Comparison of the effects of short-term stair climbing and walking exercise on vascular function in healthy young adults

조민정,박예림,Kanokwan Bunsawat,김현정,윤은선,제세영 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2018 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.30 No.2

Stair climbing is a form of physical activity that can be easily accessible in worksites and public settings, but it remains unclear whether stair climbing exercise is more effective in improving vascular health than walking exercise. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term effects of stair climbing exercise and walking exercise on vascular function in healthy young adults. Eighteen healthy adults were randomized to either the stair climbing exercise group (n=10) or the walking exercise group (n=8). The stair climbing exercise was performed inside a building, while the walking exercise involved a brisk walking exercise on the treadmill at the same exercise intensity (50-60% of heart rate reserve) for 2 weeks, 30 min/day, and 3 times/week. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as indexes of vascular function were measured using applanation tonometry and ultrasound machine, respectively. These variables were measured at baseline and again after 2 weeks of supervised exercise in both groups. FMD improved similarly in both groups (stair climbing: 11.5±2.2 to 14.3±2.4%, walking: 10.8±1.3 to 12.1±2.9%, time effect: p<0.05). However, an improvement in c-f PWV did not reach statistical significance in both groups (stair climbing: 6.83±0.8 to 6.40±0.88 m/s, walking: 6.61±0.8 to 6.46±0.85 m/s, p=0.051). No changes in peak oxygen uptake were observed in any group (stair climbing: 35.47±7.83 to 37.03±8.26 mL/kg/min, walking: 37.46±5.21 to 38.33±6.73 mL.kg/min, p=0.726). These findings suggest that both short-term stair climbing and treadmill walking exercises were comparatively effective in improving conduit artery endothelial function in healthy young adults.

운동이 유전자 조절물질에 미치는 영향에 관한 고찰

엄기매,양윤권,김태우,Um, Ki-Mai,Yang, Yoon-Kwon,Kim, Tae-Woo 대한물리치료과학회 2001 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of study to phenomenological examine and the mechanism regarding the gene(DNA, RNA, Protein) and sports to studied, analyzed. and evaluated. This review considers the evidence for genetic effects in several determinants of endurance performance and resistance performance, namely: body measurements and physique, body fat pulmonary functions, cardiac and circulatory functions, muscle characteristics. substrate utilization, maximal aerobic power and other. Moreover, the response to aerobic training of indicators aerobic work metabolism and endurance performance is reviewed, with emphasis on the specificity of the response and the individual differences observed in training ability. This study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. and think that occurred with exercise influence on skeletal muscle into cell have to Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) changed was after exercise performance, which accompanied into skeletal muscle that were exercise-induces gene-modulation that is, take gene mutations. This study known that existed hormone(epinephrine)-immune system with interaction. Exercise were altered insulin binding and MAP Kinase signaling increased into immune cells. This review suggested that the high rate of glutamine utilization by cells of the immune system serves to maintain a high intra cellular concentration of the intermediates of biosynthetic pathways such that optimal rates of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis can be maintained. In the absence of glutamine, lymphocytes do not proliferate in vitro: proliferation increase greatly as the glutamine concentration increase. Glutamine is synthesized in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle and plasma glutamine levels are lowered by sepsis, injury, bums, surgery and endurance exercise and in the overtrained athlete. The study of result show that production of ET-1 is markedly increased tissue specifically in the heart by exercise without appreciable changes in endothelin-converting enzyme and endothelial receptor expressions, suggest that myocardial ET-1 may participate in modulation of cardiac function during exercise. Conclusionally, this study indicate that improvement of 'Enhancer Action' in RNA genes changed by exercise or sports. Moreover exercise was effect on Central Dogma with DNA makes RNA makes Protein. This study is expected to contribute the area of sports science, medicine, hereafter more effort is required to establish the relation between gene alters and exercise amount.

Effects of Acute Exercise on Nitric Oxide Generation from Mouse Macrophages

Shin, Jung-Hee,Kim, Jin,Kim, Hyun-Sook,Kwon, Nyun-Soo The Korean Nutrition Society 2002 Nutritional Sciences Vol.5 No.3

Physical activity is a primary cancer control strategy that has received little attention to date. However, an Increasing number of epidemiological studies have proposed that physical exercise may be beneficial by enhancing anticancer immune system responses. We investigated the effects of acute exercise on changes in nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The amounts of NO generated by abdominal macrophages in mice were measured after exercise. Thirty-two mice, which were challenged with thioglycollate broth to activate peritoneal macrophages, were randomly assigned to control, exercise and recovery groups. The mice exercised on a motor-driven treadmill for 3 consecutive days, either moderately (18m/min, 30 min/day, 5% grade) or severely (18-35m/min, 60 min/day, 5% grade). The mice were killed immediately after exercise or after 6 hrs of recovery. Nitric oxide was quantified by the Griess assay. The exercised mice showed higher levels of NO generation than those of the control mice, but the intensity of exercise had no significant effect on NO generation. Mice allowed six hours of recovery after exercise showed higher levels of NO generation than that of animals sacrificed immediately after exercise, but there were no significant differences in NO generation with variations in the intensity of exercise. Increased levels of iNOS were found in the exercised groups, and this was greatest in the groups allowed six hours of recovery compared to those groups sacrificed immediately after exercise. The results of this study suggest that acute exercise may enhance an immune response by inducing macrophage-derived NO generation; these results support the epidemiological findings which support the benefits of exercise in the prevention and control of cancer. Further study is needed to determine the physiological significance of these findings, which could be applied to the use of therapeutic exercises to assist in the prevention and control of cancer.

운동심리상담 프로그램 참여에 따른 운동행동의 변화양상

김용빈,김병준 국민체육진흥공단 한국스포츠정책과학원 2024 체육과학연구 Vol.35 No.1

[목적] 본 연구는 운동심리상담 프로그램 참여자의 운동행동의 시간에 따른 변화양상을 이해하는데 목적이 있다. [방법] 운동행동의 변화양상을 분석하기 위하여 서울시 S구 소개 C다이어트캠프 내 운동참가자 성인여성회원 중 운동행동변화단계 2~3단계에 속한 대상을 목적표집하여 상담집단 30명, 통제집단 30명을 무선배치하였다. 12주의 연구기간동안 연구대상자들은 C다이어트캠프 운동프로그램에 동일하게 참여하였으며 이와는 별도로 상담집단은 매주 1회의 운동심리상담 프로그램을 참여하였고 통제집단은 같은 시간에 레크리에이션 활동에 참여하였다. 4주에 1회씩 총 4 시점의 운동행동의 사회심리적 변인인 운동지속, 운동결과기대, 운동만족을 측정하였다. 측정된 자료를 분석하기 위하여 잠재성장모형을 활용하여 운동행동 변인들의 변화양상과 그 관계성을 분석하였다. [결과] 상담집단은 운동지속, 운동결과기대, 운동만족 변인 모두 변화양상이 정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 도출되어증가하는 추세를 확인하였다. 통제집단은 운동지속 변인의 변화양상이 정적으로 효과를 미치는 것으로 도출되었지만실험집단의 비하여 그 추세가 1/4 수준으로 확인되었다. 운동결과기대 및 운동만족 변인은 통계적으로 유의미하지않았다. [결론] 운동심리상담 프로그램은 운동참여자들의 운동지속, 운동결과기대, 운동만족을 강화하는 효과적인 중재전략이다. 운동심리상담은 운동행동 강화를 위한 필수적인 중재전략이며 연구결과의 일반화를 위하여 운동심리상담 적용 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다. PURPOSE This study aimed to understand the changes in the exercise behavior of participants in the exercise-psychological counseling program. METHODS This study sampled adult female participants of C diet camp in Seoul, who were in stages 2~3 of the “Stages of Change Model.” A total of 60 participants were randomly assigned to the counseling group (n=30) and control group (n=30). During the 12 weeks of study, all subjects participated in the diet camp program C. The counseling group participated in the exercise psychological counseling program once a week, while the control group participated in recreational activities instead. Exercise adherence, outcome-expectancy, and satisfaction were measured once every four weeks. Latent growth models were used to analyze the measured data. RESULTS Exercise adherence, outcome-expectancy, and satisfaction in the counseling group exerted a statistically significant positive effect. A statistically significant positive effect on the change of exercise adherence variable was observed in the control group, but the trend was only 1/4 of that of the counseling group. In the control group, exercise outcome-expectancy and exercise satisfaction did not have a statistically significant outcome. CONCLUSIONS The exercise counseling program is an essential intervention strategy that enhances participants’ exercise adherence, outcomeexpectancy, and satisfaction. Therefore, a positive change in exercise behaviors occurs.

Effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice: Which is better?

Fitri Kurnia Rahayu1,Sri Ratna Dwiningsih,Ashon Sa’adi,Lilik Herawati 대한생식의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.48 No.1

Objective: Exercise is a risk factor for infertility in women. However, research on the effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis has not yielded clear results. This study was conducted to analyze the effects of differences in the intensity of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice. Methods: Nineteen female BALB/c mice (age, 3–4 months; weight, 13–25 g) were randomly divided into four groups: control, mild exercise, moderate exercise, and high-intensity exercise. The mice in the exercise groups engaged in swimming, with additional loads of 3%, 6%, or 9% of body weight, respectively. There were five swimming sessions per week for 4 weeks, with a gradually increasing duration every week. At the end of the treatment, ovarian extraction was carried out and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to identify folliculogenesis. Results: There were significant differences in the number of total follicles between the control and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.036) and between the mild- and moderate-exercise groups (p=0.005). The mean number of primary follicles was higher in the moderate-exercise group than in the mild-exercise group (p=0.006). The mean number of secondary, tertiary, and Graafian follicles did not differ significantly among groups (p≥0.05). However, the number of total follicles and follicles in each phase tended to increase after exercise, especially moderate-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Exercise of different intensities affected the total number of follicles and primary follicles. The number of follicles of each phase tended to increase after exercise. Moderate-intensity exercise had better effects than other intensities of exercise.

Exercise training causes a partial improvement through increasing testosterone and eNOS for erectile function in middle-aged rats

Seo, Dae Yun,Lee, Sung Ryul,Kwak, Hyo Bum,Park, Hyuntea,Seo, Kyo Won,Noh, Yeon Hee,Song, Kang-Moon,Ryu, Ji-Kan,Ko, Kyung Soo,Rhee, Byoung Doo,Han, Jin Elsevier 2018 Experimental Gerontology Vol.108 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>Aging changes the balance of sex hormones and causes endothelial dysfunction in the penis, both of which are important determinants of erectile dysfunction (ED). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether exercise training could protect against erectile dysfunction by increasing serum testosterone and penile eNOS levels in aging rats.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 14 young (2-month-old) and 14 middle-aged (18-month-old) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either untrained control (young control, [YC], middle-aged control, [MC]) or endurance exercise-trained (young exercise, [YE], middle-aged exercise, [ME]) groups with seven rats per group. The exercise groups trained with treadmill running for 6 weeks. Body composition parameters (body weight, heart mass, liver mass, and testicular mass), serum sex hormone levels (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin), endothelial function-related parameters in the penis (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], CD31, alpha smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), and maximal intracavernous pressure measure (ICP) and total ICP were analyzed in middle-aged rats.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The middle-aged groups showed increased body weight, as compared with the young groups, but exercise training attenuated the aging-induced increase in body weight. The middle-aged groups had lower testicular mass compared with the young groups, but exercise training attenuated aging-induced decreases in testicular mass. Exercise training increased serum testosterone levels in both the young and middle-aged groups. However, there were no changes in the levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin among the groups. MC group showed decreased protein levels of p-eNOS, as compared with the YC group. However, exercise training protected against aging-induced decrease in eNOS and p-eNOS protein levels in the penis. Interestingly, exercise training also increased protein levels of α-SMA and maximal ICP in the middle-aged group.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Exercise training has beneficial effects on erectile function in aged rats through increased testosterone production from the testis and strengthening of the cavernous endothelium with activation of eNOS. Therefore, exercise training may be a therapeutic modality for improving erectile dysfunction associated with aging.</P>

임신 중 운동유무가 산욕기 건강관련체력과 산후우울 및 체중변화에 미치는 영향

전영남,박정준,양점홍 대한운동학회 2013 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.15 No.3

[INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to compare health-related fitness, postpartum depression, and body weight changes between two groups of women who had regularly exercised during pregnancy and who had not exercised. This study may also provide useful information for exercise prescription in pregnancy women and contribute their health during pregnancy and physical and mental recovery after delivery. [METHOD] Puerperium women who were being served at the postpartum care center located in B Metropolitan City completed a questionnaire to identify their demographic and delivery-related characteristics. Total 22 puerperium women participated in this study and divided into exercise and non-exercise group. Exercise group (n=9) was those who had regularly exercised for more than 5 months during their pregnancy, while non-exercise group (n=13) was those who had not participated in any exercise program during their pregnancy. Exercise group performed pregnancy yoga program 2 days/week, which was composed of 5-10 min warm-up, 30-40 min main exercise, and 5-10 min cool-down. Submaiximal oxygen consumption, handgrip test, partial curl-ups, back scratch, and body composition were measured for health-related fitness. Postpartum depression was tested using by self-rating depression scale. Difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups was examined by t-test. Difference between the two groups in weight change in accordance with the time point of weight measurement was analyzed by two-way repeated ANOVA. All statistical analyses was peformed by using a statistical software SPSS Ver. 12.0 at the statistical significance level of α=.05. [RESULT] Main Findings of the study were that the exercise group had significantly higher health-related fitness than the non-exercise group, especially in cardiovascular fitness, upper-limb flexibility, and lean body mass. Also, exercise group tended to show lower postpartum depression than non-exercise group, which was not statistically significant. [CONCLUSION] In conclusion, regular exercise during pregnancy was needed to promote the improvement of physical and mental fitness during pregnancy and after delivery. Therefore, it is needed to develop a well-organized and appropriate exercise program during pregnancy for provide pregnant women. [서론] 임심기간 중 규칙적인 운동이 산욕기에 나타나는 신체적·정신적 변화에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 아직 알려진 바 없다. 본 연구에서는 임신기간 중 운동을 한 산모와 하지 않은 산모의 산욕기 건강관련체력, 산후우울, 체중변화를 비교하고 산전운동의 효과를 구명하여 임산부 운동처방의 자료를 제시함과 동시에 임산부의 건강과 출산 후 신체적·정신적 회복에 기여하는 데 있다. [방법] 본 연구의 피험자는 B광역시 D구에 위치한 A병원 조리원에 입실한 산욕부 중 대상자의 일반적 및 분만관련 특성을 설문지를 통해 검사하여 임신 5개월 이후부터 출산 전까지 규칙적인 걷기와 산전 요가프로그램에 참가했던 산모들을 운동군(Exe, n=9)으로 구성하였으며, 그렇지 않은 산모들을 비운동군(Nonexe, n=13)으로 구성하였다. 산전 요가프로그램은 RPE 11-13의 강도로 주 2회, 1시간씩 실시하였으며, 건강관련체력(최대하산소섭취량, 악력, 윗몸일으키기, 백 스크래치, 신체조성), 산후우울, 체중변화를 측정하였다. 연구의 측정결과는 SPSS ver. 12.0을 이용하여 측정항목의 평균값(M)과 표준편차(SD)를 산출하였다. 집단 간 항목별 평균값 차이비교를 위해 t-test를 실시하였으며 체중의 측정시기와 그룹 간 변화를 알아보기 위해 Two-way repeated ANOVA를 실시하였다. 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. [결과] 운동군이 비운동군에 비해서 최대산소섭취량, 오른쪽 및 왼쪽 back scratch, 제지방량이 유의하게(p<.05) 높게 나타났다. 근력 및 근지구력은 운동군이 높은 경향을 보였고, 체지방량과 산후우울은 운동군이 낮은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. [결론] 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때 신체적․정신적으로 건강한 임신과 출산을 위해 임산부 운동이 활성화되어야 한다고 생각된다.

Exercise, but not quercetin, ameliorates inflammation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle after strenuous exercise by high-fat diet mice

( Soon Mi Kwon ),( Hee Geun Park ),( Jong Kui Jun ),( Wang Lok Lee ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.1

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate whether moderate exercise and quercetin intake with a low fat diet contribute to inflammatory cytokine production, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle after strenuous exercise by high-fat diet mice. [Methods] Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: (1) High-fat for 12 weeks and low-fat diet control (C; n = 6); (2) high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet with quercetin (Q; n = 4); (3) high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet with exercise (E; n = 4); or (4) high-fat diet for 12 weeks and low-fat diet with exercise and quercetin (EQ; n = 5). Quercetin (10 mg/kg) was administered once per day, 5 day/week for 8 weeks. Exercise training was performed at moderate intensity for 8 weeks, 5 days/week for 30.60 min/day. Mice were subjected to a strenuous exercise bout of 60 min at a speed of 25 m/min (VO2 max 85%) conducted as an exercise-induced fatigue just before sacrifice. [Results] As results, body weights were significantly different among the groups. Exercise training significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines after strenuous exercise in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet mice. Exercise training increased Tfam mRNA in the soleus muscle after strenuous exercise. Exercise training significantly decreased lipogenesis markers in skeletal muscle of obese mice after strenuous exercise. Moderate exercise significantly increased lipolysis markers in the tibialis anterior muscle. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that exercise training reduced inflammatory cytokine levels and improved mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. However quercetin supplementation did not affect these parameters. Thus, long-term moderate exercise training has positive effects on obesity.

비만여성의 규칙적인 운동과 운동 강도가 MDA와 SOD활성에 미치는 영향

김현준(Hyun Joon Kim),최종환(Jong Hwan Choi),김현주(Hyeon Ju Kim) 한국발육발달학회 2005 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.13 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12-week exercise program on the production of malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes in obese women produced by different exercise intensities. Seventeen volunteers(age=2l.78±1.09) were placed in 2 groups: obese group(OG, n=9) and normal group(NG, n=8). The subjects who joined this investigation were asked to participate in aerobic exercise and/or weight training program for 12 weeks. MDA and SOD were collected at rest, just after the submaximal exercise and the maximal exercise, and 30minutes after the cyde ergometer riding at the beginning and the end of the 12-weeks program For data analysis, mean and standard deviation scores were calculated and repeated-ANOVA(Duncan past-hoc test) were used. OG was significantly higher than NG on the MDA level(at HRmax100% and recovery before training and HRmax100% after the exercise. OG showed the significant decrease on the MDA level at the HRmax100% and 30 minutes following the 12 week exercise, whereas NG only showed the significant decrease on it at HRmax100%. Depending on different exercise intensities, while OG showed significant differences on the MDA level before and after the exercise, NG only showed the significant difference on it before the exercise. Before the exercise, OG was significantly lower than NG on the SOD activity at the HRmax100%. However, after the exercise, there was no significant difference. Both groups significantly activated on the SOD level at the rest and HRmax100% following the 12 week exercise. Depending on different exercise intensifies, CG didn`t show any difference on the SOD activity before and after the exercise. NG didn`t show any difference on the SOD activity before the exercise, but showed the significant difference on it after the exercise. This study implies that regular exercise may have good effects on MDA and antioxidants.

Exercise Strategies to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes

Ah Reum Jung,Hyunah Kim,Hun-Sung Kim,Churlmin Kim,Whan-Seok Choi 대한가정의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.42 No.2

The importance of adopting healthy exercise routines has been repeatedly emphasized to individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, knowledge about the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia is limited. Regular exercise reduces and delays the onset of DM-related complications particularly in individuals who already have DM. However, an excessive exercise can lead to hypoglycemia. Excessive exercise in the evening can cause hypoglycemia while sleeping. Furthermore, if individuals with DM want to have a greater amount of exercise, the exercise duration rather than intensity must be increased. In weight resistance exercises, it is beneficial to first increase the number of repetitions, followed by the number of sets and gradually the weight of resistance. When performing intermittent high-intensity training within a short time period, hypoglycemia may develop for an extended period after exercise. In addition to adjusting exercise regimens, the medication doses must be modified accordingly. Delaying exercise, adjusting the number of snacks consumed prior to exercise, reducing insulin dose before exercise, and injecting insulin into the abdomen rather than the limbs prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia prior to a spontaneous exercise. Ultimately, with personal knowledge on how to prevent hypoglycemia, the effects of exercise can be maximized in individuals with DM, and a healthy lifestyle can prevent future complications.