조정선수들의 최대하운동 후 고온 적용 및 고온 후 저온침수 적용이 혈중 피로변인 및 혈중 전해질에 미치는 영향

김상수(Kim Sang-Soo),이원재(Lee Won-Jae),주성범(Ju Sung-Bum) 한국체육과학회 2008 한국체육과학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high temperature or cold immersion after high temperature on blood fatigue factor and blood electrolytes after submaximal exercise in rowing player. Subjects were performed rowing exercise of 80%VO2max and then were treated high temperature(high temperature) or cold immersion after high temperature(high temperature) for 15 min and the effects on blood fatigue factor(blood lactic acid, plasma ammonia, serum CPK and serum LDH) and blood electrolytes(Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca++, Mg++) have been evaluated. According to 15 minutes of high temperature and high temperature+cold immersion, and 20 minutes of recovery period, blood lactate concentration were not recovered up to the level of rest period. Serum LDH was recovered up to the level of rest period in the application of high temperature+cold immersion after 10min of recovery period. Serum CPK was recovered up to the level of rest period in the application of high temperature+cold immersion after recovery trials. Blood sodium(Na+) was showed lower than the level of rest period in the application of high temperature+cold immersion after recovery trials. Blood potassium(K+) and blood magnesium(Mg++) was showed lower than the level of rest period in the application of high temperature after recovery trials. Blood calcium(Ca++) showed that the interaction of high temperature and high temperature+cold immersion was not significant. Blood chloride(Cl-) was showed lower than the level of rest period in the application of high temperature after recovery trials and 20min of recovery period Application of high temperature and cold immersion after high temperature effectively appeared to recovery plasma ammonia, serum CPK and serum LDH to the level of rest period in recovery period. In the high temperature application, blood electrolytes was shown lower than level of rest period in recovery period.

벼 등숙기 고온이 잎의 엽록소구성과 광합성 및 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

손지영,김준환,이충근,양운호 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.3

High temperature impairs rice grain yield and quality. To understand the effect of high temperature on leaf physiological activity and grain filling, two cultivars of rice that Dongan and Ilpum were exposed to high temperature during ripening stage. Grain filling rate, perfect grain ratio and grain weight of high temperature (27℃±4℃) treated both rice cultivars were decreased than those of control temperature (22℃±4℃) treated. The reduction rates of grain filling ratio, perfect grain ratio and grain weight of high temperature treated to control treated rice were higher in Ilpum than Dongan. Chlorophyll contents of rice leaves under high temperature at early ripening stage were higher than those of control temperature, but those were slowly decreased with no difference between temperature treatment since at mid ripening stage. Although chlorophyll a/b ratio under high temperature was decreased from heading to 15 days after heading, that was gradually increased since 15 days after heading. Protein concentrations of rice leaves for ripening stage was a similar pattern with chlorophyll changes. The rate of photosynthesis at 14 days after heading under high temperature was higher than those of control temperature, but there was no difference at those of 7 and 34 days after heading between two temperature treatment. Free sugars under high temperature treated leaves were lower than control temperature. Consequently, these results exhibit that high temperature accelerate leaf physiological activity as chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis rate unlike the deterioration of grain filling. Keywords : rice, high-temperature, chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, photosynthesis, senescence 등숙기 고온이 잎의 생리적 활력과 등숙에 미치는 영향을알아보고자, 동안과 일품 두 품종을 등숙기에 고온 처리하여 등숙 형질을 분석하고, 잎의 광합성, 엽록소 함량 및 엽록소 a/b율 등을 알아보았다. 등숙기 고온(27±4℃)처리에서두 품종 모두 등숙률, 완전립률, 천립중이 감소하였으나 일품은 동안에 비해 모두 감소율이 컸다. 엽록소 함량은 등숙초기 고온에서 적온보다 두 품종 모두 증가하였으며, 등숙중기이후 엽록소감소양상은 온도처리에 따른 차이가 없었다. 엽록소 a/b율은 고온에서 감소하였다가 출수후 15일 이후 증가하였으며 적온에서는 출수 이후 지속적으로 증가하였다. 잎의 단백질농도 변화는 고온에서 등숙초기 약간 높은 경향이었으나 이후 처리 간 차이없이 등숙후기까지 지속적으로 감소하였다. 최대 광합성량은 유숙기인 출수 후 14 일에 고온이 적온보다 높았고 출수후 7일과, 등숙후기(출수후 34일)에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 잎의 유리당 함량은고온이 적온보다 낮았다. 결론적으로 등숙기 고온은 잎의생리적 활력을 적온보다 오히려 증가 시켜 엽록소함량과 광합성율이 증가하였으므로, 고온에 의한 이삭의 등숙저하는이삭으로의 전류나 전분축적기작 과정의 문제가 더 클 것으로 생각된다.

국내 육성 조생종 벼 품종들에 대한 등숙기 고온내성 평가

조성우,정지웅,강경호,김현순,김보경 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.2

Early-maturing Korean Japonica cultivars and Jungmo1024 were used as plant materials to evaluate hightemperature tolerance during grain filling stage. National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Korea developed Jungmo1024, a mutant line from Namil (wild type) treated by using sodium azide (SA) as mutagen. To evaluate high-temperature tolerance, all cultivars were exposed to high-temperature (day 31.5±2.5℃/ night 27.5±1.3℃) and ordinary temperature (day 27.5±1.8℃/ night 24.7±1.6℃) during grain filling stage. In these conditions, we performed compared evaluation of grain shape such as length and width and grain quality by using a 1625 Cervitec grain inspector. High-temperature during grain filling stage caused decrease of grain shape. In grain shape such as length and width, the decrease rate of width (average 6.3%) was higher than the decrease rate of length (average 1.3%). Hence, high-temperature affected width of grain than length of grain. In addition, high-temperature showed a decided difference in rate of head rice between ordinary temperature (average 76.3%) and high-temperature (average 13.3%).As a result, Taebong, Ungwang, Manan, and Jungmo1024 seemed relatively a decent high-temperature tolerance than other cultivars. Especially, Jungmo1024 seemed remarkable rate of head rice (average 34.4±6.2%) than other cultivars under high-temperature. It is considered that a genetic trait of Jungmo1024 can be useful to improve breeding for high-temperature tolerance. 본 연구는 국내 조생종 벼 품종들과 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 육성된 자포니카(Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica) 의 조생 다수성 품종인 남일 돌연변이 계통인 중모1024의등숙기 고온내성을 비교 평가하여 등숙기 고온내성의 기초자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 국내 조생종벼 품종들 중 대봉, 운광, 및 만안과 돌연변이 계통인 중모1024가 고온에서 상대적으로 양호한 고온내성을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가되었으며. 특히 중모1024는 다른 공시품종들에 비하여 상당히 양호한 고온내성을 가진 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 등숙기간 동안 고온에 의하여현미의 길이와 너비가 감소하였으며, 현미 너비의 감소율이현미 길이의 감소율에 비하여 평균 4배 이상 높았다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 등숙기간 동안 고온에 의하여 현미의 길이보다는 너비가 더 많은 영향을 받는다고 사료된다. 등숙기간 동안 고온에 의해 가장 문제가 되는 완전미율과 미숙립율을 공시품종들간 비교 평가한 결과, 상대적으로 중모1024, 태봉, 운광 및 만안이 고온에서 높은 현미완전미율을보였으며, 상대적으로 적온에서 낮은 현미완전미율을 보인품종들이 상대적으로 고온에 의한 현미완전미율 감소율이적온에서 높은 현미완전미율을 보인 품종들에 비해 낮았다. 또한, 다른 공시품종들에 비하여 고온내성이 양호한 중모1024는 고온에서도 좋은 쌀 외관품위와 안정적 수확성 향상을 위한 육종모재로서 유용형질을 교배를 통해 고품질 벼의보완을 위해 이전할 수 있는 것이 용이할 것으로 사료된다.

벼 등숙기 고온이 잎의 엽록소구성과 광합성 및 생리적 변화에 미치는 영향

손지영,김준환,이충근,양운호 한국작물학회 2015 Korean journal of crop science Vol.60 No.3

High temperature impairs rice grain yield and quality. To understand the effect of high temperature on leaf physiological activity and grain filling, two cultivars of rice that Dongan and Ilpum were exposed to high temperature during ripening stage. Grain filling rate, perfect grain ratio and grain weight of high temperature (27℃±4℃) treated both rice cultivars were decreased than those of control temperature (22℃±4℃) treated. The reduction rates of grain filling ratio, perfect grain ratio and grain weight of high temperature treated to control treated rice were higher in Ilpum than Dongan. Chlorophyll contents of rice leaves under high temperature at early ripening stage were higher than those of control temperature, but those were slowly decreased with no difference between temperature treatment since at mid ripening stage. Although chlorophyll a/b ratio under high temperature was decreased from heading to 15 days after heading, that was gradually increased since 15 days after heading. Protein concentrations of rice leaves for ripening stage was a similar pattern with chlorophyll changes. The rate of photosynthesis at 14 days after heading under high temperature was higher than those of control temperature, but there was no difference at those of 7 and 34 days after heading between two temperature treatment. Free sugars under high temperature treated leaves were lower than control temperature. Consequently, these results exhibit that high temperature accelerate leaf physiological activity as chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthesis rate unlike the deterioration of grain filling.

보리 등숙기 고온에 따른 전분합성 및 동화산물 전류 특성 변화

이현석,황운하,김대욱,정재혁,안승현,백정선,정한용,윤종탁,이건휘,이건휘 한국작물학회 2017 한국작물학회지 Vol.62 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of high temperature on the stem, leaf and grain of barley during the ripening period and to provide information for the development of high-temperature cultivation techniques and adaptive varieties. We used an artificial climate control facility, to provide a temperature 3℃ higher than the normal average temperature during the ripening stage. Although the maximum rate of starch synthesis was increased at high temperature by approximately 11%, the starch content was decreased, because the period of starch synthesis ended 4 days earlier. As in the case of starch synthesis, the expression of genes related to starch synthesis was increased at the early ripening stage in the high temperature treatment, however, the duration of expression tended to decrease rapidly. Furthermore, the partitioning rate of assimilation products in the panicle increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control. In contrast, for the stem and leaf, the partitioning rate of assimilation products decreased more rapidly in the high temperature treatment than in the control. On the basis of these results, it can be considered that the translocation rate of assimilation products increased to a greater extent in the high temperature treatment than in the control at the early ripening stage. These results indicate that the decrease in grain weight at high temperature during the ripening stage is attributable to an increase in the speed of starch synthesis at high temperature, but the increase in ripening speed does not compensate for the shortening of the ripening period. Finally to develop varieties and cultivation techniques suited to high temperature, we need to focus on physiological characteristics related to the duration of starch synthesis.

TiC-Mo 공정복합재료의 고온 변형특성

신순기,Shin, Soon-Gi 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.10

The deformation properties of a TiC-Mo eutectic composite were investigated in a compression test at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 2053 K and at strain rates ranging from $3.9{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$ to $4.9{\times}10^{-3}s^{-1}$. It was found that this material shows excellent high-temperature strength as well as appreciable room-temperature toughness, suggesting that the material is a good candidate for high-temperature application as a structure material. At a low-temperature, high strength is observed. The deformation behavior is different among the three temperature ranges tested here, i.e., low, intermediate and high. At an intermediate temperature, no yield drop occurs, and from the beginning the work hardening level is high. At a high temperature, a yield drop occurs again, after which deformation proceeds with nearly constant stress. The temperature- and yield-stress-dependence of the strain is the strongest in this case among the three temperature ranges. The observed high-temperature deformation behavior suggests that the excellent high-temperature strength is due to the constraining of the deformation in the Mo phase by the thin TiC components, which is considerably stronger than bulk TiC. It is also concluded that the appreciable room-temperature toughness is ascribed to the frequent branching of crack paths as well as to the plastic deformation of the Mo phase.

Crack initiation and propagation thresholds of Hwangdeung granite under elevated temperature

박정욱,이용기,박찬,김창민 한국지질과학협의회 2022 Geosciences Journal Vol.26 No.6

In this study, we investigated the effect of high temperature on the mechanical behavior of Hwangdeung granite in Korea. Uniaxial compression and Brazilian tests were performed under temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 250 °C. The development of the thermally induced microcracks was observed utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The target temperature was chosen for rock engineering projects, such as high-level radioactive waste disposal, enhanced geothermal energy, and thermal energy storage. Considering the long-term strength and fracture process associated with crack development, we examined the temperature dependence of crack initiation and propagation thresholds and conventional strength and deformation parameters, as well as the stress-strain relation under high temperature. Compressive strength, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus decreased with increasing temperature, particularly at temperatures above 100 °C, and Poisson’s ratio decreased linearly. The changes in the tensile strength and elastic constants were more pronounced than those in uniaxial compressive strength. The stress-strain curves revealed that the thermal effect on deformation, rather than strength, was evident. Microscopic observations of the heated rock samples have revealed that high temperature promoted the interaction and networking of pre-existing and thermally induced cracks, resulting in microstructural damage before loading. We determined the crack closure stress, crack initiation stress, and crack damage stress under the respective temperatures by analyzing the stress-strain curves. An increase in temperature increased the crack closure stress and reduced the crack initiation stress, resulting in a decreased elastic range; the former increased by 12.1 MPa as the temperature increased from 20 °C to 250 °C, and the latter significantly reduced by 25.1 MPa. This finding suggests that the mechanical behavior of rocks or rock masses under high-temperature conditions, particularly at low-stress levels, is uncertain and cannot be approximated with standard material properties. No systemic relation was detected between temperature and crack damage stress; however, the volumetric strain at the crack damage stress increased consistently with temperature.

바이오매스 순환유동층 보일러의 열교환기 고온 부식 특성

최유진,배달희,이도연,Yujin Choi,Dal-hee Bae,Doyeon Lee 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.61 No.3

This paper presents the research results of analyzing the high-temperature corrosion characteristics of three currently commercialized heat exchanger tube materials under actual operating conditions of a biomass power plant. In order to precisely analyze the high-temperature corrosion characteristics of these materials, a high-temperature corrosion evaluation device was installed in the power plant equipment, which allows for adjusting the surface temperature of the heat exchanger tubes. Experiments were conducted for approximately 300 hours under various temperature and operating conditions. In this study, the commercialized heat exchanger tube materials used were SA213T12, SA213T22, and SA213T91 alloys. In order to objectively analyze the high-temperature corrosion characteristics of each material, an international standard-based process to remove corrosion products was applied to obtain the weight change of the specimens, and the average thickness loss and corrosion rate were derived. Thus, the high-temperature corrosion results for each condition were quantitatively compared and analyzed. In addition, in order to increase the reliability of the high-temperature corrosion evaluation method introduced in this study, the surface and cross-sectional corrosion of the specimens were confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Based on these analysis results, it was found that the corrosion resistance of the commercial heat exchanger materials increases as the content of chrome and nickel in the composition increases. Additionally, it was found that the corrosion phenomenon is rapidly accelerated as the surface temperature increases. Finally, the replacement period (lifetime) of the heat exchanger tubes under each condition could be inferred through this study.

국내 육성 조생종 벼 품종들에 대한 등숙기 고온내성 평가

조성우,정지웅,강경호,김현순,김보경 한국작물학회 2015 한국작물학회지 Vol.60 No.2

본 연구는 국내 조생종 벼 품종들과 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 육성된 자포니카(Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica)의 조생 다수성 품종인 남일 돌연변이 계통인 중모1024의 등숙기 고온내성을 비교 평가하여 등숙기 고온내성의 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 국내 조생종 벼 품종들 중 대봉, 운광, 및 만안과 돌연변이 계통인 중모1024가 고온에서 상대적으로 양호한 고온내성을 가지고 있는 것으로 평가되었으며. 특히 중모1024는 다른 공시품종들에 비하여 상당히 양호한 고온내성을 가진 것으로 평가되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 등숙기간 동안 고온에 의하여 현미의 길이와 너비가 감소하였으며, 현미 너비의 감소율이 현미 길이의 감소율에 비하여 평균 4배 이상 높았다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 등숙기간 동안 고온에 의하여 현미의 길이보다는 너비가 더 많은 영향을 받는다고 사료된다. 등숙기간 동안 고온에 의해 가장 문제가 되는 완전미율과 미숙립율을 공시품종들간 비교 평가한 결과, 상대적으로 중모1024, 태봉, 운광 및 만안이 고온에서 높은 현미완전미율을 보였으며, 상대적으로 적온에서 낮은 현미완전미율을 보인 품종들이 상대적으로 고온에 의한 현미완전미율 감소율이 적온에서 높은 현미완전미율을 보인 품종들에 비해 낮았다. 또한, 다른 공시품종들에 비하여 고온내성이 양호한 중모1024는 고온에서도 좋은 쌀 외관품위와 안정적 수확성 향상을 위한 육종모재로서 유용형질을 교배를 통해 고품질 벼의 보완을 위해 이전할 수 있는 것이 용이할 것으로 사료된다. Early-maturing Korean Japonica cultivars and Jungmo1024 were used as plant materials to evaluate hightemperature tolerance during grain filling stage. National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Korea developed Jungmo1024, a mutant line from Namil (wild type) treated by using sodium azide (SA) as mutagen. To evaluate high-temperature tolerance, all cultivars were exposed to high-temperature (day 31.5±2.5℃/ night 27.5±1.3℃) and ordinary temperature (day 27.5±1.8℃/ night 24.7±1.6℃) during grain filling stage. In these conditions, we performed compared evaluation of grain shape such as length and width and grain quality by using a 1625 Cervitec grain inspector. High-temperature during grain filling stage caused decrease of grain shape. In grain shape such as length and width, the decrease rate of width (average 6.3%) was higher than the decrease rate of length (average 1.3%). Hence, high-temperature affected width of grain than length of grain. In addition, high-temperature showed a decided difference in rate of head rice between ordinary temperature (average 76.3%) and high-temperature (average 13.3%).As a result, Taebong, Ungwang, Manan, and Jungmo1024 seemed relatively a decent high-temperature tolerance than other cultivars. Especially, Jungmo1024 seemed remarkable rate of head rice (average 34.4±6.2%) than other cultivars under high-temperature. It is considered that a genetic trait of Jungmo1024 can be useful to improve breeding for high-temperature tolerance.

High Temperature- and High Pressure-Processed Garlic Improves Lipid Profiles in Rats Fed High Cholesterol Diets

Sohn, Chan-Wok,Kim, Hyun-Ae,You, Bo-Ram,Kim, Min-Jee,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Lee, Ji-Yeon,Sok, Dai-Eun,Kim, Jin-Hee,Lee, Kun-Jong,Kim, Mee-Ree The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.5

Garlic protects against degenerative diseases such as hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases. However, raw garlic has a strong pungency, which is unpleasant. In this study, we examined the effect of high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic on plasma lipid profiles in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal control diet, a high cholesterol (0.5% cholesterol) diet (HCD) only, or a high cholesterol diet supplemented with 0.5% high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic (HCP) or raw garlic (HCR) for 10 weeks. The body weights of the rats fed the garlic-supplemented diets decreased, mostly because of reduced fat pad weights. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in the HCP and HCR groups decreased significantly compared with those in the HCD group. Additionally, fecal TC and TG increased significantly in the HCP and HCR groups. It is notable that no significant differences in plasma or fecal lipid profiles were observed between the HCP and HCR groups. High temperature/high pressure-processed garlic contained a higher amount of S-allyl cysteine than raw garlic (P<.05). The results suggest that high temperature/high pressure-processed garlic may be useful as a functional food to improve lipid profiles.