, in the terminal visual feedback condition, was significantly larger than the control group. PD has a known issue that is hard to keep the ability of adaptation by motor learning. That could be a reason why the different results came out in the different visual feedback conditions.

슬링을 이용한 교각운동 시 장력센서와 경사계를 이용한 시각적 피드백이 근활성도에 미치는 영향

권유정 ( Yu-jeong Kwon ),송민영 ( Min-young Song ) 대한통합의학회 2021 대한통합의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the relative muscle activity on the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and hamstring, using a non-visual feedback bridge exercise and a visual feedback bridge exercise with a tension sensor and clinometer. Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects participated in this study. The study subjects performed bridge exercises without visual feedback, bridge exercises using a tension sensor, and bridge exercises using an inclinometer in the supine position, and the muscle activity of the left and right erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and hamstring muscles was measured while maintaining isometric contraction during the bridge movement. Muscle activity was measured by using surface an electromyography equipment. To standardize the measured action potential of each muscle, the maximum voluntary isometric contraction was measured. The bridge exercise was repeated 3 times for 5s each. Using repeated analysis of variance, we compared the significant difference in EMG activity for each muscle between the three experiments, and all statistical processing was performed using SPSS version 26. The statistical significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: During bridging exercises, the asymmetry of the muscle activity of the erector spinae and gluteus maximus during visual feedback guiding was lower than that during no visual feedback. However, there was no significant difference. Moreover, the asymmetry of the muscle activity of the hamstring muscles was significantly lower during tension sensor visual feedback than that during no visual feedback (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that bridge exercise with visual feedback using a tension sensor and an inclinometer is effective in inducing symmetrical movement. When it is necessary to symmetrically adjust the weight load of both feet during the bridge exercise, it is effective to apply visual feedback using a tension sensor.